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Summary: Researchers report a link between Alzheimers disease and a discontinued medical treatment.

In a new study, they found five cases of Alzheimers in individuals treated as children with cadaver-derived human growth hormone (c-hGH), used in the UK from 1959 to 1985. The treatment, later found to be contaminated with amyloid-beta protein, had been linked to Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) and was replaced by synthetic hormones.

This discovery suggests a new dimension in understanding Alzheimers, highlighting the potential for disease-related proteins to be transmitted through medical treatments.

Key Facts:

Source: UCL

Five cases of Alzheimers disease are believed to have arisen as a result of medical treatments decades earlier, reports a team of UCL and UCLH researchers.

Alzheimers disease is caused by the amyloid-beta protein, and is usually a sporadic condition of late adult life, or more rarely an inherited condition that occurs due to a faulty gene.

The newNature Medicinepaper provides the first evidence of Alzheimers disease in living people that appears to have been medically acquired and due to transmission of the amyloid-beta protein.

The people described in the paper had all been treated as children with a type of human growth hormone extracted from pituitary glands from deceased individuals (cadaver-derived human growth hormone or c-hGH).

This was used to treat at least 1,848 people in the UK between 1959 and 1985, and used for various causes of short stature. It was withdrawn in 1985 after it was recognised that some c-hGH batches were contaminated with prions (infectious proteins) which had caused Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) in some people. c-hGH was then replaced with synthetic growth hormone that did not carry the risk of transmitting CJD.

These researchers previously reported that some patients with CJD due to c-hGH treatment (called iatrogenic CJD) also had prematurely developed deposits of the amyloid-beta protein in their brains.

The scientists went on to show in a 2018 paper that archived samples of c-hGH were contaminated with amyloid-beta protein and, despite having been stored for decades, transmitted amyloid-beta pathology to laboratory mice when it was injected. They suggested that individuals exposed to contaminated c-hGH, who did not succumb to CJD and lived longer, might eventually develop Alzheimers disease.

This latest paper reports on eight people referred to UCLHs National Prion Clinic at the National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery in London, who had all been treated with c-hGH in childhood, often over several years.

Five of these people had symptoms of dementia, and either had already been diagnosed with Alzheimers disease or would otherwise meet the diagnostic criteria for this condition; another person met criteria for mild cognitive impairment.

These people were between 38 and 55 years old when they started having neurological symptoms. Biomarker analyses supported the diagnoses of Alzheimers disease in two patients with the diagnosis, and was suggestive of Alzheimers in one other person; an autopsy analysis showed Alzheimers pathology in another patient.

The unusually young age at which these patients developed symptoms suggests they did not have the usual sporadic Alzheimers which is associated with old age. In the five patients in whom samples were available for genetic testing, the team ruled out inherited Alzheimers disease.

As c-hGH treatment is no longer used, there is no risk of any new transmission via this route. There have been no reported cases of Alzheimers acquired from any other medical or surgical procedures. There is no suggestion that amyloid-beta can be passed on in day-to-day life or during routine medical or social care.

However, the researchers caution that their findings highlight the importance of reviewing measures to ensure there is no risk of accidental transmission of amyloid-beta via other medical or surgical procedures which have been implicated in accidental transmission of CJD.

The lead author of the research, Professor John Collinge, Director of the UCL Institute of Prion Diseases and a consultant neurologist at UCLH, said: There is no suggestion whatsoever that Alzheimers disease can be transmitted between individuals during activities of daily life or routine medical care.

The patients we have described were given a specific and long-discontinued medical treatment which involved injecting patients with material now known to have been contaminated with disease-related proteins.

However, the recognition of transmission of amyloid-beta pathology in these rare situations should lead us to review measures to prevent accidental transmission via other medical or surgical procedures, in order to prevent such cases occurring in future.

Importantly, our findings also suggest that Alzheimers and some other neurological conditions share similar disease processes to CJD, and this may have important implications for understanding and treating Alzheimers disease in the future.

