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Chelsey Bishop, 35, tipped the scales at 24st 2lbs at her heaviest.

The office manager and graphic designer would regularly eat 4,000 calories and says she was immersed in the typical American diet, eating a donut for breakfast and cheeseburger, fries and a fizzy drink at lunch.

Having never thought about nutrition, that all changed for Chelsey when she was removed from a ride at a theme park in December 2017 because the harness didn't fit around her frame.

Chelsey also felt humiliated when she couldn't fit in booths at restaurants, had to request seat belt extenders and couldn't walk 50 feet without losing her breath.

So in February 2018, Chelsey decided to try and lose weight through the keto diet, after seeing many friends giving it a go.

Chelsey adapted her diet to fit with her hectic schedule eating less carbs and cutting out sugary foods to achieve weight loss.

These simple changes allowed Chelsey's weight to drop to 13st, and she's now a UK size 16, without needing any surgery along the way.

Chelsey said: "I noticed I was becoming overweight at age seven. I was larger than all my friends and was teased regularly for it.

"My standard American diet routinely consisted of a blueberry scone or chocolate donut for breakfast with a large sugary caramel iced latte to wash it down, a cheeseburger with chips and fizzy drink for lunch, and a platter of tacos or chicken fried steak for dinner.

"Then probably a few snacks or sweets in between each meal as well. I would eat 4,000 calories per day.

"My diet combined with my sedentary lifestyle led to my weight going up.

"Growing up in a low-income household meant nutrition wasn't something my family focused on or cared about, and those bad childhood eating habits became my bad adult eating habits.

"It was more about putting any possible food on the table for our family of five."

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Speaking about her difficulties, Chelsey added: "I was humiliated on holiday at Universal Studios when I was removed from a ride for being too fat.

"I couldn't fit in restaurant booths, I needed seat belt extenders, snored terribly, and I couldn't walk 50 feet without losing my breath.

"After losing my father to congestive heart failure and being diagnosed with high blood pressure and tachycardia, I decided to put myself on a relaxed keto and low carb diet in February 2018.

"My dad always talked about how sugar was 'poison', but I never took it to heart until I realised how much healthier my body became after eliminating sugar."

For Chelsey, who works two jobs, sticking to a strict keto diet would have been very difficult so she prefers to make healthier choices as she refers to 'keto-fying' her diet.

Since shedding half her body weight, Chelsey is no longer required to take blood pressure medication.

She said: "I have two jobs and a busy schedule, so I've never stepped foot inside a gym, and I eat at restaurants probably 90 per cent of the time.

"I knew when I started that this routine wasn't likely to change, so I learned how to adapt my diet to my lifestyle.

"I've learned the art of "keto-fying" meals anywhere I go. I order burgers without the bun and a side salad instead of chips, steak with steamed broccoli instead of potatoes, deli sandwiches without the bread or pizza toppings without the crust.

"Just by cutting carbohydrates and sugar in my diet, I've been able to lose nearly half my body weight in less than two years without exercise, purely diet alone.

"My doctor has taken me off blood pressure medication, I no longer snore, and my resting heart rate went from high nineties to sixties. My blood work is now the best it's ever been in my entire life, even my cholesterol is amazing, which I love telling all the keto haters.

"I am a living example of how simply modifying your diet can completely change your health and your life."

She added: "I am incredibly proud of myself. For over 30 years, I took my health for granted and I'm lucky that carrying around that much excess weight didn't do more damage.

"Life is harder when you're living it in such a large body, and I didn't realise the impact it had on my life. I was in such denial.

"Now I feel amazing, I love seeing the shock on the faces of people who haven't seen me in a while.

"There's two phases of astonishment: phase one is seeing me at literally half my physical size, and phase two is from telling them it was from my keto diet, no gym or exercise.

"I always assumed I had too much weight to lose and I was at a point of hopelessness.

"I couldn't have been more wrong. Substantial weight loss without surgery is possible regardless of your lifestyle.

"I made keto work for my lifestyle which gave me the ability to sustain it long-term. As long as it's enjoyable and easy, committing to it will be enjoyable, and the commitment is what awards you the success."

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Woman's weight loss transformation after shedding 11st without stepping foot in the gym - Daily Star

Diabetes Mellitus is a disease that involves impaired glucose metabolism. Sudden adverse changes in blood glucose (high or low) can lead to altered mental status, to seizures, and even death. Long-term complications include damage to end organs, such as eyes, kidneys, heart, and the neurological system.

Further, this is a condition that would renderan existing medical certificate invalid from the moment the pilot knew of the diagnosis, regardless of any theoretical period of validity that might appear to remain for that certificate.

Are all pilots with diabetes grounded indefinitely? Is there any hope for a pilot with diabetes to fly again? What about commercially?

The answers are reassuring. Private pilots with well-controlled diabeteshave been flying for many years. And a recently implemented program with the support of the Federal Air Surgeon will now enable even more diabetics to return to commercial flying.

Without going into an elaborate explanation of itsphysiology, lets break diabetes down into two categories: non-insulin-dependent and insulin-dependent.

Insulin is a hormone that is released by the pancreas in response to blood glucose levels. All body tissues use glucose for energy. When blood glucose rises, the pancreas secretes insulin, permitting the bodily tissues to store and use glucose for various metabolic functions.

In certain cases of diabetes, the production of insulin is significantly decreased or completely absent. Common names include juvenile, type 1, or insulin-dependent diabetes (IDDM). Dont let the term juvenile confuse the situation, as there are times when insulin dependence might not occur until well into adulthood.

The relevant premise here is that the body has stopped producing sufficient insulin to regulate blood glucose, regardless of the persons age. You might also see the term insulin-treated diabetes (ITDM) in various publications, and for the purposes of FAA medical certification, IDDM and ITDM can be used synonymously.

In other cases, the bodily tissues have become resistant to the insulin that the pancreas is dutifully producing (obesity is a common cause of insulin resistance). Terms familiar to most people include adult-onset, type 2, or non-insulin-dependent diabetes.

Google mellitus for the amusing reference of how that word became part of the lore of diabetes centuries ago. I will provide more pathophysiologic information when I discuss the individual types of diabetes and the respective FAA certification programs more specifically in future submissions.

