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This article discusses recent updates on US trade policy issues in the dietary supplement industry. It focuses on the trading relationship between the US and its largest trading partners, including China, and analyzes the ongoing effects of current trade policies on companies that produce, buy, and sell dietary supplements. The authors discuss tools available to US companies to reduce financial liability when trade policies are evolving at a rapid pace.IntroductionUS trade policy has been anything but quiet in recent years. The current administration is focused on trade as a central component of its economic policy and has relied on trade tools and policies that had been dormant for decades. The administration describes its approach as making fundamental changes to US trade policy to benefit US companies and workers including reshoring supply chains, encouraging US companies to reduce their business in China, and ensuring that there is significant capacity to produce articles that touch on national security, including medicines, steel, and aluminum.1In the last two years, these trade tools have included the application of tariffs on imports of numerous Chinese goods under Section 301 of the Trade Act of 1974, an updated United States-Mexico-Canada Agreement that replaces the 1994 North American Free Trade Agreement between the three countries, and a phase one trade agreement between the US and China.2 The administrations 2020 trade agenda promises more changes to US trade policies, including increased enforcement of trade laws and agreements; potential new trade agreements with the United Kingdom, European Union (EU), and Japan; and further negotiations with China for an anticipated phase two trade agreement. For US companies, a rapidly evolving trade landscape could be a double-edged sword in that it presents novel opportunities for companies in the US and abroad but also creates a degree of uncertainty that must be taken into account.The US-China trade relationshipThe relationship between the US and China is currently center stage in trade policy. After years of negotiations on various trade frictions, the two countries announced a phase one trade agreement in January 2020 that creates new obligations by China regarding patents, trademarks, trade secrets, and pharmaceutical-related intellectual property and enhances enforcement against counterfeit goods.3 The Phase One Agreement also contains important implications for US companies doing business in China because it prohibits China from pressuring US companies to turn over their technologies as a condition of market access, business advantages, or any licensing approvals.4 This deal will have wide-reaching effects for US and Chinese companies and it lays the groundwork for a phase two deal in the future.Ongoing negotiations between the US and China will have long-lasting effects for dietary supplement companies that import Chinese goods or export to China. For example, 80% of the raw material ingredients used to produce US manufactured vitamins and dietary supplements originate in China.5 Chapter 3 of the Phase One Agreement is devoted to trade in food and agricultural products, and requires China to create a regulatory process that will facilitate US exports to China of various agricultural products, including certain dietary supplements.6 The Phase One Agreement also increases market access opportunities in China for certain US dietary products, such as fish oil. China committed to increasing imports of US goods over the next two years by at least $200 billion, from the 2017 baseline value. The list of products China committed to import as part of that increased value includes essential oils, various types of seeds (oil, flax, sunflower, colza), spices (cinnamon, cloves, ginger, nutmeg, saffron, turmeric, and others), natural gums and resins, vegetable saps and extracts, and other extracts and concentrates.7 This creates new opportunities for US companies that export these products to have more predictable and reliable supply chains to sell to Chinas growing market.Tariffs on US imports of Chinese goods, and retaliatory tariffs imposed by the China government on imports of US goods, remain largely in place, even though the two countries reached the Phase One Agreement. This includes 25% tariffs on US imports of certain essential oils, fish oils, numerous acids, salts, and compounds from China classified under the US Harmonized Tariff Schedule Chapter 29 (Organic Chemical).8 Likewise, US companies that export dietary supplements to China face various retaliatory tariffs. In response to US tariffs, China has placed tariffs ranging from 5%-25% on thousands of US products, including animal and fish oils; certain extracts; various chemicals used in vitamins, food, and medicine; medicinal capsules; and plants used in medicines.9 The extent to which the US industry relies on raw materials from China has been a source of concern for US companies. For example, the Natural Product Association testified at a June 2019 hearing held by the Office of the US Trade Representative to address challenges faced by small- and medium-sized US companies that source from China.10 On the whole, the tariffs remain in place at this time, even though several companies have sought and received product-specific exclusions from them.11The duration of these tariffs remains uncertain. During negotiations for the Phase One Agreement, Chinese officials lobbied to have US duties on Chinese imports lifted, but the US agreed to reduce tariffs on a specific tranche of goods only.12 Negotiations for a phase two agreement were expected to continue immediately after the Phase One Agreement was signed, but the COVID-19 pandemic has caused a significant delay in talks until further notice. A phase two agreement is expected to cover a range of issues, including the Chinese governments provision of subsidies to domestic industries, intellectual property violations and enforcement of those violations, and forced technology transfer