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Gastric bypass surgery may treat type 2 diabetes in selected patients.

Weight loss surgery has shown more effectiveness in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) who underwent gastric bypass surgery resulting in better insulin production in 6 months to a year without the need of further medication. This is rationalized due to dramatic weight loss and calorie cutting along after surgery. Thus, comprehending why gastric bypass is the most effective metabolic surgery to treat diabetes, why obese patients are noticeably less hungry post weight-loss surgery, and why improvement in diabetes after surgery may experience worsening within a matter of years are important considerations to account.

Several theories have been proposed to explain the causes of glycemic control post weight loss surgery. Some of the most common bariatric surgeries conducted are sleeve gastrectomy, Roux-en-Y gastric bypass, and gastric banding. The first two reduces the size of the stomach and the latter slows the flow of food into the GI tract. Although all three resolve T2D, gastric bypass has proven to be the most effective one. In the UK, an observational study showed that all participants who underwent gastric bypass, sleeve gastrectomy, and gastric banding were in remission at 43, 17, and 7 times higher respectively than no surgery. In comparison, gastric bypass yields more weight loss and effectiveness with nearly 2-fold higher remission rates than banding. Moreover, the National Institutes of Health-funded Longitudinal Assessment of Bariatric Surgery (LABS) study found 69% diabetes remission in obese patients in 3 years with Roux-en-Y gastric bypass versus 30% with laparoscopic gastric banding.

The compound effect of both caloric restriction and weight loss post surgery yields lower blood glucose and improves insulin sensitivity. Although results can be obtained without surgery within 10 to 20 days of caloric restriction, it is not feasible for obese patients for a prolonged period because surgery curbs appetite, increases satiety, and changes patients feeding behaviors. There is evidence that obese people are less sensitive to the pleasures of eating, resulting in compulsive eating. An experiment in rats on long-term food preferences post bariatric surgery showed that they no longer preferred highly concentrated sucrose, but the science behind the effects of microbiome on the brain is yet to be understood.

Reversal in satiety hormones, insulin and leptin influence eating habits as one study showed that patients were more sensitive to sweetness after surgery. A Swedish study showed reduction in remission rates from 72% to 30% after two years of bariatric surgery, versus the LABS study that showed 59% of patients ongoing remission rates after 7 years of gastric surgery indicated that non-permanent diabetes remission could reduce the risk of long-term secondary complications. Although animal studies have not shown a profound effect in reduction in hunger hormone ghrelin after bariatric surgery, multiple gut hormones have been associated with neuroresponse phenomena that may either affect satiety or production of insulin, followed by gastric bypass.

According to the hindgut hypothesis, the postprandial release of insulin-stimulating hormones, such as glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) is enhanced due to gastric bypass and sleeve gastrectomy. Nevertheless, study results of weight loss surgery in transgenic mice without GLP-1 receptors showed no difference in the outcome. Researchers are investigating the role of microbiome in glycemic control. Bypassing the upper or proximal small intestine may account for the procedures antidiabetic effects that are independent of caloric restriction, malabsorption, and weight loss. Its theorized that prediabetic hormones are normally released when a meal passes through the proximal small intestine and that rerouting food with surgery reduces the secretion of these hormones.

In general, surgery is an ideal option for obese patients with type 2 diabetes, if lifestyle modifications and therapeutic medications have failed. Unfortunately, researchers have learned that patients with bariatric surgery are prone to depression because compulsive eating was a coping mechanism for them and a recent study found that the risk of self-harm, such as intentional drug overdose, increases, especially among patients with pre-existing mental health disorders. Moreover, former alcoholics are at an increased risk of relapsing due to either mood issues or due to calories consumed without stressing the reduced stomach. Experts emphasize on incorporating the mood-boosting physical activity following surgery to counter the unwanted adverse effects.

Currently, researchers are studying the combined effects of anti-diabetic and weight-lowering GLP-1 with other hormones. Also, a less-invasive endoscopic approach is under study by placing a tube-shaped liner and mucosal resurfacing with thermal ablation that targets the foregut. Overall, it seems likely in the near future to develop a combination of drugs that would target both obesity and T2D. Most importantly, understanding the root cause that influences the brain from eating would help in treating patients and eliminate invasive procedures.

Practice Pearls:

References:

Abbasi J. Unveiling the Magic of Diabetes remission after weight-loss surgery. JAMA. Feb 14, 2017; 317(6): 571-574.