Therefore, I wont go into the formalities and minutia of how to diagnose, treat, and monitor diabetes in this discussion. Suffice it to say that poorly-controlled diabetes poses a significant threat to aviation safety, not to mention long-term health.

Diabetes that can be controlled with diet, exercise, and weight loss is the proverbial no-brainer in FAA medical certification. Anything a pilot can do without medical intervention is always preferable for long-term health maintenance.

All classes of medical certificates can be easily obtained in this setting and usually a special issuance is not required (at times this is followed through a slightly amended protocol for pre-diabetes that Ill discuss at a future date).

The necessity for oral and some of the injectable non-insulin medications that lower blood glucose to control diabetes also does not preclude FAA medical certification. In this case, while the pilot will be followed under a special issuance authorization, all classes of medical certificates are again included in this protocol. I have had many pilots flying commercially on first- and second-class medical certificates for many years who are taking oral diabetic medications.

If a pilot requires insulin, however, things change. Before 1996, any insulin-dependent pilot was unable to fly (all classes of medical certificates were excluded). Beginning in 1996, pilots could obtain a third-class FAA medical certificate if they are taking insulin and their diabetes is well controlled.

Fortunately, the program for third-class IDDM pilots has been a great success. The very rare adverse in-flight incidents over the years with diabetic pilots usually have occurred in pilots with poorly controlled diabetes who likely would not havebeen granted a special issuance authorization in the first place.

A pilot who requires insulin for treatment has been excluded for classes of FAA medical certificates higher than third-class until just recently. I have been a vocal advocate to the FAA and its various Federal Air Surgeons over the years that well-controlled IDDM pilots should be considered for first- and second-class certification.

With the current precise continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) electronics and advancements available, an insulin-dependent diabetic is now able to maintain tightly-controlled blood glucose levels.

In 2002, Canada began permitting IDDM pilots to fly commercially in a multi-pilot crew environment. The UK began doing so in 2012, and now the U.S. joined that group last month (on November 7).

Notably, there is no restriction in the FAA protocol that an IDDM pilot must be in a crew environment. Thus, an FAA-licensed pilot with a special issuance for IDDM can fly single-pilot so long as all provisions are met. The FARs dont permit the FAA to put restrictions such as must be part of a multi-pilot crew on first-class medical certificates.

There are also several other countries that permit private flying in pilots with various forms of diabetes.

As you can imagine, the FAA was very cautious and reviewed the advances in diabetic management technologies methodically over many years before authorizing this new program. No different than any other special issuance program, the FAA did not want aviation accidents resulting from a poorly conceived program.

This would, of course, be a tragedy for anyone involved in the accident and could jeopardize the entire program itself. Out of respect for caution, the FAA spent many years working on this program. And now, its finally here!

However, the requirements are probably the most extensive of any special issuance program that we have. There will be ongoing evaluations of numerous organ systems. In addition to using the latest technology to monitor and treat a pilot's diabetes, evaluations will be ongoing for eyes, heart, kidneys, and neurological systems.

The data presentation to the FAA is also extensive and thorough. As with some of the other special issuance conditions, the FAA has developed comprehensive checklistsfor pilots, their AMEs, and the treating physiciansand flow sheets to assist in the detailed data presentation to the FAA. Ongoing CGM data will also be required.

As exhaustive as this program is, it has finally opened the world of commercial flying to IDDM pilots who require a first- or second-class FAA medical certificate. I am hopeful that the program will be as successful as the earlier program for third-class pilots has been.

Those with IDDM are often some of the most motivated pilots there are, and the new gadgetry involved has demonstrated to the FAA that precise control of diabetes can indeed be achieved and, therefore, such pilots do not pose a threat to aviation safety. Thus, it is predicted that IDDM pilots will be able to fly safely in commercial operationson first- and second-class special issuance authorizationsin the U.S.

For a pilot to obtain a special issuance authorization under this new IDDM protocol, they will need an organized and motivated team of support. The pilot, first and foremost, must adequately control their diabetes using modern electronics, including CGM devices, as that also will improve the likelihood of maintaining long-term health.

Next, the treating physician must be willing to complete thorough FAA flow sheets and, at select times, consulting physicians will have to provide evaluation data of the other organ systems mentioned above. Finally, the AME must be willing to choreograph all of the data into a packet that will be acceptable to the FAA.

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AINsight: Diabetes and Flying | Business Aviation - Aviation International News

Fans of the high fat, low-carb keto diet praise its appetite-crushing benefit, which is why keto dieting is so popular for weight loss. But since we dont live in a keto-friendly world, the call of carb-rich fare from healthy options, like fruit, yogurt and oatmeal to less healthy foods, like pizza, French fries and dessert can make it hard to stick with the keto diet. Even if youre not craving carbs, a normal social activity, like dinner at a friends house, can pose problems. Enter keto cycling. In this fairly new approach, you cycle on and off the keto diet at various intervals. Though this may sound like the best of both worlds, there are some red flags you should know about.

The keto diet is designed to encourage your body to adapt to using fat instead of its preferred fuel source, glucose, which is the substance thats broken down from the carbohydrates you eat. Though it sounds simple enough, the process involves many biological modifications and it may take a few weeks for these changes to occur. Youll lose weight during this process initially mostly water weight as your body depletes its remaining carbohydrate stores (known as glycogen) and makes this adaptation.

The main challenge keto dieters face is the extreme carb limit, which is capped at about 5 percent to 10 percent of your daily calorie intake, or around 20 grams of carbohydrates per day, depending on your individual calorie level. This amount of carbs is less than the amount in a large banana and given that even non-starchy foods, like nuts and broccoli, contain some carbohydrate, youll reach the cap easily. That means doughy foods, like pizza, pasta and bagels, as well as sweets, are strictly off limits. Thats why keto cycling is so appealing.

Though it has no official definition and theres no actual science to back up its effectiveness, many people take it to mean following the keto diet for five or six days and then following a higher carb menu for a day or two. Besides the obvious benefit of being less rigid, adding back nutritious carbs, like fruit, beans and whole grains, can provide a spectrum of health-protecting substances, including fiber, which is often low on a typical keto menu.

According to the recently released National Lipid Associations scientific statement published in "The Journal of Clinical Lipidology", this type of eating pattern is difficult to maintain and while those who follow it often experience an initial weight loss advantage, over time, the keto diets weight loss benefits arent any better than a more balanced plan.

