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Home » Long Term Weight Loss » Knowledge is power: Signs, symptoms & survival rates of the most common cancers – Lynchburg News and Advance

Breast Cancer

The American Cancer Society estimates 252,710 women and 2,470 men will be diagnosed with breast cancer in 2017 and about 42,070 will die from it.

The rate of breast cancer in women has declined from its 1989 peak by 38 percent, mostly due to improvements in detection. For women at average risk of breast cancer, annual mammograms are optional between the ages 40 to 44. Starting at age 45, the annual screening is recommended and, at age 55, women can transition to biennial mammograms.

+ Signs and symptoms: A lump in the breast is the most common symptom, though others include breast thickening, swelling, distortion, tenderness, redness, nipple abnormalities, spontaneous nipple discharge.

+ Risk factors: Weight gain after the age of 18, being overweight or obese, postmenopausal hormone use, alcohol consumption, heavy smoking, shift work that disrupts sleep patterns, family history of the disease, BRCA1 or BRCA2 genetic mutation, high density breast tissue, long menstrual history, recent use of oral contraceptives, never having children, having the first child after the age of 30.

+ Five-year survival rate: 90 percent.

An estimated 10,270 new cases will be diagnosed in the U.S. in 2017, and 1,190 children will die from the diseases.

The childhood cancer death rate has declined by more than two-thirds since 1969, due to improvements in treatment.

+ Signs and symptoms: Unusual mass, swelling, unexplained paleness or loss of energy, sudden increase in tendency to bruise or bleed, persistent pain or limping, prolonged unexplained illness or fever, frequent headaches, changes in vision, rapid weight loss.

+ Risk factors: There are few known risk factors for childhood cancers, though a small percentage may be related to an inherited genetic mutation or one that arises during fetal development.

+ Five-year survival rate: 83 percent, though it varies depending on type of cancer, and age of the patient among other factors.

In 2017, the American Cancer Society estimates 95,520 new cases of colon cancer and 39,910 of rectal cancer will be diagnosed and an estimated 50,260 people will die from it.

Colorectal cancer rates have been declining for several decades. Beginning at age 50, men and women of average risk should begin colorectal cancer screenings.

+ Signs and symptoms: This cancer typically has no symptoms in its early stages, but later stage symptoms include rectal bleeding, blood in the stool, changes in bowel habits, lower abdominal cramping, decreased appetite, and weight loss.

+ Risk factors: Obesity, long-term smoking, high consumption of red or processed meat, low calcium intake, moderate to heavy alcohol consumption, low intake of fruits and vegetables.

+ Five-year survival rate: 65 percent.

The American Cancer Society estimates 63,990 new cases of kidney and renal cancers will be diagnosed in the U.S. in 2017 and about 14,440 people will die from the disease.

Kidney cancer rates increased in the past several decades due to diagnosis during abdominal imaging for other issues but, since 2002, diagnoses have declined about 1 percent per year.

+ Signs and Symptoms: This cancer typically has no symptoms in the early stages but as the tumor progresses, there may be blood in the urine, pain or lump in the lower back or abdomen, weight loss or swelling in the legs or ankles.

+ Risk factors: Obesity; smoking; high blood pressure; chronic renal failure; occupational exposure to certain chemicals, such as trichloroethylene; and rare hereditary conditions.

+ Five-year survival rate: 74 percent.

An estimated 62,130 new cases of leukemia will be diagnosed the U.S. in 2017 and about 24,500 will die from the disease, according to the American Cancer Society. The death rate from this cancer has steadily dropped 1 percent per year since 2005.

While there are no current recommended screenings for this cancer, it sometimes is detected due to abnormal blood tests results performed for other issues.

+ Signs and symptoms: Fatigue, paleness, repeated infections, fever, bleeding or bruising easily, bone or joint pain, swelling in the lymph nodes or abdomen

+ Risk factors: Exposure to ionizing radiation, including medical radiation used in cancer treatments; and cigarette smoking.

+ Five-year survival rate: Varies by subtype, from 27 percent to 83 percent.