American Diabetes Association. Standards of medical care in diabetes2017. Diabetes Care. 2017; 40(Suppl. 1): S6-S10.

Greenhill C. OBESITY: Assessing the long-term outcomes of bariatric surgery in adolescents. Natures Reviews

Endocr. Macmillan, Jan 20, 2017. Web Feb 28, 2017. http://www.nature.com/nrendo/journal/v13/n3/full/nrendo.2017.2.html

Original post:
Weight-Loss Surgery Leads to Diabetes Remission - Diabetes In Control

Men's Health

6 Weight-Loss Pill Lies You Should Never Believe Men's Health Misleading ads for weight-loss products continue to target consumers desperate for results. In fact, just the other day I heard an ad that promised to remove undigested food causing pounds of unwanted belly fat. Huh? Nearly three in four people are ... and more »

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6 Weight-Loss Pill Lies You Should Never Believe - Men's Health

SARAH BERRY

Last updated19:15, March 27 2017

Calorie controlled diets are notoriously hard to maintain in the long-term and the diet industry makes its money "off failure, not success".

A new weight-loss study has found that significant results can be achieved without counting a single calorie.

The study's participants maintained an average weight loss of over 10 kilograms one year after the 12-week programme finished, prompting the researchers to conclude: "This research has achieved greater weight loss at sixand 12 months than any other trial that does not limit energy intake or mandate regular exercise."

What did they do?Calorie controlled diets are notoriously hard to maintain in the long-term and the diet industry makes its money "off failure, not success".So the 33 participants in the intervention group of this studywere not asked to count caloriesor even increase their exercise levels.

123RF

Can you eat bread and lose weight? Yes, according to a new study.

For 12 weeks, theycould choose their own meals and eat as much fruit, vegetables, whole grains, legumes and natural, unrefined soy as they wanted. Theyreceived cooking classes and daily vitamin B supplementsand were asked to avoid animal products, processed products andto minimise high-fat plant foods such as nuts and avocados (only 7 to 15 per cent of their daily energy intake came from fat).

READ MORE: *Woman's dramatic 43kg loss *How four Kiwis changed their diets to save their lives *Taking the diet out of 'diet' books

A control group of 32 participants received standard medical care for the same duration without any dietary programme or change.

At the end of the trial, there were no "significant" changes among the control group, while the intervention group demonstrated "dramatic" improvements, with an average of 12.1 kilograms lost at the six-month follow-up and still a steady average of 11.5 kilograms lost at the 12-month mark.

The group also reported higher self-esteem and nutritional know-how, had lower cholesterol andwere using less medication.

"Previous research had highlighted reasonable weight loss [via a plant-based diet], so we knew this was possible, but very few of these studies have been randomised, which is a powerful way to reveal true effects from an intervention," says lead author,Dr Nicholas Wright, of the study, published this week in the journalNutrition and Diabetes.

"We were pleased with the large and sustained changes that were achieved with only two group sessions per week, while participants made their own food choices."

He believes that, in part, the group has been able to maintain their weight-loss and health improvements because the cooking classes gave them confidence and skills.

"People need concrete skills they can learn and rehearse, especially in an enabling and comfortable environment," says Wright, of the Royal New Zealand College of General Practice. "Social contact makes the classes more enjoyable, and people really struggle to maintain behaviour changes if they don't enjoy them. The group setting allows people to share problems and solutions, which we felt made for effective learning. "

As for staying away from healthy fats, Wright says a little bit (no more than a handful of nuts a day, for instance) is OK but says it depends on a person's goals.

"Once someone is at a normal weight they can reintroduce these foods without too many problems. The problem arises when people think they are good for weight loss, due to some pretty shoddy science," he explains.

"There was one meta-analysis with nut consumption where they've claimed it helps with weight, but then in the small print they've stated it was using an energy-controlled diet."

He also points to the work of Dr Dean Ornish and Dr. Caldwell B. EsselstynJr, who have both found that a low-fat, plant-based diet may be able to reverse heart disease and other chronic diseases.

While others haveargued against the need to ditch the good fatsand insisted that, for many people, eating this wayis unsustainable in the long-term, Wright insists it can be.

"In order for weight loss, a person needs to change their energy balance: consume less total energy or exercise more. There is no way around that," says Wright, who has followed a vegan diet for seven years.