In theory, keto cycling might make it easier to follow this program, but according to Molly Devine, RD, owner and founder of MSD Nutrition Consulting and Eat Your Keto, the reality may be quite different. Few people have the ability to go on and off keto successfully, she says, explaining that the main challenge is intense cravings for carbs and sugar, which come back once you reintroduce these foods. In Devines experience, this is true whether you take a break for say, a holiday weekend, or even just a meal.

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For those who have struggled with sugar addiction and battled getting sugar out of their diet, following a strict ketogenic diet is the first time they don't feel overwhelmed by cravings due to the metabolic shift from glucose for fuel to ketones. Keto cycling or cheat meals are very challenging for this group because as soon as they get a taste of those foods, the cravings hit hard and they have a tough time getting back on the wagon, she explains.

Franziska Spritzler, RD, CDE, a writer and expert on the medical review board of dietdoctor.com agrees, but says it can depend on the person. She explains that some people do well knowing they can have a small scoop of ice cream or another non-keto treat on occasion and that planning for these non-keto foods can make it easier to stay on the keto diet and facilitate weight loss and better blood glucose control. But she admits that for other people, this approach can lead to intense carb cravings, making it difficult to return to the keto diet.

Setting aside intense cravings, there may be other risks of cycling on and off the keto diet. In one short-term, small study, researchers investigated the impact of following a strict keto diet for six days and then going off plan by consuming a drink containing 75 grams of carbohydrate. For reference, thats slightly less than the amount of carbs in two cans of soda. The damage: We saw a temporary increase in the levels of endothelial microparticles (sometimes called micro vesicles) in the blood, explains study co-author and Assistant Professor at the University of British Columbia Jonathan P. Little. Endothelial cells are the single layer of cells that line and protect our blood vessels. Microparticles are small vesicles that get released from cells when they are inflamed or damaged, so finding an increase in endothelial microparticles tells us that the endothelial cells that line our blood vessels experienced some damage and inflammation when glucose spiked. Though he says that the increase in markers of blood vessel damage was temporary, the long-term impact remains unclear. We know that these endothelial microparticles are elevated in conditions such as heart disease and type 2 diabetes, which is why we were interested in measuring them, he explains.

Besides the potential for blood vessel inflammation, Little also cautions that the metabolic adaptations your body experiences on the keto diet means that youre relatively glucose intolerant, so a meal (or day) of high carb eating might not be the best plan. When you adapt to a ketogenic diet, you become a proficient fat burner and this occurs at the expense of carbohydrate metabolism. It probably isnt the best thing for your metabolism to throw carbohydrates (especially high glycemic index carbs in high amounts such as a glucose tolerance test drink that we used or a big 'cheat meal') into the mix if you are on a ketogenic diet, he says.

Devine agrees and shares concerns about the long-term risks of this approach. The benefits from a ketogenic diet are a one-way street, she says. You can get away with a high intake of dietary fats (including saturated fats) without the negative impact on risk factors for cardiovascular disease (specifically, particle size of LDL and triglycerides) only when these foods are not consumed in conjunction with refined carbs and sugars, explains Devine. In her view, going back and forth will cause more harm than benefit over time. I stress the importance of not cheating on a keto diet because once you start introducing sugars, the high-fat aspect can do more harm than good long-term.

Experts also caution about the risks to your emotional health with keto cycling. Starting keto with the idea that you can go off plan whenever you want and just jump right back in when you feel like it may be counterproductive for your weight, overall health and quality of life, explains Spritzler. Devine also notes that chronic yo-yo dieters may become less successful over time. In her experience, each keto hiatus can become longer and longer and as a result, its likely youll put the weight back on. At that point, the hurdles start to feel insurmountable, she says.

Despite the concerns, if you want to give keto cycling a try, experts recommend cycling in healthful sources of carbs instead of those craveable, heavily processed refined or sugary carbs. Think sweet potatoes, beans, milk and fruit over muffins, rolls and chips.

Its also a good idea to make a plan for your carb-heavy days so you get the most benefit. For example, Spritzler says you might eat them on a workout day. Pay attention to how you feel on the days you eat more carbs, she says. Some questions she suggests asking yourself: Do your energy levels drop or soar? Are you happier and satisfied or anxious and hungry? Does your sleep improve or worsen? Pay attention to your answers. If you feel better off eating carbs occasionally and it doesn't seem to interfere with your weight, keto cycling may be a good fit for you. On the other hand, many people do seem to benefit from staying consistently keto or alternating keto with low carb (around 30-60 grams of net carbs per day), she explains.

Whether you add in those higher carb days or not, your keto diet should focus on other principles of healthy eating. Devine says to emphasize whole foods, quality proteins and heart-healthy unsaturated fats, such as olive oil, avocado, nuts, seeds and fatty fish instead of processed saturated fats, like cheese and processed meats. Spritzler agrees that the focus should be on minimally processed foods and she suggests this simple framework: Consume adequate protein (3-6 ounces) at every meal, include vegetables at most if not all meals, and eat enough to feel full but not stuffed.

The prescriptive nature of total carb abstinence may be appealing to some, but for others, can feel unnecessarily rigid. Its important to get clear on where you fall in the spectrum and use that to guide your dietary decisions. Whether youre trying to lose weight or just get healthier, it also makes sense to think about the foods you enjoy and the way you like to cook and then pick a plan that lines up with your food and lifestyle values. Be real with yourself and identify some non-negotiable foods. If pasta is one of them, keto cycling might be preferable to keto, but you might want to try another approach altogether.

Remember that the keto diet isnt the be all end all even for weight loss. As Kevin C. Maki, co-author of the National Lipid Association Scientific Statement points out, the long-term health impact is unknown. While ketosis may have some benefits for reducing appetite, it may not be necessary to go to such extreme levels of carbohydrate restriction to lose weight and experience some of the other benefits, such as improving blood glucose excursions and triglyceride levels, says Maki, whos also an Adjunct Professor of the Department of Applied Health Science at the School of Public Health at Indiana University, Bloomington Indiana. He acknowledges that a keto-type diet for a limited period of time may work well for some people, but also points out the issues with long-term compliance. Our general view is that most people would be better off focusing on regular exercise (e.g., walking) and consuming a high quality diet that emphasizes fruits, vegetables, whole grains, nuts, seeds, legumes, seafood and non-tropical oils, such as a Mediterranean diet pattern.