as a condition for access to Chinas market.Tariffs on imports from the EUA separate set of tariffs, stemming from the long-standing World Trade Organization (WTO) dispute between the US and the EU, affects US companies doing business in an EU member country. The dispute stems from the EUs provision of subsidies to aircraft manufacturer Airbus and has, for years, been the source of tariffs on US goods imported into the EU and EU goods imported into the US.Most recently, the US issued a new set of tariffs on EU imports after a WTO panel determined in October 2019 that the US was entitled to impose countermeasures against the EU for subsidies provided to Airbus.13 Although the WTO panel determined that the Airbus subsidies caused lost sales and revenues to the US aircraft industry, its ruling does not limit the US to imposing countermeasures (e.g., tariffs) to any particular industry or product. In previous years, the US has imposed duties on EU imports on a rotating, or so-called carrousel, basis, whereby products were subject to duties for a certain period and then removed from the tariff list. In April 2019, the US proposed applying additional duties to a range of EU imports, including various essential oils (orange, lemon, grapefruit, peppermint, eucalyptus, and others), concentrates of essential oils, and resinoids.14 Ultimately, and after much input from the industry including comments submitted by the Council for Responsible Nutrition explaining that many US companies source key raw ingredients from the EU15 none of those items were included on the final list of Section 301 duties for EU imports that is currently in effect.16 The duties went into effect on 18 October 2019, and will remain in effect until further notice.17Country of origin and marking issues for importsAs companies evaluate their supply chains in the midst of this new trade landscape, one option available to any US company is to confirm the country of origin of products it imports from overseas. US Customs and Border Protection (CBP) is experiencing an enormous uptick in requests for country-of-origin rulings from US companies. For decades, companies have requested country-of-origin determinations for imported products made of component parts from various countries or processed in a third country before entering the US. The country of origin of an imported product is more relevant than ever today because of the varying tariff levels that apply to imports depending on product and country. Since the Section 301 duties applicable to most Chinese imports went into effect in 2018, CBP has issued hundreds of country-of-origin rulings to advise companies whether their imported products are subject to tariffs. The correct classification of imports is crucial to businesses for financial and liability purposes.For example, if fish oil capsules are made of fish oil that is sourced and processed in Peru and is then shipped to China, where the fish oil is placed in capsules, should those fish oil capsules be labeled as a product of Peru or China when they are imported to the US? CBP answered that question in August 2019 and determined that the fish oil capsules should be marked with Peru as the country of origin.18 In its ruling, CBP explained that the fish oil retains its chemical and physical properties throughout the production process and is merely put into the capsules for dosage in China. For that reason, no substantial transformation of the fish oil occurs in China, and Peru remains the country of origin of the final product. CBP has confirmed in other rulings that the country from which the fish oil is sourced is the country of origin for fish oil capsules, even if the encapsulation process occurs in a third country before the product is imported into the US.19CBP has concluded that a substantial transformation occurs in cases where the processing performed in a third country, or in the US prior to sale, is more involved or complicated. For example, in 2018, CBP considered the country of origin for three different multivitamins.20 In 2018, CBP considered the country of origin for three different multivitamins.20 The multivitamins contained raw material ingredients from numerous countries, including China, India, Spain, Malaysia, Brazil, and the US. The raw materials were all imported into the US, where they were processed into multivitamins at a production facility in Michigan. CBP found that the combining and mixing of the raw materials in the US was substantial because each of the raw materials loses its original identity when combined to create a new finished product, the multivitamins. The multivitamins were, therefore, a product of the US. In another 2019 ruling, however, CBP found that a vitamin product whose active ingredient was sourced in Switzerland, imported to India to be mixed with inactive ingredients, then imported into the US, had Switzerland as the country of origin.21 CBP continues to process hundreds of country-of-origin requests as companies evaluate how to optimize the competitiveness of their production process and supply chain given the current trade climate.ConclusionWhere does this leave US companies? The industry has been vocal about the impact of current trade policies on dietary supplement companies. The dust has settled in certain respects, in that companies understand the impact of tariffs that have now been in place for a couple of years, but there are likely to be further changes ahead. Once the US emerges from dealing with the COVID-19 pandemic, companies can expect trade to return to being a top priority. US-China trade negotiations will continue, the United States-Mexico-Canada Agreement will be implemented, and new trade agreements will be negotiated all of which will require successful companies to understand the applicable rules and how to structure their operations within those rules to maximize the ability to compete.AbbreviationsCBP, Customs and Border Protection; EU, European Union; HTS, harmonized tariff schedule; USTR, US Trade Representative; WTO, World Trade Organization.References