"Taking in less energy can be 'eating less' but we don't think this is the best approach, as it's hard to sustain being hungry. Consuming less calories doesn't have to be actually eating less food, it can be simply eating less dense foods.

"It wasn't restricted because we told participants to eat as much as they liked, as often as they liked. Some people were eating a very large amount of tasty food and still losing weight. Many participants reported being able to eat as much as they liked and still lose weight as one of the main reasons they could maintain the changes."

Amanda Salis of The Boden Institute of Obesity, Nutrition, Exercise & Eating Disorders at the University of Sydney agrees.

"This is an excellent outcome, and shows the benefits of eating whole foods with minimal processing," says Salis, who was not involved with the study. "The body is extremely adept at dropping excess weight, provided that the foods consumed are not ultra-processed foods.

"All weight loss occurs via a reduction in kilojoule intake relative to kilojoule needs. What is nice is that when whole foods are used as the basis of the diet, with a lot of vegetables and fruits, people can eat to satisfy their physical hunger and still lose weight."

Wright adds:"This research supports the whole food plant-based diet as safe and effective. We had many significant findings, including weight loss, lowered cholesterol, less medication usage, decreased waist circumference, and increased quality of life, and this was without increased spending on food or changes to exercise levels. This dietary approach can enable people to feel empowered to improve their medical conditions, but can be used outside of this setting too."

-SMH

See the rest here:
'Dramatic' weight-loss possible without counting calories, study finds ... - Stuff.co.nz

BY CATHERINE STEARNS

Do you have a scale in your bathroom? Do you step on it every day? As a nation, we are focused on all the wrong numbers when it comes to our weight control. A new, more efficient and smarter way of thinking about our weight and nutrition is starting to take shape. Counting calories is out, balancing macronutrient percentages are in. Weight on the scale is out, body composition monitoring is in. Change is hard. Sustaining a gradual, healthy weight loss is even more challenging. Breaking free from daily monitoring of numbers that dont change that frequently or easily will aid in your progress and reduce your stress along the way! The Ups and Downs. Weight fluctuations can happen from day to day for a host of different reasons. The most common reasons for fluctuations are dehydration, carbohydrate intake, hormonal changes for women and even salt intake. This is why low-carb diets tend to work so dramatically in the first couple of weeks stored carbohydrates, which retain water, are released along with the fat and muscle. Gaining Muscle. Most people cannot gain more than 1-2 pounds of muscle per month. Knowing this, the scale is most likely not tipping in the direction of a gain due to your last few bouts with the elliptical. If you see the scale heading in the wrong direction, your increase in exercise and need for more fuel or calories has probably caused you to overeat. The most common culprits of excess calories when first starting an exercise routine tend to be hidden in your choice of beverages or those healthy bars. When to Weigh. A good rule of thumb is to weigh in at the same time of day on the same day of the week, once a week or once every other. This is good advice to both manage your stress levels and to get a big picture view into your trends. How to Weigh. To track changes in your fat loss or muscle gained, use a scale that will report on both. Lower body fat percentages reduce your risk of disease and increase your quality of life. According to the National Institutes of Health, the more you weigh, the more likely you are to suffer from serious diseases like diabetes, high blood pressure, cardiovascular disease, sleep apnea and certain cancers. On the other hand, the benefits of living at a healthy weight with a lower body fat percentage can be felt in everyday life. You will move with fewer aches and pains in your joints, get a better quality of sleep, have a clearer mental outlook and, in general, enjoy life more fully! Macro Mania. Macronutrients are the big three: fat, protein and carbohydrate. There are great apps out there to help you with tracking macronutrients both for weight loss and better health. Tracking calories is great, but think about it this way: you can have a very low caloric intake reported one day, made up entirely of candy and soda alone! Whereas, if you are looking at this same day in terms of macronutrients that supply your body with the fuel it needs to survive and thrive, you may have ingested only empty carbohydrates and saturated fat. Not great for weight loss or reducing your risk for disease. Dont fill the void. From sitting with coaching clients one-on-one for hundreds of hours, I can tell you when most folks see the scale trending lower, from one day to the next, the first thought is there is space to work with. This is the time when the extra treats, snacks or a little more of this or that are squeezed in. Sadly, this is the exact type of behavior to avoid if you are hoping to achieve long term, sustainable weight loss. Be kinder to yourself when it comes to your weigh-ins. Use a smarter scale and space out how often you step on. Think what, not how many, when it comes to your caloric intake. And when it comes to long-term weight loss, think slow. You didnt put the weight on overnight give yourself time to transition to a healthier weight with more muscle, less fat and a happier outlook on your future health.