Dr. Suzanne Steinbaum, Director of Womens Cardiovascular Prevention, Health and Wellness at Mount Sinai Heart, Fellow of the American College of Cardiology and American Heart Association, and spokesperson for the American Heart Associations Go Red for Women campaign, is also in favor of the Mediterranean diet over the keto diet or keto cycling approach. She says the Mediterranean diet has been shown to reduce the incidence of heart disease by as much as 30 percent and that weight loss and better blood sugar management can be achieved by boosting your vegetable intake and cutting way down on your consumption of overly processed carbs and sweets.

No matter which approach you go for, remember that the idea is to adopt healthier eating habits not just for the next few weeks or months, but for life, which is the real key to healthy and sustainable weight loss.

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Posted: Dec 9, 2019 / 11:54 AM MST / Updated: Dec 9, 2019 / 01:38 PM MST

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Why weight loss requires correcting the metabolism first - ABC 4

The growth of weight loss and obesity management market is attributed to the rising epidemic of obesity across the globe.According to the latest researchby Future Market Insights (FMI), theglobal weight loss and obesity management marketis anticipated to reach a valuation of over US$ 4.9 Bn, by the end of 2028. The weight loss and obesity management market is expected to expand at a steady CAGR of 5.2%, over the forecast period of 2018-2028.

Developing Regions More Prone to Obesity & Other Comorbidities

Increasing number of cases of obesity and related comorbidities will lead to the growing adoption of drugs and devices for weight loss and obesity management, which will further fuel the growth of the global weight loss and obesity management market during the forecast period.

The weight loss and obesity management market is majorly driven by the rising prevalence of obesity. The rising epidemic of obesity presents a major challenge to disease prevention across the globe. It is estimated that by 2030, 38% of the worlds adult population will be overweight and around 20% will be obese. This obesity epidemic is more prevalent in the Middle East and the Asia Pacific regions where food import is quite high. Weight loss and obesity management are helpful in the treatment of highly critical obesity and comorbidities associated with it, such as diabetes, asthma, sleep apnea, and hypertension, etc.

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Increasing health consciousness is also cited as an important factor boosting the revenue growth of the global weight loss and obesity management market. Sizeable consumer population in developed regional markets will particularly continue to generate highdemand for weight loss and obesity managementpractices, according to the report. Millennial and Generation-X consumers are gradually adopting advanced aesthetic services, including weight loss and obesity management, thereby creating adequate opportunities for manufacturers of weight loss and obesity management drugs and devices.

Key Vendors Targeting Extension of Product Portfolio

Leading companies operating in weight loss and obesity management market are majorly focusing on strengthening their product portfolio. Product line extensions help companies to launch newer products with unique features for specific indications. This results in an increased market share of companies in the highly competitive weight loss and obesity management market. In response to increasing demand from various healthcare professionals to effectively treat obesity with minimum long-term side effects, manufacturers are focusing on developing innovative and specific products.

Product innovation is expected to boost revenue and volume growth of the weight loss and obesity management market during the forecast period. For instance, an additional FDA patents approval for VIVUS, Inc.s Qsymia, for the covering compositions of Qsymia and covering methods for effecting weight loss using Qsymia (phentermine and topiramate).

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However, the high cost involved in research and development of obesity drugs is a great challenge for the growth of the weight loss and obesity management market. Additionally, long gestation time required for research and developmental activities as well as the need for a number of essential clinical trials to test drugs adds up to significant expenditure. The limitations posed by high development cost of anti-obesity drugs might hinder the growth of the global weight loss and obesity management market. Moreover, the high cost of surgical procedures, such as gastric bypass surgery, adjustable gastric banding, gastric sleeve surgery and gastric balloon treatment, may also affect the growth of the global weight loss and obesity management market adversely.

The global weight loss and obesity management market is estimated based on product type, and distribution sales. Based on product type, the weight loss and obesity management market has been segmented into drugs and devices.

Drugs product type segment is further segmented into GLP-1 receptor agonists, lipase inhibitors, serotonin receptor agonist, a combination drug, and others. Devices product type segment is further segmented into liposuction devices, bariatric stapling devices, gastric band, gastric balloon systems, gastric emptying systems, and gastric electrical stimulation systems.

Devices segment is expected to hold maximum market share in the global weight loss and obesity management market. Based on distribution sales, the weight loss and obesity management market has been segmented into institutional sales and retail sales. In terms of revenue, institutional sales dominated the global weight loss and obesity management market in 2017.

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Weight Loss and Obesity Management Market is expected to grow at a CAGR of ~5.2% during the forecast period of 2018 to 2028 - chronicles24

Your cube-mate went keto and lost 15 pounds. Your sister-in-law did the Whole30 and felt less moody and less stressed than ever before. Your dad wont stop raving about how the Mediterranean Diet cleaned up his blood pressure and triglycerides. These diets have more in common than being trendy they all ask you to cut your sugar down to almost zero.

In the U.S., added sugars make up roughly 17% of most adults diet. That makes sense considering roughly 74% of packaged foods have added sugar, according to stats from University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill. And before you think youre exempt from that category, turn over whatever bottle or box you just munched out of added sugar is in soda and potato chips, but also Greek yogurt, smoothies, trail mix, and protein bars, says Harley Pasternak, celeb trainer and co-founder of Sweetkick.

And unlike going low-carb or low-fat both controversial because they force you to cut out foods from your diet that are actually nutritious reducing your sugar intake is suggested by every health professional worldwide. (Spoiler: It's been tied to weight gain, depression, and increased risk of pretty much every disease.)

Translation: If you're overwhelmed with trendy diets but thinking about making some diet changes in 2020, sugar is a pretty good place to start. Ahead, everything you need to know about the mental and physical health benefits of a sugar "detox" plus tips for how to cut sugar out of your diet for good.

RELATED: Everything You Think You Know About Carbs Is Wrong

All sugars are a type of carbohydrate, but there are two types of sugar molecules: simple and compound.

Simple sugars contain one molecule glucose, fructose, or galactose and are the foundation for every type of sweet treat. Because they only contain a single molecule, they break down really quickly, spiking your blood sugar which is why we often call them quick-burning fuel. (More on this category in a minute.)

