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Kelly Ripa joined in on this week's "Throwback Thursday" on social media, sharing a photo of herself rocking a swimsuit in 2018, under the darkest of dark clouds. "#tbt 2018 ignores approaching storm #bahamas," she captioned the photo, tagging her husband, Riverdale actor Mark Consuelos (@instasuelos). ("Of course you did. You are a storm yourself," joked Dondre T. Whitfield in the comments.) While a lot has changed in the last three years, the 50-year-old host of Live with Kelly and Ryan still looks just as amazing as she did in the photo taken in the tropics. So how does she manage to remain one of the fittest females on television? Here are 5 of the workout and diet secrets she's told others, and the photos that prove they work.

Ripa claims that the alkaline dietabout balancing the pH levels in your body"changed her life," but she isn't exactly strict with it. "I like to drink coffee. I occasionally will have fish. The alkaline diet is primarily a vegan diet, but I like cream in my coffee," Ripa told People. "So I don't adhere to it strictly, but when I do a cleanse, it will be seven days, and then I go back to my normal life. But my normal life is not that different than the alkaline cleanse." During an interview with Good Housekeeping she revealed that she eats "a ton of vegetables" at dinner paired with a salad, soup, or a light piece of fish. "I try not to have too much cheese or too many high-fat foods, even though I love them," she added. "I would love nothing more than to have pizza and french fries every day, but I try to limit those treats to once a week."

Ripa told Bon Apptit that she puts off her first meal of the day until after work. "I never eat breakfast until after the show. I can't seem to focus my mind if my stomach is digesting," she said. "At the host chat desk, I'll have a triple shot skim latte I find that if I eat beforehand, I'm just making digesting sounds."

In January 2020, Ripa revealed during an episode of Live With Kelly and Ryan that she quit drinking in 2017. "They're saying that Americans bought less wine last year. It's the first drop in a quarter of a century. Now, I believe this is because I quit drinking, that I caused this dip. I have influenced the market," she joked.

Ripa refuses to skip a workout. "I work out seven days a week," she told In the Know. "And I try to workout an hour and a half a day, no matter what whether I'm working or not. If I'm working, maybe I'll start it a little bit later or a little bit earlier, depending on what day of the week it is. But I am very religious about my fitness."

Ripa has been working out with celebrity trainer Anna Kaiser for several years, using her AKT method which combines toning, interval, circuit and dance-based workouts. "You light the world up around you and make everyone who is lucky enough to know you a better version of him/herself," Kaiser wrote to Ripa for her birthday last year, captioning this Instagram photo. "You are kind, passionate, and generous BEYOND words no one knows how much you give back, anonymously, to make this world a better place. Everyday is better with you in it and I am so excited to enter another decade of adventures with you!!!"

Excerpt from:
Kelly Ripa in Swimsuit Throwback Reminds Us She's Fearless | Eat This Not That - Eat This, Not That

The relationship between psychosocial stress and CHD seems to be stronger in women than in men. It may also vary depending on the type of stress or stressor.

However, it is unclear how different types of psychosocial stress impact womens risk of developing CHD.

For this reason, a research team from Drexel University Dornsife School of Public Health in Philadelphia, PA, decided to investigate the association of psychosocial stressors including job strain, stressful life events, and social strain with the incidence of CHD in women.

They combed through the data collected as part of the Womens Health Initiative Observational Study (WHIOS), to assess the independent and combined impact of stressful life events, social relationships, and paid work.

Their findings, which appear in the Journal of the American Heart Association, indicate that work and social strain seem to pack a double punch, increasing womens risk of developing CHD by 21%.

Stressful life events and social strain, that is, the negative aspects of social interactions or relationships, also increased womens risk of developing CHD by 12% and 9%, respectively.

Our findings are a critical reminder to women, and those who care about them, that the threat of stress to human health should not go ignored, says Dr. Conglong Wang, the studys lead author. This is particularly pertinent during the stressors caused by a pandemic.

If true, these findings could shift the focus of preventing CHD in women from managing current stress to finding ways to prevent stress at the source.

It would also serve as a serious reminder that stress is a major threat to human beings, women in particular, and that this threat must be addressed promptly and properly.

Over the past few years, several major studies have established that psychosocial stress from different aspects of life may impact the risk of developing CHD.

This is likely because psychosocial stress can disrupt homeostasis the optimal internal functioning of organs and their systems which can lead to an illness.

As a result, stress can intensify cardiovascular inflammation and reactivity, resulting in metabolic changes that increase the risk of developing CHD.

Psychosocial stress is also linked with behavioral patterns such as alcohol consumption, smoking, or being physically inactive. Certain medical conditions, including diabetes and hypertension, affect the risk of CHD as well.

Stress may impact men and women differently. The findings from a few studies indicate that the link between psychosocial stress and CHD may be stronger in women than in men.

In one study, women were more likely than men to document high average stress levels and associated emotional and physical symptoms, including exhaustion and depression.

Another study found that women may be exposed to psychological stressors that men experience less commonly.

However, scientists still do not know how different stressors influence womens risk of having CHD. It is therefore unclear which stressors affect the risk of developing this condition the most.

This makes it difficult for healthcare professionals to advise women on the best ways to reduce their likelihood of developing CHD. It also means women cannot be sure which stressors are most important to address to keep CHD at bay.

In the new study, the research team analyzed data collected as part of the WHIOS, an initiative aimed at finding better ways to prevent heart disease, cancer, and osteoporosis in women.

The scientists analyzed data from 80,825 women living in a diverse array of states across the United States that had experienced menopause.

Participants were aged 5079 when the WHIOS started tracking them, and the average time women were tracked was 14 years and 7 months. Women assessed stressors in the WHIOS using self-reporting questionnaires.

After adjusting for variables such as job tenure, socioeconomic factors, age, and additional stressors, the researchers found a high stressful life events score increased the risk of developing CHD by 12%, and high social strain by 9%.

The team also noted that the impact of work and social strain seem to work synergistically, increasing womens CHD risk by 21%. Job strain alone was not linked with a higher CHD risk.

These findings could have important implications for how healthcare professionals and women themselves decide to best tackle stress to reduce their CHD risk.

It is of note that a disproportionately large number of participants in the study were white and held more than a high school diploma. The teams findings may also be impacted by the healthy worker bias, according to which people who are less healthy are more likely to be unemployed.

Moreover, the team did not take into account other important compounding factors, such as working hours and social support systems, which are associated with CHD.

Also, the scientists only focused on the impact of stress related to a persons most recent or current job, ignoring the change of jobs throughout life.

The researchers write that more studies are necessary to determine the impact of job demands as they align with sex.

A persons sex and socioeconomic status may also affect their ability to manage stress. That is why future studies will also have to identify subgroups of people that are more likely to benefit from preventative stress interventions than others.

However, these new findings help fuel the need for more advanced, diverse research exploring the link between stress, heart disease, and sex or gender.