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Update on trade issues affecting the dietary supplement industry - Regulatory Focus

Bloating can make the stomach feel swollen, hard, and its generally quite uncomfortable.

Your bloating pain may be caused by eating certain gassy foods, or by eating too fast or too much.

But, one of the best and easiest ways to limit your risk of bloating is to avoid eating onions, it's been revealed.

Lentils may be causing your bloating pain after a big meal, as they're rich in fibre.

READ MORE: Stomach bloating - the posture you should avoid or risk trapped wind

"Although bloating may be a symptom of a serious medical condition, it is usually caused by something in the diet," said dietitian Adda Bjarnadottir.

She wrote on the medical website Healthline: "Lentils contain high amounts of protein, fibre and healthy carbs, as well as minerals such as iron, copper and manganese.

"Because of their high fibre content, they can cause bloating in sensitive individuals. This is especially true for people who are not used to eating a lot of fibre.

"Like beans, lentils also contain FODMAPs. These sugars may contribute to excessive gas production and bloating."

You could lower your risk of bloating by soaking the lentils before eating them, however.

Lighter-coloured lentils are also less likely to cause trapped wind, as they're generally lower in fibre than dark lentils.

Meanwhile, you could also be at risk of bloating if you regularly eat onions, it's been claimed.

Onions contain a soluble fibre, called fructans, that also sit in the stomach and provide food for bacteria.

Stomach bloating may also be caused by constipation, trapped wind, irritable bowel syndrome, or even by swallowing too much air.

You could swallow air by drinking through a straw, or by talking with your mouth full of food.

Speak to a doctor if your bloating symptoms dont go away, said the NHS. It could be caused by something more serious, including ovarian or bowel cancer.

While stomach pain is unlikely to be caused by a type of cancer, it's always worth getting it checked by a medical professional.

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Stomach bloating - the common 45p dinner food that could be causing your trapped wind pain - Express

While Tom Kerridge, 46, may be well known for his food skills as a Michelin-starred chef, its his own diet that made him hit headlines in recent years. The celebrity chef revealed his dramatic weight loss after he decided to overhaul his lifestyle at the age of 40. He used a combination of exercise and dieting to reach his goals - and managed to drop a massive 12 stone in the process.

Tom has been candid about his weight loss in recent years, revealing that he decided to make a change when he hit 40.

In an interview with The Sunday Times, he explained: Say we live to 80. Well, I thought, Im halfway there. And then, I thought Im not going to get there. If Im like this, Im not going to make it.

At his heaviest, the expert chef weighed 30 stone, reportedly drinking 15 pints of beer a night at times.

However, with a new diet plan that he concocted himself, the chef managed to drop down to 18 stone.

READ MORE:Tom Kerridge shares easy recipe amid coronavirus lockdown

The popular chef, whose TV credits include The Great British Menu, Masterchef and his own show, Tom Kerridge's Lose Weight For Good, followed what he called the dopamine diet.

The plan takes a low-carb approach, and he even released a book, "Lose Weight & Get Fit" to detail the diet to others who wanted to follow his transformation.