Compound sugars are made up of two or more of these foundational molecules and encompass things like sucrose, lactose, fiber, and starches. The combination of molecules means your body processes them slightly slower, which is a good thing. But depending on their chemical makeup, they can still be pretty bad for that spike in insulin. Which brings us to...

Considering galactose is almost exclusively found in lactose i.e. milk products fructose and glucose are the main simple sugars we are dealing with. And fructose is really the biggest problem, says Kimber Stanhope, Ph.D., R.D, research nutritional biologist with the University of California Davis and the SugarScience team at the University of California San Francisco. (A 2019 study analysis agrees, pointing to fructose above other offending molecules like glucose.)

Okay, quick bio lesson (stay with us this helps explain pretty much everything else): Glucose and fructose, the two main simple sugars, have the exact same chemical composition. However, they have a different rate-limiting enzyme, which influences how your body responds to the molecule.

Remember, sugar is a carb which means its purpose is to provide fuel for the body. When you eat any sugar, it leaves the intestine and goes directly to the liver. Glucoses rate-limiting enzyme (called PFK) is very sensitive to how much energy (aka fuel) the liver needs. If the organ is full-up, PFK shuts down and all the glucose bypasses the liver and goes to the brain, the muscles, fat cells, nerve cells in essence, it allows the rest of the body to use the energy source as fuel.

Fructose, on the other hand, has a rate-limiting enzyme called fructokinase, which doesnt really care how much energy is already in the liver. That means when fructose leaves the intestines and hits the liver, it stays there. The liver is then stuck dealing with a big overload of the sweet molecule. It stores some as glycogen to later be used as fuel during, say, a workout; but the liver can only store so many carbs or sugars, so whatever fructose is leftover, the liver does what it always does with too much potential energy: It stores the fructose as fat.

That fat has two fates, neither of which are good, Dr. Stanhope says: Its either sent into the blood along with cholesterol, raising things like triglycerides which directly increases your risk for heart disease; or its stored in the liver, increasing liver fat which, among other consequences, can cause insulin resistance, upping your risk for type 2 diabetes. For most people, both happen, increasing their risk for most of the top deadly diseases in America, Dr. Stanhope adds.

The main added sugars we consume are sucrose and high fructose corn syrup (found in sodas, desserts, candies, even salad dressing). Both of these are made up of both glucose and fructose, but the latter is harmful enough to trump the dynamic, meaning these added sugars still contribute to your disease risk, Dr. Stanhope says.

While its important we dont over-eat sugar of any kind, not all sugar is created equal, Pasternak says. That is, added sugar is enemy but natural sugars meaning fruit are a go.

The sugars in natures candy are a mix of sucrose, fructose, and glucose but there are a handful of reasons you dont need to stress over the fructose in your fruit, Dr. Stanhope says: For starters, fruits are no more than 10% sugar. And because of that, youd have to eat a lot of produce to equal the amount of fructose youd get in, say, a soda way more than most people are willing to or capable of eating in a day.

Mostly though, fruits fiber saves it from being a sugar rush fiber slows down the rate at which our body processes the accompanying molecules, so your liver and brain arent overloaded with sugar but instead are able to process it over a healthier timeline.

Whats more, fruit has a whole lot of other nutrients, namely bioactive compounds like polyphenols, that boost our health and create an advantage thats above and beyond any potential damage the fructose an do.

In fact, a 2018 meta-analysis in BMJ reports that carbohydrate quality, including sugars, plays a much larger role in disease risk than quantity that is, things like added sugars and high-glycaemic load grains are more related to obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and some cancers; whereas whole fruits, non-starchy vegetables, and legumes, help protect against it.

The problem: The food industry has come up with a zillion ways to say "added sugar" on a label, making it hard to know what to steer clear of. (Literally there are at least 61 different names for sugar listed on food labels.) Look for common terms like brown sugar, corn sweetener, corn syrup, dextrose, fructose, glucose, high-fructose corn syrup, honey, lactose, malt syrup, maltose, molasses, raw sugar, and sucrose.

Were not asking you to cut out added sugar always and forever. The word cleanse is overused the body is so resilient it doesnt really need to be cleansed, says Pasternak. But a sugar reset is really about resetting your habits, your palette, and your relationship to sugar.

Going through a sugar reset will help re-balance your neurochemical and hormonal production and improve pretty much every aspect of your health. And while nixing sweets from your eternal future sounds overwhelming, cutting back for a reset will actually help you crave less of it in the long-term. Heres nine benefits you can expect from cutting sugar:

Sugar increases your risk for obesity, type 2 diabetes, and pretty much every metabolic disease, but the major risk is to your heart: Researchers from Harvard looked at peoples diet over 15 years and found those who regularly got 17 to 21 percent of their calories from added sugar were 38 percent more likely to die of cardiovascular disease, compared to those who limited added sugar to 8 percent of their calories. In fact, just one or two additional servings of sugar a day increases your risk for coronary heart disease by 10 to 20 percent, reports a 2018 study in Nutrients.

Now, lets be real: Most of us under 45 arent thinking about heart disease. But the health issues that people encounter later in life are a byproduct of the poor food decisions that theyve made since they were young, says Pasternak. And considering heart disease is the leading cause of death for both men and women (most of whom more than likely didnt think theyd be a statistic when they were young and healthy), this is a huge perk.

People love to say our brain becomes addicted to sugar, and some studies have suggested this but the research is almost exclusively on mice and our brains are much more complex, says Drew Ramsey, M.D. assistant clinical professor of psychiatry at Columbia University who studies how nutrition affects mood disorders.

But while sugars not actually addictive in the official definition of the word, it definitely has a hold on your brain: Eating sweets and carbs prompts our brain to take up more tryptophan which is used to make serotonin, aka the happiness hormone. Thats why your brain craves the sweet stuff, he explains.

Sugar activates the reward center in your brain, so the more sugar you eat, the more youre going to want to eat sugar, he explains. Whats more, a recent study in Obesity revealed that when we eat something that has at least two of fat, sugar, carbs, or salt so-called hyper-palatable foods our brains ability to decipher when weve had enough to eat is overpowered, which increases the chances youll overeat.