More:
PERFECT FIT: Step away from the scale - Wicked Local Scituate

According to science journalist Gary Taubes, whose best-selling books include his latest, The Case Against Sugar, the sweet stuff is even worse for you than you may think. In fact, as he documents, sugar is linked not only to obesity and type 2 diabetes, it also plays a significant role in heart disease, cancer, high blood pressure and even gout.

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And the issue with sugar, he documents, is not that it contains empty calories, as so many health experts have insisted, but that sugar is uniquely damaging to the human body.

In the past half century, there has been a tripling of the prevalence of obesity and an unimaginable 655 percent increase in the percentage of Americans with diabetes, he writes.

Yet for many years before the medical industry decided that fat in the diet was the real enemy, physicians counseled their overweight patients to avoid sweets and starches, in favor of meat (with the fat) and nonstarchy vegetables. Today, nutrition experts preach the virtues of healthy fats, but lower-carbohydrate regimens like the one Taubes advocates (somewhat like the Atkins and South Beach programs) still remain controversial for long-term health management.

Taubes, who also wrote the bestselling Good Calories, Bad Calories and Why We Get Fat, recently spoke with the Inquirer about his work.

Do you consider this book journalism or advocacy?In the book I indict sugar, but I dont convict it. I say it's the prosecution argument and I bring up holes in the evidence. So its still journalism, not advocacy. The physicist Richard Feynman once said science isnt about proving whats true or false, but whats more or less likely. All science starts with telling stories about what might be true; the hard part is deciding whats likely to be true. By reading data and evidence on sugar, this is whats likely to be true.

Do you find that experts accept the idea that sugar is a catalyst for type 2 diabetes? For a long time diabetes experts advocated a balanced diet that included carbohydrates, including sugar. Do you see that changing?Obesity is clearly a hormonal dysregulation of fat regulation and fatty acid oxidation. Sugar should be a prime suspect in these diseases. But research on this is hard to do. And Ive lost faith in the research community to admit that they might have a wrong answer. Despite the evidence, the idea that a very low carbohydrate diet should be recommended to people with diabetes is still not accepted. Its hard to say why. Maybe because diabetes is associated with heart disease, and there is still this belief that dietary fat or animal fat drives heart disease. And if you cut out fat, the logic goes that you will need to replace it with something, so you replace it with carbohydrates.

The American Diabetes Association now says that low carbohydrate diets are good for short term for weight loss, but it is still not the conventional thinking for long-term therapy. People and physicians still feel that a low-calorie diet is best way to lose weight.

Whats wrong with a low calorie diet?Well, the whole world of physicians knows that no one stays on a low-calorie diet and that the diets they've been putting people on dont work. What I know is that diabetes is a burden and concern and if I give up carbs and live on fat, protein and green vegetables, I can be healthy.

And when it comes to sugar, I wrote this book because the empty calorie idea is nave. As long as we discuss sugar in terms of empty calories we miss the point of the unique effects of sugar in the human body and how different carbohydrates, like glucose and fructose are metabolized differently, leading to different hormonal and physiological responses and that fat accumulation and metabolism are influenced profoundly by these hormones.

When we talk about sugar people act as though all that matters is the dose, but when you talk about it like any other drug you have a paradigm shift. For example: Why does Zoloft do something different than Lipitor? No matter what dose we give a patient of Lipitor its never going to be an antidepressant. We keep talking about the dose rather than how sugar works in the body. We need to look at it differently.