They may also encourage healthcare professionals and women alike to reconsider their best options for reducing their CHD risk and improving overall health.

The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted ongoing stresses for women in balancing paid work and social stressors. We know from other studies that work strain may play a role in developing CHD, but now, we can better pinpoint the combined impact of stress at work and at home on these poor health outcomes.

Dr. Yvonne Michael, senior author and associate professor in the Dornsife School of Public Health

My hope is that these findings are a call for better methods of monitoring stress in the workplace and remind us of the dual burden working women face as a result of their unpaid work as caregivers at home.

See the rest here:
How stress impacts women's heart health - Medical News Today

Potassium is a mineral and an electrolyte that the body requires to support key processes. It is one of the seven essential macrominerals and plays a role in the function of the kidneys. Having too much or too little potassium can result in complications that affect the kidneys.

Potassium plays a key role in a number of bodily processes, including nerve transmission, heart contractility, cellular transport, and normal kidney function. It is important that people get sufficient potassium from the diet, as an imbalance can cause problems in the body.

In this article, we look at the association between potassium and kidney health. We also explain how people with chronic kidney disease (CKD) can manage their dietary needs for better health.

The kidneys are bean shaped organs that are extremely important in removing waste and maintaining a healthy balance of water, salts, and minerals, such as potassium, in the blood. Without this balance, nerves, muscles, and other tissues in the body may not work normally.

CKD is a condition that causes the loss of normal kidney function. People with diabetes or high blood pressure have a higher risk of CKD. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) estimate that this condition affects 15% of adults in the United States.

CKD can get worse over time, but people may be able to manage it by adhering to a healthy lifestyle and getting proper treatment for any underlying conditions.

If CKD does not improve, it can result in kidney damage, which can affect how well the kidneys manage potassium. People with very severe CKD may require a kidney transplant or dialysis.

Under normal conditions, the kidneys respond to hormones in the body to maintain a normal amount of potassium in the body. The National Institutes of Health (NIH) state that the standard amount of potassium in the blood typically ranges from 3.6 to 5.0 millimoles per liter.

In people with CKD, the improperly functioning kidneys lose the ability to filter fluids and electrolytes in the body, which can lead to dangerously high levels of potassium in the blood. Hyperkalemia is the medical term for excessively high levels of potassium.

A doctor can diagnose hyperkalemia with a blood test, and they may also order an electrocardiogram to make sure that the heart is working properly.

Hyperkalemia may not produce symptoms for some people. However, potassium levels of 6.57.0 milliequivalents per liter or higher can cause serious symptoms, including:

Other possible causes of hyperkalemia besides CKD include diabetes, trauma, rhabdomyolysis, medication use, and excessive potassium intake.

To treat hyperkalemia, a doctor may recommend eating a diet with lower potassium levels or changing medications. In cases of severe hyperkalemia, they might prescribe medication to treat it.

Just as potassium levels in the body can get too high, they can also drop too low, which doctors refer to as hypokalemia. Hypokalemia is typically due to another underlying medical illness that a doctor must diagnose.

Possible causes of hypokalemia include:

Symptoms of hypokalemia may include:

A doctor can diagnose hypokalemia using blood and urine tests. They will treat it by addressing the underlying cause, as well as replenishing potassium and fluids.

For adults, the World Health Organization (WHO) recommends a potassium intake of at least 3,510 milligrams (mg) per day, while the NIH suggests a daily intake of 2,600 mg for females and 3,400 mg for males.

In people with moderate-to-severe CKD, doctors may recommend a potassium-restricted diet of roughly 2,000 mg per day. A dietitian can advise on the specific level of restriction. People with CKD may wish to consider avoiding or limiting the consumption of high potassium foods.

Other ways to manage dietary potassium include:

When dining out, people can take steps to avoid eating too much potassium. For instance, they can choose restaurants with suitable options on the menus and even call ahead to request special dietary alterations to their preferred meal option. They can also pay close attention to their diet throughout the rest of the day.

Some examples of low potassium foods include:

High potassium foods include:

Some individuals with CKD may find it challenging to plan meals because so many foods have high levels of potassium. However, there is a method called leaching that can lower the amount of potassium in some foods.

People can leach vegetables by cutting them and soaking them for a few hours in warm unsalted water. They can then drain the water and wash the vegetables using warm water. If they wish to cook the vegetables, they should use unsalted water.

If a person with CKD does decide to consume a meal high in potassium, it is important to try to cut down on the serving size.

Limiting potassium intake helps people with CKD lower their risk of worsening disease.

A person with CKD may be less tolerant of high sodium levels in their body. A high sodium diet can cause a large amount of fluid in the body, which can result in symptoms of swelling or shortness of breath. Doctors typically use drugs called diuretics to treat these symptoms.

People with CKD also tend to retain more hydrogen in their body.

In the body, hydrogen ions act as acids. If the kidneys are not working properly, there will be higher levels of hydrogen ions in the body. Doctors refer to this as metabolic acidosis. Individuals with metabolic acidosis may require bicarbonate supplements.

The inability of the kidneys to filter blood effectively can result in higher levels of phosphate and lower levels of calcium. This imbalance can cause bone weakness and increase the risk of heart disease and stroke.

Chronic kidney disease makes it difficult for the kidneys to function properly, and this can cause problems in the levels of nutrients, such as potassium, in the body. An imbalance of potassium in the body can cause complications relating to the muscles and the heart.

It is important for people with CKD to have regular checkups with their doctor and a dietitian to manage their potassium levels and appropriately take care of their health.

Continue reading here:
What is the link between kidney disease and potassium? - Medical News Today

Martin Luther was a "pioneering figure," says 58-year-old clergywoman Jutta Herbert, pointing to his theology, his focus on the Bible, his steadfastness, the emphasis on education. All of this, she tells DW, has had a huge influence on who she is.

Jutta Herbert encounters the reformer most days. This is hardly surprising: After all, she is the dean of Germany's Protestant Protestant church in the south-western region off Worms-Wonnegau.

And the city of Worms provides the backdrop for one of the biggest Luther monuments in the world.

Clergywoman Jutta Herbert in Worms sees Martin Luther as a pioneer

That, too, is no coincidence because it was in here in Worms that, 500 years ago, Luther who had as a monk long been fiercelycritical of the Catholic church's leadership in Rome went head-to-head with Emperor Charles V.

Their showdown in April 1521would later be seen as one of the decisive steps in what became known as the Protestant reformation.

Three and a half years earlier, Luther had shaken the Christian world when he published his famous Ninety-five Theses in the town of Wittenberg.

Already a well-known figure in the German-speaking world, he met with jubilation as he made his way from Wittenberg to Worms, further south. Contemporary sources report that he was accompanied by "a cheering crowd."

Now, once again,there is a celebration in the city of Worms as it marks the 500th anniversary and this very special weekend. However, in the treacherous times of COVID-19, little remains of a commemorative program that had so meticulously been put together.