Co-author Professor Jonathan Schott (UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, honorary consultant neurologist at UCLH, and Chief Medical Officer at Alzheimers Research UK) said: It is important to stress that the circumstances through which we believe these individuals tragically developed Alzheimers are highly unusual, and to reinforce that there is no risk that the disease can be spread between individuals or in routine medical care.

These findings do, however, provide potentially valuable insights into disease mechanisms, and pave the way for further research which we hope will further our understanding of the causes of more typical, late onset Alzheimers disease.

First author Dr Gargi Banerjee (UCL Institute of Prion Diseases) said: We have found that it is possible for amyloid-beta pathology to be transmitted and contribute to the development of Alzheimers disease.

This transmission occurred following treatment with a now obsolete form of growth hormone, and involved repeated treatments with contaminated material, often over several years. There is no indication that Alzheimers disease can be acquired from close contact, or during the provision of routine care.

The study was supported by the Medical Research Council, the National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR), the NIHR UCLH Biomedical Research Centre, Alzheimers Research UK, and the Stroke Association.

Note:

If you were treated with the growth hormone (c-hGH) in the UK between 1959 and 1985 and would like further information about this research, please contact the National Prion Clinic via email ([emailprotected]) or by telephone (020 7679 5142 or 020 7679 5036).

Author: Chris Lane Source: UCL Contact: Chris Lane UCL Image: The image is credited to Neuroscience News

Original Research: Closed access. Iatrogenic Alzheimers disease in recipients of cadaveric pituitary-derived growth hormone by John Collinge et al. Nature Medicine

Abstract

Iatrogenic Alzheimers disease in recipients of cadaveric pituitary-derived growth hormone

Alzheimers disease (AD) is characterized pathologically by amyloid-beta (A) deposition in brain parenchyma and blood vessels (as cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA)) and by neurofibrillary tangles of hyperphosphorylated tau.

Compelling genetic and biomarker evidence supports A as the root cause of AD. We previously reported human transmission of A pathology and CAA in relatively young adults who had died of iatrogenic CreutzfeldtJakob disease (iCJD) after childhood treatment with cadaver-derived pituitary growth hormone (c-hGH) contaminated with both CJD prions and A seeds. This raised the possibility that c-hGH recipients who did not die from iCJD may eventually develop AD.

Here we describe recipients who developed dementia and biomarker changes within the phenotypic spectrum of AD, suggesting that AD, like CJD, has environmentally acquired (iatrogenic) forms as well as late-onset sporadic and early-onset inherited forms.

Although iatrogenic AD may be rare, and there is no suggestion that A can be transmitted between individuals in activities of daily life, its recognition emphasizes the need to review measures to prevent accidental transmissions via other medical and surgical procedures.

As propagating A assemblies may exhibit structural diversity akin to conventional prions, it is possible that therapeutic strategies targeting disease-related assemblies may lead to selection of minor components and development of resistance.

Read more:
Discontinued Medical Treatment Linked to Alzheimer's - Neuroscience News

Uncovering the Link Between Alzheimers and Human Growth Hormone Treatments

A ground-breaking study published in Nature Medicine has shed light on a startling revelation Alzheimers disease may be transmissible under very specific circumstances. This inference was drawn from the long-term observation of patients who had received human growth hormone (hGH) from deceased donors, a practice that ceased in 1985. The particularly interesting aspect of this study is the conceivable connection between Alzheimers disease and prion diseases, which are known to be transmissible.

The discontinued medical practice involved extracting growth hormone from the brain tissue of deceased individuals. This hormone was then administered to patients, typically children, who required it. However, after approximately 200 patients developed Creuztfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) a condition caused by prions the practice was halted.

Prions, proteins that can fold in multiple structurally distinct ways, can trigger the development of a range of fatal neurodegenerative diseases, including CJD. The study identified five patients with early-onset Alzheimers disease who had received the donated hGH, leading the researchers to conclude that the hGH was the likely cause of the disease in these cases.