His diet is based on the idea of increasing levels of dopamine, which is also known as the happy hormone.

This should make it easier to stick to the diet and keep the weight off, rather than making you feel down at all the treats youre missing out on.

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The plan clearly worked for Tom, who cut out alcohol completely, as well as sweet treats - despite being involved in the Great British Bake Off professional series, Bake Off: Crme de la Crme.

He has previously admitted he didnt try any of the delicious bakes on the show, as he luckily wasnt judging so didnt need to taste test any of them.

Instead the dopamine diet permits other foods, including unprocessed meat such as chicken or beef, dairy and even dark chocolate.

Fruits, vegetables, nuts, eggs and omega-3 rich fish such as salmon and mackerel are also mainstays of the happy diet, but caffeine, alcohol and processed sugar are strictly off the menu.

However, its not just his diet that Tom changed in order to drop the weight so drastically.

He also took up exercise, swimming first thing in the morning every day at a hotel pool near his house.

He said hed swim a mile when he has the time, or just a kilometre on busier days.

However, he has spoken out before about how self-conscious he felt stepping into the pool when he first started.

In an interview for Desert Island Discs, he said: Id swim a mile and Id swim it really slowly and I wouldnt give up. Its a big step to get into a swimming pool being that big. Being conscious of your body and worrying about it.

Its not just going to the gym where youve got clothes on, youre just walking around in your pants essentially.

However, he also said it was the best type of exercise because it offers no distractions.

Swimming is very good because you become isolated. No one can talk to you, your phone doesnt ring. Youre on your own.

In an interview this week with The Guardian, Tom was described as looking trim as the reported noted he hadnt put on lockdown weight.

But Tom revealed hed taken up running since the gyms had closed. I havent been able to get to the gym, obviously, and I havent got any free weights at home, so Ive lost a load of strength but Ive taken up running, he told the Guardian. I hate every minute of it. Im not built for running but I try to do 20, maybe 25k a week. I make myself do it and I feel better when its done.

He also said that he used the deep-fat fryer in lockdown to make fish and chips with his son.

But sticking to his diet plan, the healthy chef didnt eat any of the chips - and said he only had a bit of the fish which was made with a very thin batter.

Read more:
Tom Kerridge weight loss: How celebrity chef dropped 12 stone on the happy diet - Express

As Covid-19 continues its spread around the world, with 8,993,659 confirmed cases and 469,587 deaths, the vast majority of the population is taking the advice of scientists deadly seriously. Of course, as with everything nowadays, there is a minority of tin foil hat wearing conspiracy theorists who believe all these deaths are being faked and that Bill Gates and all the worlds scientists are in a giant global conspiracy to kill us all.

The majority of the global population fortunately are still preserving their sanity and continuing to follow the advice of the experts our taxes pay for. Unfortunately, following the advice of scientific experts in their fields seems to be limited to a problem that is threatening our lives in the current moment. When it comes to problems that are not life threatening this week or perhaps next, the majority of humanity is still acting in willful ignorance.

When it comes to the much larger and existential threat posed by the climate crisis and the annihilation of biodiversity, the experts, who are doing their best to warn us of the impending dangers, are being ignored as they have been for the past thirty years. Even those who would categorize themselves as liberals are continuing to bury their heads in the sand.

The gulf between what people say they understand is necessary and what their actions continue to prove otherwise is alarming. It is nowhere more evident than their dietary choices.

As people mock Trump supporters and others who refuse to wear masks or practice social distancing, these same people resolutely refuse to change their diets, even in the face of the biggest threats ever to face our species.

The number of reports being published, warning us that our diets are not only threatening the spread of Covid-19 and other zoonotic diseases, but largely responsible for the climate emergency and also the sixth extinction that is unfolding all around us, grows by the day. But, as people mock Trump supporters and others who refuse to wear masks or practice social distancing, these same people resolutely refuse to change their diets, even in the face of the biggest threats ever to face our species.