Even if youre sticking with seemingly healthier sweets like vanilla yogurt or smoothies, eating a lot of sugar cultivates a microbiome thats hungry for the molecule, which often furthers the craving cycle, Dr. Ramsey adds.

Eating a diet high in added sugar means youre inevitably eating less fruits and vegetables, which increases the chances were missing out on nutrients key for body and brain health things like magnesium, zinc, omega 3 fats, Dr. Ramsey says. One-fifth of deaths world-wide are thanks to poor diets namely those low in fresh vegetables, seeds and nuts but high in sugar, salt, and trans fat which breeds disease, reports recent research in The Lancet. Meanwhile, eating more fresh fruits and vegetables is directly linked with weight loss, fending off depression, and higher levels of happiness and life satisfaction.

Youre giving birth to thousands of brain cells a day and theyre always in the state of repairing and trying to make new connections, largely thanks to the neurochemical brain-derived neurotrophic factor, or BDNF, Dr. Ramsey explains.

Added sugars likely suppresses BDNF production, and certain nutrients in whole foods enhance it so ditching processed foods for real produce means a healthier brain.

Men and women who consumed a ton of sugar per day (67+ grams, which is 17 teaspoons of sugar or just under 2 cans of Coke) were more likely to show symptoms of depression over five years than folks who cut back (less than 40 grams a day, or 10 teaspoons), reports a 2017 study in Scientific Reports.

Theres a few things at play here. For starters, not eating enough fruits and vegetables significantly increases your odds for depression, according to a 2017 study in BMC Psychiatry. And that BDNF suppression comes into play, too, since less of the brain-derived neurotrophic factor is directly linked with depression.

The root of all this: What you eat directly affects the bacteria in your gut. The types of bacteria that live in your colon affect how you feel and think and how anxious you are, Dr. Ramsey adds. Plants and fermented foods create diversity; sugar creates discontent.

The World Health Organization recommends adults and children limit their added sugar intake to max 5% of their overall calories specifically to protect their oral health, as studies show this is the threshold for developing tooth decay. Bacteria feeds on sugar molecules, so the more its in your mouth, the more often bacteria can breed.

This may or may not be on your list of 2020 goals, but eating less sugar is directly linked to losing weight, and eating more of it with weight gain, according to a meta-analysis out of New Zealand. Sugar causes spikes in insulin which is our master metabolic switch that then tells your body to store visceral fat, Dr. Ramsey explains. Heres why thats important, even if you dont care about losing weight: Visceral fat not only increases body fat, but it actively produces inflammation, increasing your risk for depression, obesity, and type 2 diabetes, among other issues, he adds.

The inflammation sugar creates in the body can exacerbate skin conditions like eczema, acne, and rosacea. Hormones, genetics, and stress can all be culprits too, but docs say giving up sweets can significantly help your skin calm down.

RELATED: What Does Sugar Actually Do to Your Skin?

The types of bacteria that live in your colon affect how you feel and think, how anxious you are, whether you gain weight, how hungry you are, what you crave, Dr. Ramsey says.

When you eat sugar, youre feeding the less healthy bacteria in your gut and creating inflammation, he explains. Having an unhealthy microbiome creates an immune system thats out of whack and a metabolic system that isnt running as efficiently as it should, he says. When we eat more plants, diverse fibers, and fermented foods, however, we create a more diverse microbiome.

Itll only take about two weeks off sugar for the cravings to quit, Dr. Ramsey says. And if you make it a month, for most people that means theyve found a sustainable way to eat sugar-free. But a lot of people relapse in the third or fourth week, he adds. Your best bet: Go in with a game plan. Here are some general rules to make giving up the sweet stuff easier on your brain and body.

Read the original:
Is Eliminating Sugar the Only "Diet" We Should Be Taking Seriously? - Yahoo Lifestyle

Back pain is a painful condition that affects everyone at some point in their lives. The pain felt in the back usually gets better on its own and can be managed by keeping mobile or taking over-the-counter-painkillers. There are a variety of ways one could try to help ease the pain they feel in their back.

Spinal manipulation

This method involves using the hands to adjust, massage or stimulate the spine.

The National Centre for Complementary and Integrative Health (NCCIH) state that spinal manipulation or chiropractic manipulation helps more with lower back pain.

Acupuncture

A traditional Chinese medicine, acupuncture can be used to help treat a variety of ailments from chronic diseases to chronic pain.

An overview of systematic reviews found that acupuncture may help restore function and relive pain is some people who have chronic lower back pain.

DONT MISS

Anti-inflammatory diet

Studies have shown that having higher levels of inflammation has a close connection to certain types of chronic pain.

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs including ibuprofen, work well for some types of pain.

Research suggests that certain foods can help lower inflammation in the body and these include vegetables, fruits, nuts, fish and whole grains.

Weight loss

Being overweight can cause back pain due to increased pressure on the spine and strain of the back muscles.

One study found that obesity has links to high levels of low back pain and disability in men.

Correcting posture

Incorrect posture could be the cause of back pain for some people, so taking the right steps to correct it may bring some relief.

Studies have shown that incorrect posture contributed to low back pain in adolescents.

There are wearable devices that can gently pull the shoulders back, reminding a person to correct their posture.

Excerpt from:
Back pain: 10 proven ways to help alleviate back pain without surgery - Express

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Diet quality is associated with malnutrition and low calf circumference in Canadian long-term care residents - BMC Blogs Network

TV ReviewsAll of our TV reviews in one convenient place.

Welcome to The A.V. Clubs Experts reviews of HBOs His Dark Materials. It is written from the perspective of someone who has read all three books in Philip Pullmans trilogy, and intended for an audience of viewers who have also read these books. While the main review will not actively spoil details from future books, there will be a spoiler-specific section at the end of the review, and the conversation in the comments will feature spoilers from all books in the series. For those who wish to avoid these spoilers, please visit our Newbies reviews.

When evaluating an adaptation, its impossible not to read ahead a bit as youre watching. The very function of these experts reviews is to think about the long-term ramifications of changes made by the television version of this story, even if the nature of episodic criticism means that Im also evaluating each individual episode as a piece of television drama.