Do you think that by advancing this argument you will make people feel guilty that they gave themselves a disease?I worry about the idea that people think they gave themselves this disease by how they ate I dont want to put this on people. There will be people who will give up carbs and sugars and still remain obese. The damage may have been done through generational effects, passed down from mother to child in the womb. I wonder how much of this obesity and type 2 diabetes was programmed two or three generations back, as mothers became more insulin resistant when they were pregnant, which gave rise to kids who are more likely to be insulin resistant and obese and diabetic. Research shows that such people are more likely to become more diabetic in any environment. They are going to be sicker and more insulin resistant than children not born to such parents.

mice30@comcast.net

Published: March 26, 2017 4:00 AM EDT

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Here is the original post:
Q and A: Gary Taubes' 'Case Against Sugar' could change your diet forever - Philly.com

BY CATHERINE STEARNS

Do you have a scale in your bathroom? Do you step on it every day? As a nation, we are focused on all the wrong numbers when it comes to our weight control. A new, more efficient and smarter way of thinking about our weight and nutrition is starting to take shape. Counting calories is out, balancing macronutrient percentages are in. Weight on the scale is out, body composition monitoring is in. Change is hard. Sustaining a gradual, healthy weight loss is even more challenging. Breaking free from daily monitoring of numbers that dont change that frequently or easily will aid in your progress and reduce your stress along the way! The Ups and Downs. Weight fluctuations can happen from day to day for a host of different reasons. The most common reasons for fluctuations are dehydration, carbohydrate intake, hormonal changes for women and even salt intake. This is why low-carb diets tend to work so dramatically in the first couple of weeks stored carbohydrates, which retain water, are released along with the fat and muscle. Gaining Muscle. Most people cannot gain more than 1-2 pounds of muscle per month. Knowing this, the scale is most likely not tipping in the direction of a gain due to your last few bouts with the elliptical. If you see the scale heading in the wrong direction, your increase in exercise and need for more fuel or calories has probably caused you to overeat. The most common culprits of excess calories when first starting an exercise routine tend to be hidden in your choice of beverages or those healthy bars. When to Weigh. A good rule of thumb is to weigh in at the same time of day on the same day of the week, once a week or once every other. This is good advice to both manage your stress levels and to get a big picture view into your trends. How to Weigh. To track changes in your fat loss or muscle gained, use a scale that will report on both. Lower body fat percentages reduce your risk of disease and increase your quality of life. According to the National Institutes of Health, the more you weigh, the more likely you are to suffer from serious diseases like diabetes, high blood pressure, cardiovascular disease, sleep apnea and certain cancers. On the other hand, the benefits of living at a healthy weight with a lower body fat percentage can be felt in everyday life. You will move with fewer aches and pains in your joints, get a better quality of sleep, have a clearer mental outlook and, in general, enjoy life more fully! Macro Mania. Macronutrients are the big three: fat, protein and carbohydrate. There are great apps out there to help you with tracking macronutrients both for weight loss and better health. Tracking calories is great, but think about it this way: you can have a very low caloric intake reported one day, made up entirely of candy and soda alone! Whereas, if you are looking at this same day in terms of macronutrients that supply your body with the fuel it needs to survive and thrive, you may have ingested only empty carbohydrates and saturated fat. Not great for weight loss or reducing your risk for disease. Dont fill the void. From sitting with coaching clients one-on-one for hundreds of hours, I can tell you when most folks see the scale trending lower, from one day to the next, the first thought is there is space to work with. This is the time when the extra treats, snacks or a little more of this or that are squeezed in. Sadly, this is the exact type of behavior to avoid if you are hoping to achieve long term, sustainable weight loss. Be kinder to yourself when it comes to your weigh-ins. Use a smarter scale and space out how often you step on. Think what, not how many, when it comes to your caloric intake. And when it comes to long-term weight loss, think slow. You didnt put the weight on overnight give yourself time to transition to a healthier weight with more muscle, less fat and a happier outlook on your future health.

Read the original post:
PERFECT FIT: Step away from the scale - Wicked Local Weymouth

Just because a weight loss strategy has worked for someone else doesnt mean itll work for you. In fact, the most popular weight loss plans (discussed below) fail all the time.

Now, Im not saying you shouldnt experiment with these weight loss strategies, but you should be aware of the mistakes that cause them to backfire. Below are reasons why some strategies fail.

Cheat meals can be great. They allow you to eat the foods you enjoy and undo the effects of low calorie intake. But most people abuse them and end up gaining weight.

Dieters usually overindulge in cheat meals and regain all the weight they had lost. Others even continue bingeing days after the cheat day. Such habits make it virtually impossible to lose weight.

Unless you have self-control over your food intake, avoid cheat meals. Instead, reward yourself with other things like massage or a weekend trip.

Most people starve themselves in order to reach their weight goal fast. But this strategy rarely works. For one thing, low calorie intake makes you feel hungry all the time and slows down metabolism.