On Friday, a special digital ceremony was held and attended via videolink by Germany's PresidentFrank-Walter Steinmeier, himself a committed Protestant. And on Sunday a church service will be streamed live from Worms. Also, a multimedia show, "The Luther Moment," will be broadcast on German TV from the central market square, projecting the dramatic events of five centuries ago onto a church wall. There will, however, be no live audience of thousands as had been eagerly anticipated.

Jutta Herbert is dismayed by how things have turned out. But she hopes that some of the commemorative events and encounters will still take place later in the year.

The Romanesque St Peter cathedral in Worms

The theologian has been based in Worms for decades and is well aware of the great significance of the Diet of Worms: "Even in ordinary years, we're regularly approached by groups and individuals from outside Germany." Many of them, she adds, had especially been looking forward to this historic 500th anniversary.

A major exhibition called "Here I stand. Conscience and Protest 1521 to 2021" has been postponed for three months and is now set to open its doors in July.

The motto of the show clearly illustrates what it was all about 500 years ago. Luther (37) was determined to defend his new theology in the presence of the Catholic Emperor Charles V (21).

Luther, who had been excommunicated by the Church in the spring of 1521 for his theses, insisted that he could not go against his conscience and recant his views. His actual words were "God help me, Amen!" In the days that followed, Luther went into hiding in the legendary Wartburg castle in Thuringia.

From here on, the Reformation the division between Luther and his supporters on the one side and the Catholic Church on the other could not be stopped.

And now, 500 years on? How successful is the ecumenical movement that aims to build bridges between the two main branches of the Christian church in today's Germany?

Taking Worms as an example, the latest figures from March this year show that the city has a population of just under 85,000. Of that number, 28.3% are Lutheran Protestants, while 23.4% are Catholics. Jutta Herbert insists that Worms is not only a Luther city but also a cathedral city. That is: it is both Protest and Catholic.

"Here in Worms, Catholics and Lutherans work very closely together," says Herbert, who speaks of "tried-and-tested cooperation." Never before have ecumenical considerations been so central to commemorative events marking the historic days of 1521. Among the speakers during the main ceremony, Steinmeier will also be joined by the head of Germany's Lutheran Protestant church, Heinrich Bedford-Strohm alongside the Catholic Bishop of Mainz, Peter Kohlgraf.

The famous Luther Monument (Lutherdenkmal) was erected in Worms in 1968

Jutta Herbert points out that in the summer months a midday ecumenical service takes place in the cathedral every Saturday. What is more, local charities like the hospice movement and groupshelpingthe homeless are coordinated ecumenically between the two churches.

Herbert is convinced that grass-roots Christians are happy to work together: "We've made a lot of progress. And we should avoid focusing too much on what divides us." Sunday will see a special ecumenical service in the cathedral.

Jutta Herbert's Catholic counterpart, Dean Tobias Schfer, believes that the city has a specific ecumenical character: "Because of its history, the city of Worms has an ecumenical obligation," Schfer told DW. He also remembers the same ceremony back in 1971 as being the first to have an ecumenical character. A special initiative was launched jointly by Protestants and Catholics," he reports: The "Worms Memorandum" called for Luther's excommunication to be rescinded. It was sent as a letter to Pope Paul VI. But just a short while later, the proposal was dismissed in a firm but friendly response from a senior cardinal.

The Catholic clergyman Tobias Schfer says that since 1971 the ecumenical movement has had a growing impact in the city. Jutta Herbert agrees, noting that, "fifty or sixty years ago, an image of Luther in the cathedral would have been unthinkable." For more than three decades now, a window in the cathedral's St. Anne's Chapel that depicts key episodes in the history of Worms has also included a depiction of Luther's appearance before Charles V. "In the past 500 years," says Jutta Herbert, "a lot has happened." Especially, she adds, "in the last fifty."

This article has been translated from German.

While you're here: Every Tuesday, DW editors round up what is happening in German politics and society, with an eye toward understanding this year's elections and beyond. You can sign up here for the weekly email newsletter Berlin Briefing, to stay on top of developments asGermany enters the post-Merkel era.

Originally posted here:
500 years after Luther and the Diet of Worms the ecumenical movement is strong - DW (English)

UNIVERSITY PARK, Pa. Supplementation of cocoa powder in the diet of high-fat-fed mice with liver disease markedly reduced the severity of their condition, according to a new study by Penn State researchers, who suggest the results have implications for people.

Cocoa powder, a popular food ingredient most commonly used in the production of chocolate, is rich in fiber, iron and phytochemicals reported to have positive health benefits, including antioxidant polyphenols and methylxanthines, noted study leader Joshua Lambert, professor of food science in the College of Agricultural Sciences.

While it is typically considered an indulgence food because of its high sugar and fat content, epidemiological and human-intervention studies have suggested that chocolate consumption is associated with reduced risk of cardio-metabolic diseases including stroke, coronary heart disease and Type 2 diabetes, Lambert said. So, it made sense to investigate whether cocoa consumption had an effect on non-alcohol-related fatty liver disease, which is commonly associated with human obesity.

This study has several strengths, Lambert explained. It used a commercially available cocoa product at a physiologically achievable dose meaning its equivalent could be duplicated by humans. Doing the calculations, for people it works out to about 10 tablespoons of cocoa powder a day, he said. Or, if you follow the directions on the Hersheys box of cocoa powder, thats about five cups of hot cocoa a day.

This photo shows three forms of cocoa beans, cocoa powder and chocolate.Cocoa powder, a popular food ingredient most commonly used in the production of chocolate, is rich in fiber, iron and phytochemicals reported to have positive health benefits, including antioxidant polyphenols and methylxanthines.

The high-fat-fed mouse is a well-established, diet-induced model of obesity, Lambert added. By waiting until mice were already obese before beginning cocoa treatment, researchers were able to test the protective effects of cocoa in a model that better simulates the current public health situation related to non-alcohol-related fatty liver disease.

Thats important, Lambert pointed out, because a significant proportion of the worlds population has preexisting obesity and non-alcohol-related fatty liver disease. Given the high proportion of people in the United States and other parts of the world with obesity, there is a need to develop potentially effective dietary interventions rather than just preventive agents, he said.

For this study, researchers examined changes in fatty liver disease, markers of oxidative stress, antioxidant response and cell damage in high-fat-fed obese mice treated with a diet supplemented with 80 mg cocoa powder per gram of food roughly a pinch per quarter teaspoon for eight weeks.

In findings recently published in The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry, the researchers reported that cocoa-treated mice gained weight at a 21% lower rate and had smaller spleen weights indicating less inflammation than the high-fat-fed control mice. At the end of the study, mice fed the cocoa-powder-supplemented diet had 28% less fat in their livers than the control mice. Cocoa-treated mice also had 56% lower levels of oxidative stress and 75% lower levels of DNA damage in the liver compared to high-fat-fed control mice.