Virus researchers are convinced that Covid-19 came from a wet market in Wuhan, China, even if the paranoid wearers of tin are convinced otherwise. The disease is continuing to spread due to the way we treat animals with slaughterhouse workers all around the world testing positive. In Wales, 100 out of 560 workers at a single plant have tested positive, while in Germany, where things were largely under control, 1,300 out of 7,000 employees at a single facility tested positive, forcing all employees and their families into quarantine. This led to the R number in Germany increasing from 1.79 to 2.88 in just 24 hours. In general terms, keeping animals in filthy cramped conditions, feeding them a concoction of antibiotics and growth hormones, and then slaughtering them in even dirtier slaughter houses is a recipe for creating a new disease.

With 75% of new or emerging infectious diseases being zoonotic, meaning they are passed from animal to human, the impetus to change our diets should be clear to everyone. Scientists continue to warn us that humanities destruction of nature is responsible for diseases such as Covid-19. As the population continues to expand, and we continue to clear wild habitat to feed ourselves, we are coming into more and more contact with wild animal populations, putting them and us at risk.

This brings us back to our diets. Eating a diet high in animal protein requires vastly more land than a plant-based diet. Producing 1kg of beef, for example, uses 163 times more land than producing rice, beans or potatoes. To put things into stark context, 70% of formerly forested land in the Amazon is being used to graze cattle and most of the rest is being used to grow soy beans for animals living in the perfect breeding ground for new epidemics, factory farms. In total, around 80% of available arable land is used for livestock farming, yet animal products provide less than 20% of our calories. As much as we try to ignore the voices of the experts, it is getting increasingly difficult. You have to drive your head further and further into the sand with each and every passing day. But, that is what people continue to do. Even those who consider themselves to be open minded liberals. They are anything but when it comes to their dietary choices.

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The World Wildlife Fund (WWF) estimates that 60% of all wildlife lost is due to our meat centric diets, and the United Nations predict that meat consumption will double by 2050. How will nature cope with this demand?

It isnt only land use that is affected by our decision to eat animals. Around a third of all freshwater is given to livestock around the world. This, at a time when aquifers and rivers are beginning to run dry, and one in three humans doesnt have access to safe drinking water.

In their groundbreaking book, Project Drawdown, which focusses on the 100 best solutions to the climate catastrophe, three of the top five solutions are related to food, and all can be related to eating animals.

The climate crisis is also being driven in large part by our addiction to cheap meat. The U.N. states that 18% of all greenhouse gasses are caused by animal agriculture while World Watch reported in 2009 that this figure was inaccurate, and a better estimate is 51%. Whatever this figure actually is, it is likely somewhere in between, and how do we suppose to meet our targets of zero carbon by 2050 with meat consumption projected to double?

These are all questions that we need to honestly address. In their groundbreaking book, Project Drawdown, which focusses on the 100 best solutions to the climate catastrophe, three of the top five solutions are related to food, and all can be related to eating animals. They are reducing food waste, eating more plants and less meat, and restoring tropical forests.

It is impossible to eliminate all food waste, but we could make a start by eating the food that we feed to animals directly. For every kilogram of chicken flesh we consume, we have wasted between 2-5kg of edible food. When it comes to pig flesh, that rises to between 4-9kg and for cows it rises to a staggering 6-25kg of feed. This is hugely inefficient and completely unsustainable. Likewise, the only way we will be able to restore deforested land is by moving to plant-based diets which require significantly less inputs like land, water and fertilizer.

People like to say that eating animals is their right. Granted, this is a fact, just like each of us has the right to walk down the street and perpetuate violence on another person. Any of us could do this right now. Of course, there is likely to be a consequence, probably a police record or jail time. The same is true of eating animals. Yes, it is our right to choose, but this decision doesnt come without consequences. The consequences are continued lockdown, planetary warming, water depletion, mass starvation and the sixth extinction.

When looking at the consequences, a healthy plant-based diet doesnt seem such a bad choice to make.

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The Plant-Based Diet That Our Planet Urgently Needs - Common Dreams

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) reported an estimated 34.2 million cases of diabetes in its National Diabetes Statistics Report for 2020. Diabetes is a medical condition that hampers the pancreas' ability to make or use insulin, which is needed to regulate blood sugar levels. The absence of insulin deprives the cells and tissues of energy, eventually causing the malfunction of the body's tissues.