While Alzheimers disease is commonly understood as a non-contagious condition, this study indicates that it can be transmitted under extremely rare conditions. In the reported cases, the recipients of the tainted hGH injections developed early Alzheimers disease, showing higher than usual levels of the sticky protein A-beta in their brains. This protein is known to accumulate in the brains of individuals with Alzheimers disease.

It is important to note, however, that the absolute risk of transmission remains very low. The transmission of Alzheimers disease cannot occur through person-to-person contact, but the study does raise concerns about potential risks of transmission through certain medical or surgical procedures.

Despite the small sample size and the need for replication and confirmation, this study opens new avenues for understanding the etiology of Alzheimers disease. The findings suggest that amyloid-beta pathologys transmission in these rare situations may have implications for understanding and treating Alzheimers disease.

The research also underscores the importance of informed caution in the preparation of surgical instruments, handling of tissues, and implementation of therapeutic biologics, particularly those derived from human sources. It also paves the way for further research, which may enrich our understanding of the causes of more typical, late-onset Alzheimers disease.

While these findings are undoubtedly intriguing, it is essential to emphasize that the circumstances through which these individuals tragically developed Alzheimers are highly unusual. There is no risk that the disease can be spread between individuals or in routine medical care. Experts have stressed that this does not indicate that Alzheimers disease can be passed between people through everyday activities or routine care, and there is no cause for concern for the health of the general population.

Patients now receive synthetic alternatives to hGH, which have been approved for safety. Therefore, there is no need for the general population to reconsider or forego any medical procedures based on these findings. The study provides an interesting perspective on the transmission of Alzheimers disease but should not cause undue alarm.

Continued here:
Link Between Alzheimer's and Human Growth Hormone Treatments Revealed | Nature Medicine Study - Medriva

Image by Getty / Futurism

Researchers say they've documented the first ever cases of Alzheimer's disease being transmitted between humans and though it only took place in extremely rare and unusual circumstances, it could provide valuable clues into the underlying mechanisms of the terrible disease.

Their findings, published as a study in the journal Nature Medicine, detail how eight adult patients, only five of whom are still alive, likely acquired the disease through a banned medical procedure performed on them as children in which they were administered human growth hormone extracted from a cadaver's brain. Decades later, they're now showing early signs of dementia, with the earliest experiencing symptoms as young as 38 years old.

The researchers suggest that the procedure inadvertently transmitted a protein called amyloid beta that's considered to have a central role in the development of Alzheimer's disease.

They stress that this does not mean Alzheimer's is transmissible like a cough or the flu. It was spread "iatrogenically" StatNews notes, or only as the result of a medical practice in this case a very seldom used but tragically misguided one.

"I should emphasize these are very rare occurrences, and the majority of this relates to medical procedures that are no longer used," study senior author John Collinge, the director of the University College London Institute of Prion Diseases, said in a news brief, as quoted by CNN.

The practice of using cadaver growth hormones today they're synthesized was banned in the 1980s because it caused another terrifying brain disorder: Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD), which is transmitted through "misfolded" proteins called prions.

CJD, like Alzheimer's, causes dementia but is even more severe and always fatal. Since both can stem from the same medical procedure, the researchers say their findings support the idea that the beta-amyloids behind Alzheimer's can be transmitted in similar ways to a prion disease, which have been long known to pass between humans.

"It looks like what's going on in Alzheimer's disease is very similar in many respects to what happens in the human prion diseases like CJD, with the propagation of these abnormal aggregates of misfolded proteins and misshapen proteins," Collinge told Stat News.

A key detail is that none of the patients were shown to have genetic mutations known to cause early-onset dementia, despite all of them experiencing symptoms at a relatively young age and well before the cutoff age of 65.

Only one patient had genetic data known to cause late-onset dementia. In addition, none were found to have elevated levels of a protein called tau, Stat notes, which is associated with cognitive decline. As it stands, the only known common factor between the patients is the HGH procedure they received.

The sheer rarity of the circumstances means that it will be tough to bear out the study's findings. Nonetheless, it's already raised useful questions over the nature of Alzheimer's, the exact cause of which remains elusive.