The mechanisms by which cocoa imparts health benefits are not well understood, but previous studies in Lamberts lab showed that extracts from cocoa and some of the chemicals in cocoa powder can inhibit the enzymes that are responsible for digesting dietary fat and carbohydrate.

The mice in the study consumed cocoa powder and not chocolate like this rat; however, according to lead researcher Joshua Lambert, epidemiological and human-intervention studies have suggested that chocolate consumption is associated with reduced risk of cardio-metabolic diseases including stroke, coronary heart disease and Type 2 diabetes.

The result, he proposes, is that when mice get cocoa as part of their diet, these compounds in the cocoa powder prevent the digestion of dietary fat. When it cant be absorbed, the fat passes through their digestive systems. A similar process may occur with cocoa in humans, he hypothesizes.

In view of this new information about cocoa powder, Lambert is not recommending that obese people or anyone simply add five cups of hot cocoa to their daily routine and change nothing else in their diet. But he does advise, based on what he has learned in this study, to consider substituting cocoa for other foods, particularly high-calorie snack foods.

This exchange is potentially beneficial, especially in combination with a healthy overall diet and increased physical activity, he said. If you go to the gym and work out, and your reward is you go home and have a cup of cocoa, that may be something that helps get you off the couch and moving around.

Also involved in the research were Mingyao Sun, Yeyi Gu and Shannon Glisan, former graduate students in the Department of Food Science.

The research received technical support from the Penn State Genomics Core Facility and the Penn State Laboratory Animal Program. The National Institutes of Health, the U.S. Department of Agriculture and the Silvio and Edith Crespo Faculty Award partially funded this research. Blommer Chocolate Co., East Greenville, Pennsylvania, provided a gift of cocoa powder for the research.

See more here:
Dietary cocoa improves health of obese mice; likely has implications for humans | Penn State University - Penn State News

Weve all been engaging in a global CO2 emissions experiment. It doesnt have to endSean Gallup/Getty Images

Are we done with being at home?

Weve explored every cranny and mended every drape in our houses and apartments. And now with a few more degrees of warmth in the air and the rising possibility of a shot or two in our arms, many of us are thinking about the open road.

But before your finger actually hits the buy button on that online reservation, it might be worth taking a pause and considering what staying home has done for the planet. In spite of all of its miseries 2020 was the year our country finally went on a climate diet, cutting its CO2 emissions by a significant ten percent. Of course, no one would want to repeat this harrowing experiment. But we cant deny that climate-impactful behavior changes took place in 2020.

And the world desperately needs the US to continue that diet. Every year the average American puts five times the greenhouse gasses into the atmosphere as a citizen of slim, trim France, and more than ten times the amount as a resident of India. And so, as a kind of normal returns, its worthwhile to look back at the most powerful changes we made; changes that could be maintained without derailing the things we like best about our lives and our country.

Its worthwhile to look back at the most powerful changes we made; changes that could be maintained without derailing the things we like best about our lives and our country.

We stayed off of airplanes and this was certainly a factor in tamping down our emissions. Just one roundtrip from New York to London results in at least a ton of CO2 per person per flight. Thats the emissions equivalent of an individual in much of the developing world for an entire year. All that flying adds up. A 2018 study in the journal Nature reported that pre-pandemic tourism accounted for about 8 percent of global greenhouse gas emissions. A family of four could, for the same price as flying roundtrip abroad, swap out two of the biggest carbon offenders in their home (gas ranges and clothes dryers) for hyper efficient smart electric models. Skip a few more international trips and that same family could replace their carbon-belching fossil fuel heating system with a vastly more efficient heat pump.

Americans made fewer trips to the supermarket buying more food per trip and more frozen food than ever before. This was a significant climate savings not only because of the decreased driving to and from the store but also because frozen food costs the planet much less than fresh. Fast-spoiling fresh food can be extremely carbon costly because it often travels to us by airplane. One study in the UK found that while only 1.5% of fruit and vegetables in that country were carried by air flying food accounted for 40% of the total CO2 emitted during the transport of produce for the entire nation. Frozen food meanwhile is almost never flown. Usually its sent via ship a transport method that is orders of magnitude more carbon efficient.

Not only did we make fewer trips to the grocery store, we made fewer trips to our jobs. This was key because the space between home and work is the hole into which we pour the greatest portion of our fossil fuels. According to the Brookings Institution, pre-pandemic, 76% of Americans drove to work alone every working day, and, indeed, commuting is the main reason most of us own a car in the first place. But as were now well aware, working from home is fully possible and, in fact, can lead to marked improvements in productivity. That said, as the digital life critic Brian Solis put it working remotely during a crisis is not the same as working from home. . .This is a herculean endeavor, often without a dedicated support network. If the Biden administration does indeed push through a massive infrastructure package, we need to rebuild with this idea in mind. Smaller office spaces, fewer days at work, fewer miles burned on our crumbling highways should be the norm going forward. But so should a childcare benefit for those who choose to skip the commute.

Applications for marriage licenses in the New York area alone fell 60 percent during the pandemic and the couples that did marry tended to have what the matrimony industry is now calling cozy weddings fewer attendees and hardly any out-of-town guests. This couldnt have come a moment too soon. Pre-pandemic there were around 2 million weddings every year in the United States and fed by Instagram bridezillas and groomensteins the average carbon cost of those ever-expanding weddings ballooned to more than 62 tons of emissions per event. Surely when embarking on an institution that thrives on selflessness a little bit of that same sentiment, directed to the planet is a good idea.

If you thought a wedding was bad for a climate diet, try a conference. Though its hard to put a hard number on it all the industry tracker ConferenceHound.com estimates 40 million Americans attended conferences in 2019 with a per person emissions cost of more than 400 pounds of CO2 per person per day. Change that all to virtual as we did in 2020 and around 90% of those emissions go away according to green events consultant Shawna McKinley. Undoubtedly, there are benefits to human-to-human contact, but maybe the in-person conference should be the exception and not the rule?

The one point of exuberance for many Americans in their locked down year was the stock market. Not only did the overall value of the market improbably rise, some of us began to deliberately play with it (c.f. GameStop). But the stock market can and should be much more than a game. It should be a real tool for focusing the attention of the country on the prospects for our future. In this we need to be deadly serious. Turning to mutual funds and ETFs that specifically focus on low and zero emissions infrastructure would send a positive signal to investors everywhere. And, if the online pranksters want to monkey around with stock prices, perhaps they should consider the fact that as solar and wind costs continue to dip below the production cost of fossil fuels, Americas top five investment banks which today have put more money into the expansion of oil and gas than any other industry on the planet, are in serious risk of stranding their assets. Anybody on Reddit game for shorting J.P. Morgan Chase?