People with type 1 diabetes have to be given insulin through an injection or pump. According to the CDC, 1.6 million people in the U.S have type 1 diabetes. The statistic comprises of 187,000 children. Though type 1 diabetes is said to affect more children, it can happen to anyone at any age, race and shape.

Those with type 2 diabetes, however, monitor blood glucose levels with mealplan and physical activity. They might need medication atdifferent doses to help them manage blood sugar levels. Depending on the condition, insulin is also given to people with type 2 diabetes to bring blood glucose levels back to normal.

Diabetes, though manageable, is the seventh largest cause of death as of 2017 in the U.S. About 83,564 death certificates mentioned diabetes as the reason behind death. However, 270,702 death certificates stated diabetes as the contributing cause of death in 2017, indicating the people developed complications as a result of diabetes.

Several foods are marketed and tagged as superfood in the food industry, giving people the wrong impression about their capacity to heal. In fact, what they are actually promoting is food with ample vitamins, minerals and antioxidants that enable the normalization of blood glucose levels. By promoting good eating habits, some nourishing food and ingredients help ward off several diseases.

Here is a list of sixsuch superfoods for diabetes-control:

Nuts and Seeds

The options include cashew nuts, peanuts, chia seeds, walnuts, almonds, flaxseeds and pistachios. Since they are filled with healthy fats that are completely absorbed by the body, nuts and seeds thus regulateblood sugar and food intake.Vitamins, minerals, plant protein and fiber make nuts and seeds a balanced snack.

Legumes

Black beans, pinto beans, peas and lentils are some examples of legumes that stabilize blood sugar by helping healthy digestion with the amount of fiber they provide, also preventing the quick absorption of sugar.

Oatmeal

Steel-cut oats do no not have added sugars therefore helping people with type 2 diabetes maintain normal blood sugar levels. Also, oatmeal is a potent source of fiber that helps reach normal A1C levels in people who consume it often.

Tomatoes

Vitamin C found in tomatoes has been shown to bring down elevated blood sugar levels post-meals in people suffering from type 2 diabetes.

Leafy Greens

This list includes spinach, kale, lettuce and Swiss chard among others. As per several studies, these vegetables can possibly lower risk of type 2 diabetes.

Broccoli

Soluble fiber slows down the absorption of blood sugar. Since broccoli is a source of fiber, it prevents risk of increasing blood sugar levels.

Almonds. Steve Buissinne / Pixabay

Read more:
Best Superfoods To Add To Your Diet If You Have Diabetes - Medical Daily

New research points to personalised diets that might actually work.

For decades, nutritionists and scientists have been debating whether weight loss is down to sheer will power and healthiness of diet, or whether maintaining a healthy weight is down to your genes.

Now, researchers at the Australian National Phenome Centre (ANPC) at Murdoch University and partners at Imperial College London have shown that people react differently to being fed exactly the same diet.

Further, in an article in Nature Food, they say that for different people, urine contains different patterns of chemicals suggesting that we each have a unique response to diet.

ANPC director Prof Jeremy Nicholson said even when everyone consumed the same amount of calories, some people excreted more calories in their urine than others.

The interaction between our genes and environment is complex and understanding the relationship between our metabolic response to diet is key to the prevention of chronic conditions such as obesity, heart disease and diabetes, Prof Nicholson, who is also pro vice chancellor of Murdoch Universitys Health Futures Institute, said.

As part of the research, a group of healthy individuals were given four different diets ranging from a healthy diet, containing lots of fruit, vegetables and fibre, to the equivalent of a fast food diet and their metabolism was measured.

"Some individuals were more responsive to diet than others, regardless of whether the diet was healthy or not," Prof Nicholson said.

The metabolic pathways that were activated after each diet were found to be different between people, these differences relating to blood glucose levels.

Several of the chemicals that changed in the urine were generated by gut bacteria, which is consistent with the fact that people have different gut bacteria and that these bacteria can use different foods as fuel.