More on neuroscience: Smoking Cigarettes Does Something Horrifying to Your Brain, Scientists Find

Excerpt from:
Alzheimer's Spread Through Growth Hormones Extracted From Cadavers, Scientists Say - Futurism

Sections of mouse brains from the 2018 study. Top line shows control subjects inoculated with synthetic growth hormone, lower two lines show subjects inoculated with c-hGH. E and h show CAA while f and i show amyloid beta plaque deposition. Credit: Purro et al, 2018/UCL

Five middle-aged people have been diagnosed with Alzheimers disease as a result a now-discontinued medical treatment the patients received in childhood, according to a new study. This is the first evidence of Alzheimers disease in living people that appears to have been medically acquired.

Alzheimers disease is typically caused by a buildup of amyloid-beta protein as an individual ages. However, these patients appear to have acquired the disease in middle age due to transmission of the amyloid-beta protein as part of medical treatment decades prior.

The patients described in the new Nature Medicine paper, now between 38 and 55 years old, had all been treated as children with a type of human growth hormone extracted from pituitary glands from deceased individualsknown as cadaver-derived human growth hormone, or c-hGH.

c-hGH was used to treat at least 1,848 people in the UK between 1959 and 1985 for various causes of short stature. It was withdrawn in 1985 after scientists recognized that some c-hGH batches were contaminated with prions (infectious proteins) after some patients contracted Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD).

This latest paper focuses on eight people at the National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery in London who had all been treated with c-hGH in childhood, often over several years. Five of them had symptoms of dementia, and either had already been diagnosed with Alzheimers disease or would otherwise meet the diagnostic criteria. A sixth person met the criteria for mild cognitive impairment.

All patients were between 38 and 55 years old when they started displaying neurological symptoms. The unusually young age at which the symptoms developed suggests the patients did not have the typical Alzheimers, which is associated with old age. Additionally, for five patients in which samples were available for genetic testing, researchers were able to rule out inherited Alzheimers disease.

As c-hGH treatment is no longer used, there is no risk of any new transmission via this route. There have been no reported cases of Alzheimers acquired from any other medical or surgical procedures.

There is no suggestion whatsoever that Alzheimers disease can be transmitted between individuals during activities of daily life or routine medical care. The patients we have described were given a specific and long-discontinued medical treatment which involved injecting patients with material now known to have been contaminated with disease-related proteins, said lead author John Collinge, director of the University College London Institute of Prion Diseases and a consultant neurologist at University College London Hospital.

However, the researchers caution that their findings highlight the importance of reviewing measures to ensure there is no risk of accidental transmission of amyloid-beta via other medical or surgical procedures.

In 2018, the same team of researchers showed that archived samples of c-hGH were contaminated with amyloid-beta protein anddespite having been stored for decadesstill transmitted amyloid-beta pathology to laboratory mice when injected. The scientists proposed then that individuals exposed to contaminated c-hGH who did not succumb to CJD in the immediate aftermath might eventually develop Alzheimers disease.

These newest results suggest the researchers 2018 hypothesis was correct.

Overall, the results could have implications for understanding and treating Alzheimers disease in the future, as well as other neurological conditions share similar disease processes to CJD.

Go here to see the original:
Alzheimer's Linked to Discontinued Medical Treatment in UK - Laboratory Equipment

Some recipients of human growth hormone showed signs of Alzheimers disease on their brain scans

Teek Image/SPL/Alamy

Five people appear to have developed Alzheimers disease after receiving growth hormones from deceased donors brains as children. Although based on a small group of people, this suggests that the condition could theoretically be transmitted during medical procedures. However, measures are in place to prevent this. One expert has also pointed out that this study doesnt definitively prove that these recipients developed Alzheimers in this way.

From the late 1950s until 1985, children around the world with growth issues received injections of human growth hormone, derived from the pituitary gland in the brains of donor cadavers. In the UK, more than 1800 children received this treatment, while around 7700 children did so in the US.