For much of the pandemical year the rallying call for climate action was that change could only be achieved at the ballot box. In this respect 2020 was a resounding success with a climate-forward agenda now sitting squarely on the Resolute Desk. But climate change is as much a local issue as it is a national one. Local municipalities cant regulate the fuel efficiency of cars, make treaties or borrow money the way governments needed to build massive green infrastructures. But they can decide how streets are used or what energy efficiency standards buildings will have. This is particularly consequential in a place like New York where 70% of emissions come from buildings. We need to continue to apply pressure at the ballot box and bring our climate-forward enthusiasm to state, city, town and even school board elections.

Will all of this add up to a nation that chooses to stay in voluntarily? Will we actually maintain our climate diet? We dont know yet. Diets have a way of failing. But if were looking for a place where we can live well for ourselves and live well for the planet, theres no place like home.

Find more tips in my new book The Climate Diet.

See original here:
7 Things We Can Keep Doing for the Climate After the Pandemic - medium.com

By Jocelyn KaiserApr. 1, 2021 , 10:10 AM

When New York City medical oncologist Vicky Makker meets a patient with endometrial cancer that has spread or recurred, she knows the outlook isnt good. Even after radiation and drug treatments, most women with advanced disease die within 5 years.

But this spring, Makker is helping launch two clinical trials she hopes will change the picture. The drug patients will receive, called a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor, has already failed in multiple cancer trials. But the new studies are taking an unconventional tack to resurrect the drug: putting patients on a ketogenic diet, a low-carbohydrate regimen that typically involves loads of meat, cheese, eggs, and vegetables. The researchers hope the diet will render tumors more vulnerable to the drug, which blocks a growth-promoting pathway in cells. Its very outside of the mainstream thinking, says Makker, a researcher at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center.

The trials are the brainchild of cell metabolism researcher Lewis Cantley of Weill Cornell Medicine (WCM). Decades ago, he discovered the PI3K signaling pathway, which the drugs aim to target. More recently, his lab showed in mice that a ketogenic diet can counter tumors resistance to those drugs.

Cantley isnt the first to suggest that a particular diet, such as fasting or selectively reducing certain nutrients, can make cancer treatments work better. For at least a century, doctors and self-styled nutrition experts have touted the idea in bestselling books and, more recently, on popular websites. Theres a big industry there, but its not based on a real understanding of whats going on in a tumor cell, says cancer biologist Karen Vousden of the Francis Crick Institute in London. Still, some early clinical trials showed hints of an effect. Now, studies from high-profile labs are spawning a new wave of trials with more rigorous underpinnings.

Scientists including Vousden, who cofounded a company with Cantley to test diet-drug combinations in cancer trials, are unraveling the molecular pathways by which slashing calories or removing a dietary component can bolster the effects of drugs. In mice with cancer, the effects are oftentimes on the same order of magnitude as those from the drugs that we give patients. Thats a powerful thing to think about, says physician-scientist Matthew Vander Heiden of the Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute. And the idea appeals to patients, he adds. Diet is something that people feel like they can control.

Still, compelling resultsin patients will be needed to overcome some oncologists view of special diets as fringy alternative medicine. The doubts often focus on a pioneer in the field, biochemist Valter Longo of the University of Southern California and the Italian Foundation for Cancer Researchs Institute of Molecular Oncology, who has built a huge popular following with his fasting research. Critics worry the media attention encourages cancer patients to diet without adequate evidence. Longo agrees patients should not improvise and says fasting needs more clinical testing.

His labs in Los Angeles and Milan are full of hungry mice. Longo began his career studying caloric restriction, which can extend the life spans of diverse species and has been shown to reduce the incidence of cancer in rodents and monkeys. Because few people can stay on low-calorie diets in the long term, Longo shifted his focus to fasting, a treatment offered for various ailments as far back as ancient Greece. In two key papers in 2008 and 2012, his team reported that reducing nutrients in the medium used to grow cells in a dish protected normal cells from the toxic effects of chemotherapy drugs such as cyclophosphamide and doxorubicin, yet made cancer cells more likely to die. In mice with cancer, fastingdrinking only water for 2 or 3 dayshelped the drugs curb tumor growth and boosted the animals survival.

Longos explanation is that fasting, which lowers levels of glucose in the blood, causes healthy cells to hunker down in a protective mode. But cancer cells need to keep growing, which puts them at risk of starvation. Fasting also reduces the bodys production of hormones, such as insulin, that can drive tumor growth. Both effects may make the cancer cells more susceptible to chemotherapy.

(GRAPHIC) V. ALTOUNIAN/SCIENCE; (DATA) E. LIEN AND M. VANDER HEIDEN, NATURE REVIEWS CANCER, 19, 651, (2019)

Hoping to make fasting easier on cancer patients, Longos team showed that merely limiting calories for a few days has similar effects on blood hormones and other biomarkers. A company Longo started in 2009, L-Nutra, supplies that fasting-mimicking diet for clinical trials: packets of crackers, soups, teas, and nut bars. The company also sells the meal kits online to the public, touting them as a way to combat aging. After facing criticism for profiting off a product that hasnt been fully validated, Longo began to donate profits from his shares in the company to charity in 2017.

Animal studies supporting the benefits of fasting-mimicking diets in cancer are now plentiful. Last year, Longos team reported that restricting calories enhanced the effects of hormone therapies in mice with breast cancer. Another team reported a synergistic effect with immunotherapies, again in mice. There are probably 100 papers on this, almost all positive, Longo says.

In small, preliminary clinical trials, Longos team and others showed that the fasting-mimicking diet may protect against some side effects of chemotherapy. Carolina Sandoval of Pasadena, California, age 40, participated in one of Longos intermittent fasting trials for 2 months last fall during four cycles of chemotherapy to fight breast cancer. It was really hard, she says, especially when the chemo affected her taste buds. I couldnt bear the taste of some of the food, and she lost weight, she says.

But Sandoval also says she thinks the diet spared her from some of the nausea and fatigue of chemotherapy and allowed her to avoid taking days off from her job teaching high school online. She hopes the fasting put my good cells to sleep, and the chemotherapy was able to attack more of my cancer cells, she says. I would do it again.

However, the first trial aiming to rigorously test whether a fasting-mimicking diet can make chemotherapy work better faltered, partly because participants found the diet unappetizing. The study, launched in 2014 and led by oncologist Judith Kroep of Leiden University Medical Center, monitored 131 Dutch women with early stage breast cancer who were slated to receive chemotherapy before surgery. They were randomly assigned to follow either Longos fasting-mimicking diet or a regular diet for 4 days leading up to each round of chemo. But many women disliked the taste and lack of choices in the diet, and just 20% completed all eight cycles. In part because of the dropout rate, Kroeps team couldnt go on to compare biomarkers predicting overall survival in the two groups.

Yet the trial did yield hints that chemotherapy was more potent and less toxic to healthy cells in women who completed at least two cycles of the fasting-mimicking diet. Scans showed their tumors were more likely to shrink, and immune cells in their blood had less DNA damage from chemotherapy, Kroep, Longo, and colleagues reported last year inNature Communications. Longo calls that remarkable evidence that the diet worked. But without definitive evidence that dieters were more likely to survive longer, other researchers found the trial inconclusive.