The American Cancer Society estimates 40,710 new cases of liver cancer will be diagnosed in the U.S. in 2017 and about 28,920 people will die from the disease.

Diagnoses of this cancer have more than tripled since 1980. From 2004 to 2013, the rate steadily increased by about 4 percent per year.

Screening for liver cancer has not been shown to reduce the mortality rate, but some doctors test high-risk individuals with ultrasound or blood tests.

+ Signs and symptoms: Symptoms usually dont appear until the cancer is advanced, but include abdominal pain or swelling, weight loss, weakness, loss of appetite, jaundice and fever. An enlarged liver is the most common physical sign.

+ Risk factors: Chronic infection with hepatitis B or C, heavy alcohol consumption, obesity, diabetes, tobacco smoking, and certain rare genetic disorders such as hemochromatosis.

+ Five-year survival rate: 18 percent.

Lung cancer is the second most commonly diagnosed cancer in the U.S. The American Cancer Society estimates 222,500 new cases will be diagnosed in 2017 and about 155,870 people will die from it this year.

The rate of lung cancer in the U.S. has been declining since the mid-1980s.

+ Signs and symptoms: Symptoms typically dont occur until the cancer is advance, but include a persistent cough, sputum streaked with blood, chest pain, voice changes, worsening shortness of breath and reoccurring pneumonia or bronchitis.

+ Risk factors: Cigarette smoking; exposure to radon gas; occupational or environmental exposure to secondhand smoke, asbestos, certain metals, radiation, or air pollution. Occupational exposures that increase risk include rubber manufacturing, paving, roofing, painting and chimney sweeping.

+ Five-year survival rate: 15 percent for men and 21 percent for women.

An estimated 49,670 new cases of oral and throat cancers will be diagnosed in 2017 and about 9,700 people will die from it.

From 2004 to 2013, the rate dropped by about 2 percent per year for blacks, but has increased 1 percent per year among whites, largely driven by a subset of cancers associated with the human papillomavirus (HPV) infection.

+ Signs and symptoms: A lesion in the throat or mouth that bleeds easily and does not heal; a persistent red or white patch, lump, or thickening in the throat or mouth; ear pain; a neck mass; coughing up blood.

+ Risk factors: Tobacco use, excessive alcohol consumption, an HPV infection of the mouth and throat believed to be transmitted through sexual contact.

+ Early detection: Visual inspections by dentists and physicians can often detect premalignant abnormalities and cancer at an early stage.

+ Five-year survival rate: 66 percent for whites and 47 percent for blacks.

An estimated 53,670 new cases of pancreatic cancer will be diagnosed in 2017 and about 43,090 will die from the disease.

This type of cancer has been declining by about 1 percent per year in whites, but was stable for blacks since 2004.

+ Signs and symptoms: Symptoms usually dont appear until the disease has progressed, but include weight loss, abdominal discomfort, and occasionally the development of diabetes. Advance stages of the disease include abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting.

+ Risk factors: Cigarette smoking, a family history of the disease, a personal history of chronic pancreatitis or diabetes and obesity, excessive alcohol consumption, Lynch syndrome and certain other genetic syndromes, including the BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation.

+ Five-year survival rate: 8 percent.

The American Cancer Society estimates 161,360 new cases of prostate cancer will be diagnosed in 2017, and about 26,730 men will die from it.

Starting in the late 1980s, prostate cancer diagnoses spiked due to widespread screening with the prostate-specific antigen blood test but has been declining by about 8 percent per year since 2009.

The American Cancer Society recommends men of average risk of this type of cancer have a conversation with their doctor about the benefits and limitations of PSA testing.

+ Signs and symptoms: Early prostate cancer usually has no symptoms but as the disease progresses, men may experience weak or interrupted urine flow, difficulty starting or stopping urine flow, the need to urinate frequently, blood in the urine, pain or burning with urination.

+ Risk factors: Age, African ancestry, a family history of the disease and certain inherited genetic conditions.

+ Five-year survival rate: almost 100 percent.

An estimated 87,110 new cases of melanoma will be diagnosed in the U.S. in 2017, and about 9,730 people will die from it, according to the American Cancer Society.