The approach was banned globally when it came to light that some recipients died from a rare condition called Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease after receiving hormones contaminated with misfolded proteins called prions. These cause progressive and irreparable damage to the brain and nervous system by clumping together and making other proteins misfold.

Now, Gargi Banerjee at University College London and her colleagues have uncovered a handful of other people who may have developed Alzheimers disease from these treatments. Similar to prion-related conditions, a key characteristic of Alzheimers is the abnormal build-up of two misfolded proteins in the brain: amyloid-beta and tau.

As part of the UKs National Prion Monitoring Cohort, the team reviewed eight cases where people received batches of donated human growth hormones as children that were later discovered to contain traces of misfolded amyloid-beta.

Of these eight, seven reported cognitive issues in their 40s and 50s. Three of them were diagnosed with Alzheimers disease, while two met the diagnostic criteria for the condition after reporting symptoms such as memory loss and difficulty concentrating. Another two experienced cognitive impairment, while the eighth person had no symptoms, but showed signs of Alzheimers in brain scans. Of the group, six survive.

All the recipients bar one, who only self-reported having cognitive impairment, had elevated levels of misfolded amyloid-beta and tau in their brains.

In another part of their study, the researchers analysed the DNA of five of the recipients, the only ones with samples available, and found that none had a heightened genetic risk of any neurodegenerative condition, suggesting that their symptoms werent inherited.

Writing in their paper, the researchers say there could be alternative explanations for the findings. For example, two of the individuals had an intellectual disability, which has been linked to a heightened risk of dementia, and the recipients initial growth issues may have led to cognitive impairments. But based on the fact that few people have developed early-onset Alzheimers disease after receiving uncontaminated growth hormones, the team concludes that contaminated injections are the most plausible cause.

Its important to recognise that this very rare, acquired form of Alzheimers disease exists, so that people treated with cadaveric growth hormone can get help and support should they need it, says Banerjee. There is no suggestion that Alzheimers disease can be transmitted between people during close contact, or by caring for people with Alzheimers disease, or via routine medical care.

The researchers write that the results should prompt both further consideration of public health implications and the primary prevention of [transmissible] Alzheimers disease for example, by ensuring effective decontamination of surgical instruments, which is already routinely done.

They are now working with the UK Health Security Agency and the Department of Health and Social Care to determine how many people who received these hormone injections may be at risk.

Lawrence Honig at Columbia University in New York says that the study doesnt prove that Alzheimers was due to these injections. There were apparently about 2000 persons who received these HGH [human growth hormone] preparations in the UK, and Alzheimers disease biomarker and pathological changes in the 50s are not extraordinarily uncommon, so an association, or causative association, from the injections cannot be certain, he says.

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See the rest here:
Contaminated hormone injections may have given five people Alzheimer's - New Scientist

A new report published in the journal Nature Medicine found that some patients who received human growth hormone from the pituitary glands of cadaver donors from 1959 to 1985 developed early cases of Alzheimers, possibly from contaminated samples that featured a protein associated with the disease. A handful of patients in the study displayed symptoms of early onset Alzheimers, with the youngest at 38 years old, and others were found to have the associated protein in their brains when they died. Researchers concluded that it is possible to develop Alzheimers from the transfer of a contaminated hormone, but they cautioned against overextending the scope of the results. Were not suggesting for a moment you can catch Alzheimers disease. This is not transmissible in the sense of a viral or bacterial infection, one of the co-authors of the study told the Guardian. The procedure that caused the patients in the study to degenerate has been discontinued for decades.