And when Kroep and a patient from the trial were featured on a Dutch TV program in late 2019, an uproar ensued from physicians and dietitians worried women with cancer would fast on their own. Medical groups and Kroeps own institute released cautionary statements. I agree that confirmation is needed before we can advise patients to fast, also because it is not always easy, says Kroep, who is planning a new trial with changes to make the diet more appealing.

Longo hopes for a bigger test. His team has applied to the U.S. National Cancer Institute for a $12 million grant to run a 460-patient clinical trial at 11 hospitals of a fasting-mimicking diet and chemotherapy for breast cancer. The agency includes whether fasting works on a list of provocative questions in cancer. If it happens, its going to be very exciting, Longo says.

Patients who balkat cutting calories may have an easier time with the popular low-carb ketogenic diet that, like fasting, lowers glucose and hormone levels in blood. Generally speaking, the ketogenic diet and fasting are two roads to a similar metabolic state, says Princeton University biochemist Joshua Rabinowitz. A ketogenic diet also forces the liver to turn excess fat into molecules called ketone bodies that glucose-craving cancer cells struggle to burn for energy, some scientists suggest. The approach has been used to treat epilepsy since the 1920s, when researchers discovered the seizure-reducing effects of the ketogenic diet on brain metabolism.

Karen Vousden (top), Lewis Cantley, and Valter Longo (bottom) are all testingtailored diets to improve cancer treatments.

Animal studies going back a decade suggest a ketogenic diet can enhance the effects of chemotherapy and radiation. Case reports and some small clinical trials hint that the diet may extend the lives of cancer patientsparticularly those with the brain cancer glioblastoma, which tends to use large amounts of glucose.

Cantley turned to a ketogenic diet because of a major disappointment: Drugs based on his discovery of the PI3K pathway that drives growth in many tumors largely flopped in trials in the 2010s. Except for blood and breast cancer studies that led to drug approvals, the trials were a disaster, Cantley says. Billions of dollars went into efforts that failed.

He thinks he knows why. The drugs cause a side effecta rise in blood sugarthat doctors often treat with insulin. But insulin stimulates the PI3K pathway in tumors and cancels out the cancer drugs effects. In a study published in 2018, Cantleys team fed a ketogenic diet designed to lower the bodys natural insulin production to cancer-afflicted mice receiving a PI3K drug. The researchers found that the diet allowed the drug to keep working and curbed tumor growth.

The two trials Makker is co-leading will soon test whether that hypothesis holds up in people with endometrial and some other cancers bearing a mutation in one of two genes that rev up the PI3K pathway. In one trial, participants will shop for and prepare meals according to instructions. In the other, the company Faeth Therapeutics that Cantley co-founded will ship meals to patients to help them stay on track.

Memorial Sloan Kettering and WCM are already running a feasibility test, supplying 4 weeks of packaged meals to about 30 women with endometrial cancer awaiting surgery. They like the food, which is really great to see, Makker says. And blood tests showed a drop in insulin and other changes that mirrored the mouse model, says WCM endocrinologist Marcus Goncalves, a co-investigator for the study and the two new trials.

If those trials show the ketogenic diet helps curb tumor growth for a year or two longer than the PI3K inhibitor otherwise would, the diet could become the standard of care, Cantley says. That will be what physicians will tell patients to do.

A ketogenic diet may enhance other cancer treatments, too. Immunologist Laurence Zitvogel of the Gustave Roussy Institute in France recently studied mice with skin, kidney, or lung cancers receiving a drug known as a checkpoint inhibitor that helps the immune systems T cells kill tumors. In animals on a ketogenic diet, the ketone bodies they produced boosted the T cells power, her team reported in January. Rabinowitz and collaborators have begun enrollment for a 40-person trial to see whether the diet can enhance the impact on pancreatic cancer of a chemotherapy cocktail.

But researchers warn that a ketogenic diet could backfire and fuel the growth of fat-loving cancers such as those of the breast and prostate and others with certain mutations. Cantley found the diet spurred tumor growth in mice with leukemia. In a recent study, researchers found that, contrary to prevailing thought, glioblastoma tumors can get around the dearth of glucose by feeding on ketone bodies. To safely harness a ketogenic diet as treatment, you need to really understand how and where it works, Vander Heiden says.

Other researchers areexploring an even more precise dietary limitation: cutting out specific amino acids, best known as the building blocks of proteins but also key to many other metabolic processes. Vousden unexpectedly veered into that line of research while studying a cancer-preventing gene calledp53. The protein it encodes can trigger cells that have DNA damage to self-destruct, stopping them from turning cancerous. The gene is mutated in many tumors, allowing unrestrained growth.

But in 2005, a U.S. lab reported a surprising finding: The intact p53 protein helps healthy cells survive when glucose is scarce, suggestingp53-mutated cancer cells are especially vulnerable to glucose limitation. Vousden wondered whether the protein also helps cells survive a shortage of other, less explored nutrients, such as amino acidsand whether the mutatedp53in cancer would make the cells less resilient.

To find out, her postdoc Oliver Maddocks methodically removed various amino acids from cancer cells culture medium. Many types of cancer cells grew more slowly when deprived of two related amino acids, serine and glycine, and deletingp53ramped up that effect. The scientists then tested the effects of a serine- and glycine-free diet in mice. To some colleagues, doing so seemed kind of a pointless experiment, Maddocks says, because the molecules are nonessential amino acids, meaning the body can make them even if they are absent from the diet.

But the experiment wasnt pointless. Several tumor types, it turned out, could not efficiently make serine on their own. Maddocks and Vousden reported in 2013 and 2017 that the special diet slowed cancer growth and extended the lives of mice implanted with colon cancer cells lackingp53as well as in mice engineered to develop lymphoma or colon tumors. Cells need serine or glycine to make a compound that sops up DNA-damaging free radicals, and the deprivation made tumor cells more sensitive to that oxidative stress. Radiation and some chemotherapies kill cells by generating free radicals, so the results suggested the diet could prime tumors for those treatments.

[In mice],effects are oftentimes on the same order of magnitude as those from the drugs that we give patients. Thats a powerful thing to think about.

Similar findings have emerged for other amino acids. Limiting the essential amino acid methionine appears to amplify the effects of radiation and chemotherapy in mice with colon cancer and sarcomas. And removing asparagine, an amino acid abundant in asparagus, from mouse diets curbed the spread of metastatic breast cancer, suggesting the diet could enhance drug treatments.

As with serine, depriving mice of one of those amino acids apparently disrupts metabolic cycles by which cancer cells respond to oxidative stress, synthesize DNA, and turn genes off and on. The idea isnt totally new. Cancer drugs known as antifolates developed in the 1940s also broadly affect pathways that are sensitive to the levels of nutrients in our diet, says cancer biologist David Sabatini of MITs Whitehead Institute.