Premiers Fellow and professor of computational medicine at Murdoch University Prof Elaine Holmes said understanding how the bacteria are impacted by diet at the individual level will help to develop new dietary strategies for maintaining health.

"Based on the metabolic response to the four different diets, we were able to create a model that can predict the healthiness of a persons diet," Prof Holmes said.

"We tested the model in two different populations and compared the chemical profiles to dietary records.

"This model will provide a framework for developing precision nutrition programmes aimed at healthy weight loss or maintenance."

Dr Isabel Garcia-Perez from the department of metabolism, digestion and reproduction at Imperial College London said they were in the process of implementing the tool in dietitian clinics to improve the nutritional management of patients, which would make a real difference.

Prof Gary Frost, the head of nutrition research at Imperial College said it was the first time they had tools to rapidly evaluate the diet-microbiome interactions that affect individual responses to complex diet patterns in the real wood.

Prof Nicholson said given the global importance of both over and under-nutrition in driving chronic disease, any new method that helps to understand response to diet at the individual or population level could be a valuable healthcare tool.

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Body leaves clues to the best diet - Otago Daily Times

People with undiagnosed symptoms should consider that they may have a vitamin B12 deficiency.

While it's unlikely that your symptoms are caused by the condition, there are still many people that have a lack of B12.

A quick blood test could reveal whether you should be adding more B12 to your diet.

You could be at risk of a vitamin B12 deficiency if you develop unexplained pins and needles.

READ MORE: Vitamin B12 deficiency symptoms - your mouth could show your lack of B12

"As well as the symptoms of anaemia, vitamin B12 deficiency may cause symptoms related to your nerves," it said.

"This is called vitamin B12 neuropathy. It may affect your movement and sensation, especially in your legs, cause numbness or pins and needles and decrease your sensitivity to touch, vibration or pain.

"It can also cause confusion, depression, poor concentration and forgetfulness symptoms that can mimic dementia.

"These symptoms aren't always due to vitamin B12 deficiency anaemia, but if you have them see your GP."

Meanwhile, you could also be at risk of a vitamin B12 deficiency if you develop a sharp, stabbing pains in the palm of your hands.

The pain tends to occur suddenly, without any prior warning.

It usually affects the spot just below the ring finger, around where the palm crease lies, it said.

Left untreated, this pain can start to move toward the outside edge of the hand, stemming from the wrist.

Other, more common warning signs of a vitamin B12 deficiency include tiredness, jaundice, and feeling dizzy.

You should speak to a doctor if youre worried about vitamin B12 deficiency symptoms.

But you can top up on the vitamin by eating certain foods.

The best sources of vitamin B12 include beef, liver, dairy foods, eggs, and salmon.

See more here:
Vitamin B12 deficiency - the strange feeling in your feet that you should never ignore - Express

Netflixs web series Santa Clarita Diet received so much positive response that Netflix further released two more seasons. This genre-bend comedy show is the brainchild of Victor Fresco. Added to this, Drew Barrymore and Timothy Olyphants flawless acting make it fun to watch. Continue reading to get all the details about Santa Clarita Season 4.

Season 1 of Santa Clarita Diet released in February 2017. In the next two seasons, it was aired in March 2018 and March 2019, respectively. The shows humor never fails to impress. That is why the audience was eagerly waiting for Season 4. But in April 2019, Netflix announced that the show is canceled. Thus, all our dreams for a new season were shattered.

However, the shows creator, Victor, said that they are looking for other options. He showed his gratitude towards Netflix for being a wonderful studio. But, there are no signs whatsoever for Santa Clarita Diet Season 4. So, fans have to wait a little longer for a release date.

There are no new updates about the cast. But we are assuming the original cast will come back. So we will be witnessing more of :

The plot follows the story of the Hammond family. The family includes Sheila and Joel and their daughter Abby. The seemingly normal family has a hidden truth. Sheila Hammond happens to be a flesh-eating zombie. It appears gross at first, but then it is full of humor and satire.