The rest is here:
Some Patients Got Early Alzheimer's From Contaminated HGH Treatment: Report - The Daily Beast

A new report published in the journal Nature Medicine found that some patients who received human growth hormone from the pituitary glands of cadaver donors from 1959 to 1985 developed early cases of Alzheimers, possibly from contaminated samples that featured a protein associated with the disease. A handful of patients in the study displayed symptoms of early onset Alzheimers, with the youngest at 38 years old, and others were found to have the associated protein in their brains when they died. Researchers concluded that it is possible to develop Alzheimers from the transfer of a contaminated hormone, but they cautioned against overextending the scope of the results. Were not suggesting for a moment you can catch Alzheimers disease. This is not transmissible in the sense of a viral or bacterial infection, one of the co-authors of the study told the Guardian. The procedure that caused the patients in the study to degenerate has been discontinued for decades.

Read it at The Guardian

Read more at The Daily Beast.

Read the rest here:
Some Patients Got Early Alzheimer's From Contaminated HGH Treatment: Report - Yahoo! Voices

Scientists believe that a rare medical treatment withdrawn in the 1980s may have caused some very rare cases of Alzheimer's.

Research published in the Nature Medicine journal suggests the individuals acquired a "rogue protein" that causes dementia from a growth hormone taken from the brains of deceased people, said Sky News.

Although the findings do not mean that Alzheimer's is infectious, the results could have significant implications for our understanding of dementia.

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Researchers studied eight people in the UK who, as children, received cadaver-derived human growth hormone (c-hGH) that had been extracted from the brains of human corpses.

At least 1,848 people received the c-hGH between the 1950s and 1980s. Some died from Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD), a degenerative brain condition, because the hormone infusions they received contained infectious proteins called prions that cause severe abnormalities in the brain. Prions are proteins that act like "seeds" of disease, explained Live Science, causing healthy proteins to "fold in abnormal, harmful ways".

The new findings indicate parallels between the evolution of Alzheimers and CJD. None of the eight patients in the new study had developed CJD, but five showed symptoms consistent with early-onset Alzheimer's. In three of the patients, biological and autopsy studies supported an Alzheimer's diagnosis, and they were suggestive in a fourth.

Alzheimer's disease is "the most common cause of dementia in the UK", said the NHS. An estimated one in 14 people over the age of 65 has Alzheimer's and other types of dementia, rising to one in six over the age of 80.

Alzheimer's is thought to be caused by the abnormal build-up of proteins in and around brain cells.

"We are not suggesting for a moment that you can catch Alzheimer's disease," said Professor John Collinge, of University College Londons Institute of Prion Diseases, as it is "not transmissible in the sense of a viral or bacterial infection".

Instead, said Live Science, the seed transfer linked to the Alzheimer's cases reported in the new study occurred in a "very specific and extraordinary medical context". And while "in theory", accidental transmissions of Alzheimer's seeds "could be possible in other medical procedures", steps are being taken to avoid any future repeats.

Dr Richard Oakley, associate director of research and innovation at Alzheimer's Society, told Science Media Centre that there was "no cause for concern for the health of the general population", and reiterated that the hormone treatment had not been used since 1985.

No, said Science News. Researchers "can't be certain" that contaminated growth hormone caused these people's Alzheimer's. It is possible that "the underlying childhood conditions that necessitated the growth hormone treatments", or "other medical procedures such as radiation", contributed to early Alzheimer's or cognitive problems.

As well as preventing similar transmissions, experts hope the findings might increase the understanding of dementia.

"One question is what can be done to stop such transmissions in future," said The Economist, and another is what the findings "might mean for treating Alzheimer's, even in people in whom the disease develops spontaneously".

The findings are a potential boost for research into diagnostics and therapies to combat all forms of dementia, as they might open up new treatment possibilities for a disease that is currently incurable.

The study has "revealed more about how amyloid fragments can spread within the brain", Dr Mava May, associate director of research at the Stroke Association, told Science Media Centre. This provides "further clues on how Alzheimer's disease progresses and potential new targets for the treatments of tomorrow".

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How the transmission of Alzheimer's might be possible - The Week

In this new study, researchers indicate that between 1959 and 1985, at least 1,848 patients in the United Kingdom were treated with human growth hormones extracted from the pituitary glands of deceased donors, known as human cadaveric pituitary-derived growth hormone (c-hGH). Patients received these hormone injections several times per week, over the course of several months or years, to treat severe short stature and other conditions caused by hormone deficiencies.