Removing a specific amino acid from a persons diet wont be easy. Patients will have to eliminate all protein-rich foods, including grains, meat, and beans, and drink a specially formulated shake lacking the relevant amino acid. But that approach is not unprecedented: People born with the metabolic disorder phenylketonuria, for whom the amino acid phenylalanine is a neurotoxin, stay healthy by getting amino acids from a phenylalanine-free drink.

The company Vousden and Cantley founded, Faeth (Welsh for nutrition), is gearing up to test amino aciddepleted diets in two clinical trials this year. Faeth, also cofounded by Maddocks, will combine chemotherapy with a shake lacking specific amino acids, delivered to participants homes alongside other meal components, such as salads. The researchers got support from private investors after failing to win research grants for their idea, says Maddocks, now at the University of Glasgow. Its quite out of the box.

Looming over allthose trials is the question of whether patients will be able to stick to the diets. Many people struggle with the high fat content of a strict ketogenic diet, for example. Its like eating butter all the time, Vander Heiden says. Some very sick patients may be too underweight to follow any diet that restricts their caloric intake. And people getting treatments such as PI3K inhibitors or hormone therapy for months or years may have to keep up a special diet for just as longa daunting prospect.

If a diet turns out to work long term, the cost of delivering meals to patients could add up. But Maddocks notes that meals should still be cheaper than many cancer drugs.

A simpler alternative to diet changes might be drugs that have some of the same effectsfor instance, an enzyme that blocks cells from synthesizing a specific amino acid. In Zitvogels mouse study, adding ketone bodies to the animals chow worked as well as a ketogenic diet at boosting immunotherapies; she now plans to compare the two in a clinical trial.

Another concern is that tumors may harbor some cells that resist the effects of special diets. Longo argues thats unlikely with a fasting-mimicking diet because it takes away so many things from the cancer that some of them are bound to be important. But work led by Vousden and Maddocks showed that some tumors with a mutation in a gene calledKRAScan get around a serine-free diet by ramping up their own serine synthesis. And a serine-free diet would have little effect on breast cancer cells that spread to the pancreas, which is naturally awash in that nutrient, Vander Heidens group reported. Every tissue has its own metabolic flavor, says bioengineer Christian Metallo of the University of California, San Diego.

Maddocks expects the cancer-diet field will take years to move from piecemeal forays to a clear understanding of each diets pros and cons. Establishing that a specific diet works well enough to become part of routine clinical care also will take time. But Zitvogel says fighting cancer with diet is no longer a fringe idea. The field is at the start of a new era where people will really take diet seriously into account, she says. The time is ripe.

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Special diets might boost the power of drugs to vanquish cancers - Science Magazine

In recent years, eating disorders have gained more awareness and schools are starting to take proactive measures to inform their students of both the risks and the treatment options available.

The University has several pamphlets and onlinestudent resourceswhich address eating disorders, includingtreatment brochures, but unfortunately the same cannot be said for disordered eating.

TheMindwisePDF posted on the University's website which gives students information about eating disorders refers to both disordered eating and eating disorders interchangeably, but while the two are undoubtedly connected, theyre not the same.

According to Temimah Zucker, LMSW, with theNational Eating Disorders Association, Normalized, non-disordered eating is when one mindfully consumes food when hungry and is able to stop when full. Additionally, they incorporate variety into their diet. Disordered eating and eating disorders both diverge from non-disordered eating and both involve irregular and unhealthy eating patterns and behaviors.

Disordered eating, however, does not meet the requirements for a specific eating disorder as listed in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM), though it often still reflects many of the symptoms of eating disorders such as binge eating disorder, anorexia nervosa or bulimia nervosa.

According toNational Eating Disorders Collaboration, disordered eating includes fasting or chronic restrained eating, skipping meals, binge eating, self-induced vomiting, restrictive dieting, unbalanced eating such as restricting a major food group, laxative misuse and use of diet pills. It also includes struggling with body image issues, anxiety surrounding food, fear of weight gain and obsessive thoughts about food or body image.

A lot of those symptoms can also indicate eating disorders, but the main differences according to Zucker are the frequency of the behavior and the level of obsession. However, its important to consult a doctor, therapist or specialist if you experience any of the aforementioned symptoms, because diagnosing eating disorders takes practice, and every case is unique and requires a deeper understanding than a college opinion column can provide.

I know that a lot of people reading this will think Well, everyone does that! Who doesnt count calories, cut carbs and workout to make up for those bad foods?

But that is precisely the point. Disordered eating has become so normalized most of us dont even register it as irregular or disturbing anymore.

Sometimes this type of disordered eating whether it means cutting out specific food groups, repeatedly skipping meals or following a new diet trend every week works for some people, as it doesnt interfere with their lives or daily functions. Therefore, they promote it as "normal," perpetuating the cultural myth that disordered eating is healthy and sustainable.

The same types of behaviors that work for some people end up being precursors to eating disorders in others.

Social media plays a big role in normalizing disordered eating. Fitspo posts, healthy recipe accounts and hashtags like #gymlife all contribute to this image of what it looks like to be healthy, which doesnt always match up with reality. Eating a balanced, varied diet is great, and exercising is good for keeping your mind and body active, but avoiding carbs or fatty foods and working out every day doesnt necessarily make you healthy.

The awareness brought to eating disorders is amazing and I hope that it continues, but we need to expand that awareness to encompass disordered eating as well. Not only should we be giving students the information and tools they need to recover; we should also be bringing awareness to the behaviors and habits which often lead to full-blown disorders.

According toHealthline, an estimated 30 million Americans will struggle with an eating disorder in theirlifetime, and more and more are starting while on college campuses. The social pressures and turbulent lifestyle changes lend themselves to the promotion of eating disorders, which are now disproportionately affecting college students.

Eating disorders can affect people permanently, causing osteoporosis, lasting body image issues, etc. but so can disordered eating. We internalize the shame it causes, and our perceptions of food, exercise and even ourselves shift because of it.

This is a real and deadly affliction that's happening all around us and we as students should be more conscious of how we perpetuate negative social behaviors surrounding food; whether it's how we personally treat food, how we talk about it or simply how much of an effort we make to educate ourselves about the realities of disordered eating.

Marie Plunkett is a 22-year-old classical studies senior from New Orleans.

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Opinion: Disordered eating is everywhere and more dangerous than you think - The Reveille, LSU's student newspaper

Vanessa Hudgens was still a teenager when she rose to fame in the hit Disney franchise High School Musical. A lot has changed in the stars life since then. On Tuesday, the 32-year-old Princess Switch star shared a few vacay snaps from her spring break getaway in Florida with boyfriend (and baseball player) Cole Tucker, revealing her strong-is-sexy body in a figure-hugging monokini. In the images posted to her feed on Instagram stories, Vanessa rocked a bright red halter suit that accentuated her figure in all of its glory. Why see the world, when you got the beach, she captioned it. Sweet life. Read on to see Vanessas inspiring curves and to find out what she does to achieve them.