The story sounds to be of the horror genre but is actually full of comedy. In the season, we saw Ball Legs crawling in Joels ear to kill him. To keep Joel alive, Sheila bit him and turned Joel into a zombie. Next season will witness Joels journey as a zombie.

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Netflix canceled the twisted comedy show Santa Clarita Diet Season 4: What is the reason? - Next Alerts

A new study exploring the personalities and body mass of vegetarians and vegans found that they differ in notable ways, on average, when compared to that of meat-eaters. In addition to often having lower BMIs compared to their meat-eating counterparts, the study found that vegetarians are also more likely to have different personality traits, especially when it comes to the world of introverts and extroverts.

The research comes from the Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, where a large study used data on around 9,000 people to look into diet composition, personality, and body mass. As youd likely expect, vegetarians and vegans were found to have lower BMIs compared to meat-eaters, the reasons likely being due to a combination of eating less processed foods and getting more fiber in their diets.

When it comes to body weight, the study found that people who eat secondary animal products like eggs and butter are almost more likely to have lower BMIs compared to people who eat primary animal products like fish and chicken.

As well, the study found key personality differences in people who are vegetarian and vegan compared to people who eat meat namely, they are more likely to be introverts. The reasons for this arent at all clear, but the researchers speculate that it could be due to anything from having fewer socialization opportunities because of their diet to things like introverts having more restrictive eating habits overall.

Meanwhile, the study was not able to find a link between a lack of animal products in ones diet and issues with depression or neuroticism, both of which have been implicated in past studies. This may be due to the general acceptance and increased adoption of plant-based diets, which has resulted in a large selection of vegetarians who may be eating this type of diet for different reasons compared to older generations.

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Father's Day 2020: Learn why protein is very important for our dads and check out some ways to help them fulfil the protein needs right here.

When you hear the name protein you automatically tend to think of muscular arms, bulked up bodies, you associate protein with young people who want to gain muscles. But protein is not just for body-builders, no matter what your age or gender your body needs a sufficient amount of protein, as they are the main component of our cells and hence are essential for our bodies. While its true that your protein consumption differs from body to body, it becomes increasingly more important for your body as you age.

Plenty of studies show that the bodies of older adults may not be able to utilize protein as expertly as their younger counterparts hence require much more protein. As we age we tend to lose our muscle mass especially women over 40 who tend to lose muscle twice as fast as men. Hence even a healthy older individual would require more protein to retain their muscle mass and a reduced protein intake would lead to them losing muscle mass faster hence gaining more weight.

Here are a few main reasons as to why it is important for 40+ individuals to have a High Protein Diet:

-Proteins are a macronutrient and are hence essentials for the normal functioning of the body

-They make up to 10%-13% of our the energy our body requires on a daily basis

-For Balance and Agility

-It is used to build and maintain muscles and bones

-A good protein diet is also associated with improving sleep and mood

-A protein deficiency is associated with an impaired immune system and a higher risk of infections

Several studies show that older adults tend to have less protein than what is required by their bodies. Proteins are made up of amino acids and that is a group of nine amino acids that our bodies cannot produce and can only be obtained from the diet. Hence a high-protein diet is important in order to satiate your body of the required need for essential amino acids.

This Fathers Day, give your father the gift of gains by helping your father achieve that daily dose of protein. Heres how you can achieve this:

Treat him to Breakfast in bed with some light & healthy protein pancakes with bananas and protein powder.

Cook him a meal made of chicken and eggs, which are two of the highest sources of protein containing various essential amino acids.

Bake him a healthy protein-loaded cake using whey protein, peanut butter and nuts.

You can give him a food hamper full of things that are rich in protein for example, assorted nuts and seeds, protein bars, whey protein along with a shaker to get them in the habit of consuming protein shakes regularly.

It is necessary to incorporate more than two sources daily in your diet for a good boost of protein every day.

By Ravi Rohra, Co-founder of Scitron, a Protein Supplement brand.

ALSO READ: Happy Father's Day 2020: Prepare THESE easy & yummy dishes for your daddy dearest

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Father's Day 2020: Why 40 plus year old dads need to have a high protein diet? - PINKVILLA

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