The treatments were discontinued in 1985, after at least one patient treated with c-hGH died from iatrogenic CreutzfeldtJakob disease (iCJD), a rare but rapidly progressive and degenerative brain disease that is acquired when infectious brain proteins are accidentally transmitted to patients during medical or surgical procedures that use cadaveric tissue.

Researchers later tested archived batches of the c-hGH treatments and found they were contaminated with measurable quantities of AB seeding; precursors to developing Alzheimers disease.

According to findings published this week in the medical journal Nature Medicine, at least 200 cases of iCJD have been reported worldwide as a result of the contaminated treatments.

The researchers analyzed the medical history of eight individuals treated with c-hGH injections during different stages of childhood, who were referred to the National Prion Clinic (NPC) in the UK, which studies those diagnosed or at risk of developing brain diseases from the therapies.

At least five patients exhibited symptoms consistent with those seen with early-onset dementia, including progressive cognitive impairment, which developed between 38 and 55 years of age, between three and four decades after c-hGH exposure. Three of the five patients had been diagnosed with Alzheimers disease prior to be being referred to the clinic, and the other two patients presented symptoms seen among those with the disease, including memory loss, trouble communicating, and changes in behavior or personality.

Researchers reviewed brain scans of the patients, which showed progressive loss of brain tissue volume that are consistent with neurodegenerative diseases. Three of the eight study participants died, and autopsies revealed accumulations of infectious AB deposits in the brain, similar to those seen among those suffering from Alzheimers disease.

Genetic testing ruled out any potential genetic factors for developing adult-onset brain disorders, and the patients ages meant sporadic early-onset was unlikely, leading researchers to determine the new and progressive cognitive disturbances seen among the patients were the result of repeated c-hGH exposure. Among the study participants, at least four c-hGH recipients were diagnosed with confirmed Alzheimers disease, five met the standard definition for dementia, two with a clinical diagnosis of dementia were suspected to also have Alzheimers, and one had mild cognitive impairment, according to the findings.

The findings suggest Alzheimers disease can be transmitted in certain circumstances, such as during medical procedures. While there is no evidence that it can be transmitted to others during daily activities, researchers indicate further studies are needed to analyze exactly how this disease spreads. Researchers also indicate the findings warrant further preventative measures to avoid medically transmitted brain diseases, such as ensuring surgical instruments and other medical treatments are properly disinfected.

Link:
Growth Hormone Treatment May Have Transmitted Alzheimer's to Children, Study Warns - AboutLawsuits.com

Holy shit this sounds awesome! Well be there no matter what. From my research aka watching the Social Network I know Peter Thiel is the guy that invested in Facebook early on so Im just gonna assume hes very smart and that this plan will work smoothly!

Say what you want about the negative effects of steroids but seeing a bunch of elite athletes juiced to the gills competing and setting world records* (obviously with asterisks) would be incredible to watch. Literally the steroid era of baseball (by far the best, most fun era to watch) but with other sports? Count me in! I like the sports they listed but lets add a few more to the mix! How about baseball? They said combat sports but which ones? Wrestling? Boxing? MMA? Lets do all of the above! Lets take the greatest athletes this world has to offer and pump their bodies with steroids, HGH, whatever performance enhancers they can get their hands on! Lets see the maximum physical capabilities of the human body/mind. Rob McElhenney even wants to do a docuseries on it!

The behind the scenes would be amazing. Would basically be a real life version of the scenes leading up to the final fight in Rocky IV where Drago is basically being turned into a robot hooked up to all these wires on the treadmill and pumping anabolic steroids into his veins as hes hitting a punching bag with world record setting power. Im all in on this. No hiding from the truth. No BS. No such thing as a banned substance. Lets give the people what they want! (I really hope no one dies of a heart attack)

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A Group of Venture Capitalists Are Starting An Olympic-Style Competition That Would Allow Steroids, HGH And Other ... - Barstool Sports

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