Instead of relying on the same technique daily, Vanessa has curated a weekly regiment of several popular workouts. My body builds muscle very quickly and I dont love the way it looks on my body. So I find the way that I achieve the body that I want for myself is to lengthen, to lean and to tone, she revealed during a recent interview with Parade.

She has found that a mixture of Pilates, Soul Cycle and hot yoga does her body good. And some days when I have the time, I love doing Pilates first and then going over to Soul Cycle. I love a double up! she exclaimed. I always feel so accomplished when I double up. Ive been going to this Pilates studio called WundaBar for years and its just a great deep muscle-training workout. Its not super high intensity but I always feel it the next day.

While some celebrities opt for one-on-one training sessions, Hudgens is a team player when it comes to workout. "I'm the type of person that needs to be in a class," Vanessa told PopSugar. "I need someone telling me what to do, and I love being in a group environment because I'm very competitive, so it pushes me to work harder than I would if I was by myself."

Hudgens is just one of many celebrities who visit The Dogpound, an exclusive strength and weight training workout studio. In a 2020 Instagram post, she shared a video of some of the hardcore exercises she does there, many of them relying on accessories such as a dip belt and also resistance bands. In other videos taken at the studio, she can be seen executing old school moves, using battle ropes, doing leg lifts, and lifting weights.

I would do seven days if I had time, she told Parade about her workouts, adding that she is a morning person when it comes to fitness. I love starting my day off that way because sometimes Ill have a less productive days and if Ive gotten a workout in, then I feel like Im accomplished no matter what.

If she is taking a class, she makes sure to register ahead of time. I normally sign up for a class the night before so I dont even have time to think about it and just wake up to having to go to workout. If I dont do it first thing in the morning it normally does not happen, she said.

Hudgens also revealed to Parade that she relies on intermittent fasting, not only because it helps her lose weight but keeps her skin glowing. She explains that she first researched it after a friend appeared to be anti-aging as a result of the timed dietary lifestyle. I looked into it and read up on the science behind it, what happens to your body while youre fasting, the autophagy, and realized its actually good for you on a cellular level. So I tried it out and within like the first week I lost seven pounds and then kept it off and Im now at my standard fit weight. And I dont have time right now to work out every day, as I normally would. So its a really great way to stay in shape, feel good, and still look great, she told Parade. Another benefit? She maintains that it allows her to not restrict what she eats as much.

She works out on an empty stomach, starting her day off with black coffee and a lot of water first thing in the morning. When the time comes to break the fast, then I do it. I kind of do an 18-hour fast and eat for 6. I try to get in all my nutritional needs so greens and fats and omegas. I dont eat meat; I do eat fish. But outside of that I am in a place where I am allowing myself to enjoy the foods that I love, she explains. Her guilty pleasure? Pizza and pasta.

When fasting she relies on two big meals with some snacks and little things in between, and says she is enjoying it, especially because she doesnt think about food as much as she did when she was snacking every three hours. With this, its like I eat in my six hour window and then I completely put eating out of my mind because I know that Im not going to eat anything else for the rest of the night. And also it actually cut back on my wine intake because usually you drink wine right before bed and with this, Im not doing any of that, she says.

She does admit there was definitely an adjustment period and that the first week was rough as well as in my workouts because she felt a bit more lethargic and tired. However, after the first week, it started to pick up and I started to feel better.

Because it is hard to follow a fast schedule when she is working long hours, she switches over to Keto. I try to space it out a little better with a Ketogenic diet and try to nix the carbs and go for high fats and proteins, she told Parade.

Some of her go-to meals? For breakfast, this crispy rice that has vegetables and avocado and eggs on it, she reveals. Its at a restaurant that I always go to, which Im not revealing because thats my secret local spot. And I just douse it with hot sauce because I could live off of hot sauce. And then for dinner its either pasta or pizza or sushi. Ill admit that Im not the biggest cook.

When it comes to fitness fashion, Hudgens is one of the reigning celebrity trendsetters. In 2019 she even collaborated with Avia on her own collection. "I've been working out consistently for the past 12 years, so over that time like I've figured out what [materials] work for what workouts and tried to incorporate that [knowledge] into the collection to help take the guesswork out of it," she told Shape at the time. She is a big fan of 7/8 leggings as they offer "that perfect, ankle-length fit"-for her petite frame.

More here:
Vanessa Hudgens Shares Exact Diet That Got Her This Red Swimsuit Look | Eat This Not That - Eat This, Not That

Kylie Jenner is making her health and fitness a priority in 2021, but she's not turning to expensive exercise programs or adopting an intense diet to do it. Instead, the Keeping Up with the Kardashians star has started a simple routine that's keeping her full, focused, and fit.

Read on to discover exactly how Kylie has changed her workout and exercise plans to slim down and stay healthy. And for more celebrity transformations, Nikki Bella Shows Off the Exact Workout That Transformed Her Body.

While Jenner recently revealed her major McDonald's order to the world, including Spicy Chicken McNuggets, French fries, and cinnamon buns, she's been trying to eat healthier most of the time. One of the biggest changes she's made? Adopting a primarily plant-based diet, like big sister Kim Kardashian.

In a March 28 post to her Instagram Stories, Jenner revealed her dinner of cooked broccoli, sweet potato, and quinoa. "Really trying to not eat meat rn so here's my little dinner," she captioned the clip.

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Jenner's workout plan doesnt involve expensive personal training sessionsit's actually pretty relaxed. On March 28, Jenner posted a photo of her workouta 3.5 mile run/walkto her Instagram stories. "Cute little Sunday" she captioned a photo of her progress.

And for more celebrity transformations, Model Kaia Gerber Shows Off Her Exact Workout Routine.

It's not just running that keeps Jenner fit, however. The Kylie Cosmetics founder has been open about preferring to forgo the gym in favor of doing an at-home toning routine. In 2020, she told Harpers Bazaar, "I never find myself in a gym. I find myself on the floor of my bedroom looking up on, like, Google or Pinterest and doing abs, lunges, squatsall that good stuff."

Though Jenner has admitted to enjoying everything from In-N-Out to Fritos in the past, she says she tries to avoid eating late at night. So, how does she fight off her late-night junk food jones?

"I avoid late-night cravings because I lock myself in my bedroom and I turn on my TVI get really comfortableand I pre-slice an apple by my bed," she told Harper's Bazaar. "Since I'm really comfortable, I'll be too lazy, probably, to go down to the kitchen, so my only choice is this apple." And for more insight into what your favorite celebs eat, Megan Thee Stallion Reveals the Exact Meals That Transformed Her Body in One Month.

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Kylie Jenner Reveals Her Exact Diet and Exercise Plan | Eat This Not That - Eat This, Not That

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