Melanoma diagnoses have risen rapidly during the past 30 years, with a 2 to 3 percent increase per year since 2004 for those older than 50, but the rate has stabilized for those younger than 50.

The best prevention for this type of cancer is to use proper protection while in the sun wear sunglasses that block UV rays, apply a broad spectrum sunscreen with an SPF of 30 or more, and wear protective clothing.

+ Signs and symptoms: Changes in the size, shape or color of a mole or other skin lesion; the appearance of new skin growth; or a sore that doesnt heal. Changes that progress over a month or more should be evaluated by a health care provider.

+ Risk factors: A personal or family history, the presence of atypical; large or numerous moles; high exposure to ultraviolet radiation from sunlight or indoor tanning; a history of excessive sun exposure including sunburns; diseases or treatments that suppress the immune system.

+ Five-year survival rate: 98 percent.

An estimated 56,870 new cases of thyroid cancer will be diagnosed in 2017, with three out of four cases occurring in younger women. About 2,010 people are expected to die from this cancer this year.

Thyroid cancer has been increasing worldwide during the past few decades. In the U.S., the rate has increased about 5 percent per year since 2004.

+ Signs and symptoms: A lump in the neck, a tight or full feeling in the neck, difficulty breathing or swallowing, hoarseness, swollen lymph nodes, and pain in the throat or neck that doesnt go away.

+ Risk factors: Being female, having a family history of goiter or thyroid nodules, a family history of thyroid cancer and radiation exposure early in life, and a mutation in the RET gene.

+ Five-year survival rate: 98 percent

The American Cancer Society estimated 12,820 new cases will be diagnosed in 2017, and about 4,210 will die from it.

The cervical cancer rate has declined by more than half since 1975 due to a widespread uptick in screenings, but the declines recently have slowed.

The currently recommended screening for women ages 21 to 65 is a Pap test along with the human papillomavirus (HPV) test for women over the age of 30. Vaccines to protect against HPV are available for those ages 9 to 26.

+ Signs and symptoms: The most common symptom is abnormal vaginal bleedings, which may start and stop between regular menstrual periods or occur after sexual intercourse, douching or a pelvic exam. Menstrual bleeding may last longer and be heavier than usual. Bleeding after menopause and increased vaginal discharge also may be symptoms.

+ Risk factors: Most cervical cancers are caused by a persistent infection with certain types of human papillomavirus (HPV).

+ Five-year survival rate: 69 percent for white women and 57 percent for black women.

The American Cancer Society estimates 61,380 new cases will be diagnosed in 2017, and about 10,920 will die from it.

Diagnoses of this type of cancer have been increasing by about 1 percent per year among white women and three percent per year among black women since 2004. Theres no standard screening for women of average risk, but most cases are diagnosed at an early stage because of postmenopausal bleeding.

+ Signs and symptoms: Abnormal uterine bleeding or spotting and pain during urination, intercourse or in the pelvic area.

+ Risk factors: Obesity, use of postmenopausal estrogen, late menopause, never having children, a history of polycystic ovary syndrome.

+ Five-year survival rate: 84 percent for white women and 62 percent for black women. White women are more likely to be diagnosed at an early stage of the disease.

An estimated 79,030 new cases of urinary or bladder cancer will be diagnosed in 2017 and 16,870 will die from the disease.

The rate has decreased since 2009 by about 1 percent per year in whites, and increased about .5 percent for black men and was stable for black women.

+ Signs and symptoms: Blood in the urine, increased frequency or urgency of urination, pain during urination.

+ Risk factors: Smoking. Workers in the dye, rubber, leather, aluminum industries, painters and people in communities with high levels of arsenic in the drinking water are at increased risk.

+ Five-year survival rate: 79 percent for white men, 74 percent for white women, 69 percent for black men and 54 percent for black women.

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Knowledge is power: Signs, symptoms & survival rates of the most common cancers - Lynchburg News and Advance

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Home » Long Term Weight Loss » Knowledge is power: Signs, symptoms & survival rates of the most common cancers – Lynchburg News and Advance