Over the past few weeks, the tension between those elements of His Dark Materials has shown a bit. I wouldand did!argue that the past couple of episodes have essentially worked as pieces of television drama, but in the comments there was a significant conversation about the way choices made would impact future developments, and its hard to disagree in light of The Daemon-Cages. Its a pivotal moment in the conflict of the season, but one which is rendered inscrutable by a season-wide struggle to depict the human-daemon relationship in a legible way. As a book reader, our brains will subconsciously fill in potential gaps in the story logic being presented, and the show has been close enough to getting it right in the big moments in the past few episodes that its been able to skate by. But in the case of this episode, the shows attempts to generate tension and consequence come routinely undone by the cumulative effect of daemons being inconsistently and generally poorly depicted.

I understand that CGI is expensive. Its clear in this episode alone that the budget really wasnt enough to depict this show at its proper scale: just look at how the battle at Bolvangar is reimagined in close quarters, and the entire group of witches is trimmed down to just Serafina Pekkala. And so if the show is going to exist at all, then there needs to be sacrifices, and so it makes sense that there isnt going to be enough money to give every single character a clearly depicted daemon. Its understandable that shots will often be framed in a way that cuts out the daemons below, and that not every character will have a fully developed daemon of their own.

However, its unfortunate that none of the producers seemed to be aware of the problem this would create when they got to Bolvangar. Its a sequence that depends heavily on understanding the uncanniness of a person without a daemon in this world: its about Lyras fear of losing a part of herself, and her fear for the other children who could face this fate. But despite being mostly fine with the adjustments to Billy Costas fate in last weeks episode, the second Lyra joins the other children in Bolvangas cafeteria I realized the whole piece wasnt going to work. Only a handful of children have daemons, and none of them have any personality or dialogue with their humans. Outside of the poor girl selected to be separated as soon as Lyra arrives, none of the subsequent kids that are introduced are given daemons with any kind of identity. And so when Lyra breaks the news that the kids who disappear are being separated from their daemons, the actual meaning of that is lost because they might as well all be separated from their daemons anyway.

Now, Jack Thornes solution to this is to focus on the effect of the procedure on the children themselves. In other words, the threat is not the loss of the daemon and its connection, but rather the loss of awareness of your surroundings, becoming almost zombie-like. We see this with the Bolvangar assistants whose daemons were stripped away to ensure their pliability, and the show veers away from the books to suggest that the children themselves are being kept in Bolvangar along with their daemons, trapped in a separate dormitory and then eventually rescued by the Gyptians. The shows argument is that seeing these consequences of intercisionbeginning with Billy Costa, of courseprovides enough of a sense of danger and concern to fuel the episodes tension. But just because the audience knows that something bad could happen doesnt mean they truly understand the reasons its bad, and those reasons are what make the daemons such a powerful part of this story. Sure, The Daemon-Cages articulates that Lyra and these children are in danger, but the very specific idea of separating from your daemon needed to be understood on a deeper level than whats depicted here.

And there were numerous opportunities to explore it. Theres a brief scene of Pan and Rogers daemona conversing while their respective humans pretend not to know each other, but why not depict a whisper network of daemons, all spreading the word about the coming threat? Why is that the show never depicts other characters conversing with their daemons, so that they dont just seem like pets to everyone but Lyra, Serafina, and Lee? Why not give us at LEAST a couple of closeups of daemon-on-daemon fights in the midst of the battle at Bolvangar, instead of just occasionally throwing in a bird flying through the air as though thats the same thing? When literally no one but Lyra is seen having a close relationship with her daemon, and even that relationship is consistently underplayed (where was Pan during her encounter with Mrs. Coulter?), the very idea of a daemon is mostly irrelevant at the very moment when it was supposed to become absolutely pivotal. Would an average viewer even notice that the Bolvangar assistants dont have daemons, when so few characters seem to have them?

Lyras conversation with Mrs. Coulter is the most the show has actively talked about what daemons represent, but it felt trivializing to me. Marisa describes daemons as wonderful companions and friends to you when youre young, but asserts that they bring all sorts of troublesome thoughts and feelings. Its an effort to position the daemon as the source of dust, but the whole point of the story is that Lyra instinctively knows this isnt true. She knows that the daemon is part of her soul, and that their connection is not defined by sin but rather something far more profound than that, but do we as the audience know that? As Mrs. Coulter makes her argument for intercision as a concept, the show has failed to provide an alternative view of daemons to counter it, beyond simply the fact that we know taking away daemons turns kids into zombies and we instinctively dont want that to happen. Thats enough to create conflict, yes, but its a shallower conflict than the one depicted in the books, and could have been avoided if they had done more work building the human-daemon connection in previous episodes. I understand that budget constraints might have forced their hand, but the fact it wasnt a priority is disheartening, and fundamentally caught up with the show in this hour.

Mrs. Coulter is at the heart of the episodes other change, which continues the effort to move a significant part of her character development forward. In the books at this stage, I would argue were given no reason to trust her, or believe that she could be redeemed in any significant way. And while shes still the antagonist here, the episode goes out of its way to suggest that she is simply caught up in the doctrine of the church and her own shame over her affair with Lord Asriel, and experiences regret about what went down at Bolvangar when she (weirdly) eavesdrops on the reunion of the Gyptians with the kidnapped children. Its a choice that Im struggling with a bit: I understand where its coming from, but I dislike the idea that a non-reader would never question whether Marisa would save Lyra from the intercision at this stage in the story. And the fact that she slinks away without the sense that her position on this might have changed now that Lyra tricked her and destroyed her entire operation feels like a missed opportunity to reintroduce a sense of danger to a relationship that feels stripped of it.

As always, though, its important to remember that only book readers experience this as a stripping of meaning: non-readers wouldnt know the show is reframing the effects of intercision, or softening Mrs. Coulters edges. However, while I cant say for certain and a glimpse of the Newbies review suggests I may be mistaken, The Daemon-Cages feels like the point where the cumulative impact of the shows various struggles to articulate the central human-daemon relationship turned into something even a non-reader would recognize as being off, and takes what was once a climactic moment and turns it into just another stop on Lyras journey.

So, two notes here. First and foremost, my biggest issues with The Amber Spyglass boil down to my feeling that its on-the-nose pivot to being about love doesnt feel earned, so hearing Lee throw out the word during his chat with Serafina got my back up a bit. Ill admit it worked better on my recent reread than it did when I was in college and even more jaded than I am now, but back then it really soured me on the thematics of this story, and its why Im worried that the show will REALLY lean into love both for its efficiency and because it lets them sidestep the religious side of things more easily.

Secondly, though, I think its a shame that we lost the scene of Lyra letting all of the daemons loose from their cages and setting them free. Not only was it a pivotal scene for establishing the burden on the daemons as well as the humans involved in the intercision process, but it also offered a productive parallel to Lyras role in freeing the ghosts in The Amber Spyglass. I would hate to think that the scene doesnt exist solely because they didnt have enough money (or the right priorities) to depict it, but it just isnt the same for the Gyptians to be carrying the daemons back south with them. That was Lyras moment!

See the article here:
His Dark Materials buckles under the weight of its missing daemons (experts) - The A.V. Club

(MENAFN - The Conversation) When you google 'weight loss' the challenge to sort fact from fiction begins. These five supplements claim to speed up weight loss, but let's see what the evidence says.

Raspberry ketones , sold as weight loss tablets, are chemicals found in red raspberries responsible for that distinct raspberry flavour and smell. You can also make raspberry ketones in a lab.

A study inobese rats found raspberry ketones reduced their total body fat content . In one study, 70 adults with obesity were put on aweight loss diet and exercise program, and randomised to take a supplementcontaining either raspberry ketones, or other supplements such as caffeine or garlic, or a placebo.

Only 45 participants completed the study. The 27 who took a supplement lost about 1.9 kilos, compared to 400 grams in the 18 in the placebo group. The drop-out rate was so high that these results need to be interpreted with a lot of caution.

Asmall pilot study of five adultsfound no effect on weight when the participants were told to maintain their current eating and exercise patterns and just took supplements of 200mg/day of raspberry ketones.

Concerns have been raised aboutpotential toxic effects of raspberry ketoneson the heart and for reproduction.

Verdict: Fiction! Leave the raspberry ketone supplements on the shelf. Spend your money on foods that contain them, including fresh berries, kiwifruit, peaches, grapes, apples and rhubarb.

Read more: Do ketogenic diets help you lose weight?

Matchais a green tea made from leaves of the Camellia sinensis, or tea plant, but it's processed into a green powder and can be mixed into liquids or food. Before the leaves are harvested, the tea plant is put in the shade for a few weeks, which increases the content of theanine and caffeine.

No studies have tested the effect of matcha on weight loss. Areview of six studies using green tea preparations for weight lossover 12 weeks found a difference based on country. In studies conducted outside of Japan, people consuming green tea did not lose more weight than controls. In the eight studies conducted within Japan, the mean weight loss ranged from 200 grams to 3.5 kilos in favour of green tea preparations.

Verdict: Fiction! There are currently no studies testing whether matcha tea accelerates weight loss.

Read more: Science or Snake Oil: do skinny teas boost weight loss?

Garcinia Cambogiais a tropical fruit that contains a large amount ofHydroxycitric Acid(HCA), claimed to aid weight loss.

Inanimal studies , HCA interferes with usual production of fatty acids. If this was transferred to humans it could theoretically make it harder to metabolise fat and speed up weight loss. Research studies in humans show this is not the case.

While one12-week trial in overweight womenrandomised them to a low kilojoule diet, with or without HCA and found the HCA group lost significantly more weight (3.7 compared to 2.4 kilos for placebo), two other trials found no difference in weight loss.

A12-week trial in 135 men and womenfound no difference in weight loss between the HCA group (3.2 kilos) and the placebo group (4.1 kilos). Aten-week trial in 86 men and women who were overweightand randomised to take either Garcinia Cambogia extract or placebo, but were not also put on a weight-loss diet, found minimal weight loss of 650 grams versus 680 grams, with no difference between groups.

Verdict: Fiction! Garcinia cambogia does not accelerate weight loss.

Read more: Science or Snake Oil: is Garcinia cambogia the magic weight-loss pill it's hyped up to be?

Caffeine is claimed to increase your metabolic rate and therefore speed up weight loss. Research studies in volunteers of a healthy weight found an increase in metabolic rate, but it depended on the dose. Themore caffeine supplements consumed, the more the metabolic rate went up .

The lowest caffeine dose of 100mg, the amount in one instant coffee, increased the average metabolic rate by nine calories per hour, while the 400mg dose, which is roughly equivalent to the caffeine found in two to three cups of barista-made coffee, increased metabolic rate by about 34 calories per hour over three hours.

Whenadults with obesity were given caffeine supplementsat a dose of 8mg per kilo of body weight, there was an increase in metabolic rate of about 16% for up to three hours.

In a study in which adults with obesity were asked to follow a weight-loss diet, then randomised to receive either200mg caffeine supplements three times a day for 24 weeks or a placebo supplement , there was no difference in weight change between groups. For the first eight weeks, the group taking caffeine supplements experienced side-effects of insomnia, tremor and dizziness.

Verdict: Fiction! While caffeine does speed up the body's metabolic rate in the short-term, it does not speed up weight loss.

Read more: Health Check: four reasons to have another cup of coffee

Alkalising products are promoted widely. These include alkaline water, alkalising powders andalkaline diets . You're supposed to measure the acidity of your urine and/or saliva to 'assess' body acidity level. Urine usually has a slightly acidic pH (average is about pH6) vegetables and fruit make it more alkaline, while eating meat makes it less so.

Saliva has a neutral pH of 7. Alkaline diets recommend you modify what you eat based on your urine or saliva pH, claiming a more alkaline pH helps digestion, weight loss and well-being.

Butyour stomach is highly acidicat a pH less than 3.5, with this acid helping breakdown food. It then moves into the small bowel fordigestion and absorption where the pH increasesto 4.5-5.0, which is still acidic.

Your body has finely controlled pH balancing mechanisms tomake sure your blood pH stays between 7.35-7.45 . If it did not, you would die.

On the positive side,alkaline diets encourage healthier eatingby promoting plant based foods such as fruit and vegetables. There is some evidence lower intakes of foods of animal origin that contribute to acid load are associated withbetter long-term health .

Verdict: Fiction! There is no scientific evidence to support alkaline water or powders speeding up weight loss.

If you'd like to learn more about weight loss enrol in our free six week online course The Science of Weight Loss Dispelling Diet Myths,here .

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Five supplements that claim to speed up weight loss and what the science says - MENAFN.COM

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