Extreme calorie deficits may work for a while but theyre impossible to maintain long-term. Maintain a moderate calorie deficit and incorporate strength training in your weight loss plan. Remember that eating high-fiber foods can help keep hunger at bay.

Cutting carbs is definitely a good idea for anyone who wants to lose weight. Sugars, starchy foods and sweetened drinks trigger weight gain. But eliminating all carbs from your diet can cause fatigue, low energy and so on.

Dont be fooled by the initial weight loss in low-carb diets. Its usually due to loss of water weight and youll regain the weight once you start consuming carbs again. At least 30 percent of the macronutrients in your diet should come from unprocessed carbs.

You dont have to avoid junk food for the rest of your life to stay healthy. Restricting yourself to healthy foods all the time can bring feelings of guilt every time you eat junk or sweet foods.

Frankly, its not possible to eat clean all the time in todays world. Just make sure at least 80 percent of your diet comes from healthy, unprocessed foods. And 20 percent can come from the not-so-healthy foods.

You dont have to eat after every 3 hours to lose weight. In fact, eating frequently can hinder weight loss. Research shows that most people dont account for calories from snacks and soft drinks. And these calories eventually add up and cause weight gain.

If you are a frequent-snacker, remember to account for calories from the snacks in your total daily calorie intake.

As you can see, there isnt a foolproof weight loss plan. But itll be easier for you to attain your weight goal if you avoid the mistakes mentioned above.

Have you had success with any of the above weight loss strategies?

Disclaimer: The views expressed above are solely those of the author and may not reflect those of Care2, Inc., its employees or advertisers.

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5 Popular Weight Loss Strategies That Can Backfire | Care2 Healthy ... - Care2.com

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Cornwall's millennials have been told to forget about having a 'perfect body' or risk putting their health in danger.

According to new figures 60% of 18 to 34-year-olds in the county are damaging their long-term health by using potentially dangerous weight loss methods popularised by celebrities and social media.

Read more: Gifted student Anna Phillips from Truro died of overdose on diet pills she bought over the internet

Four in 10 (38%) are prepared to sacrifice their mental health and well-being through extreme dieting if it meant achieving the ideal weight.

In addition, women are six times more likely to worry about weight and body image than their health (44% compared to 7%).

Dove's Real Beauty Campaign, which was first launched in 2004, to promote beauty in all shapes and sizes.

Emma Kenny, expert psychologist and founder of wellbeing site Make Your Switch, said people have to stop thinking that if their body is not a temple then they should diet hard to achieve it.

Read more: Put a stone on in weight and increase you cancer risk rate by 50%

She said: "It's very sad, but unsurprising that young men and women in Cornwall are willing to take such risks with their mental and physical well-being these days. There is so much emphasis placed on women's bodies and the 'perfection expectation'.

"From a very young age children are being told that the way they look is more important than any other trait. The body shaming that regularly takes place on social media, along with the 'beautiful equals successful' equation, gives women a very powerful message - that they are only valued for their looks.

"This means that men and women are more likely to be willing to harm themselves if it means gaining approval."

A healthy balanced diet is all you need to feel good about yourself. Right?

Risks to achieve the perfect body can lead to mental and physical problems including insomnia, tiredness, dizziness as well as more serious conditions such as heart disease, constipation, diarrhea and even bad breath.

Read more: Campaign to stop tooth decay in children launched in Cornwall by Smile Together

Mrs Kenny said social media, TV shows and celebrities were partly to blame for the "my body is a temple culture".

She said quick fix methods popularised by celebrities and Instagrammers have seen worrying trends among young people from Cornwall with a quarter having used diet pills (26%), three in 10 choose juicing (29%) and a fifth choosing to fast (21%).

Weight loss pills went on sale for the first time in the UK in 2009.

Social media beauty challenges, fitness bloggers and Instagram users and social media trolling have been blamed for body shaming trends.

Their weight (27%)

Skin problems (13%)

Their stomach (13%)

Their personality (7%)

Read more: The Female List: 50 of Cornwall's leading ladies and strongest women

Mrs Kenny said: "We need to build women's self-esteem beyond that of superficial beauty and into something that is more than just skin-deep. At Make Your Switch, we go deeper and explore what it takes to look after your happiness, health, fitness and well-being - which are all equally important."

More Cornwall News

Read more:
Young people in Cornwall using potentially dangerous weight loss methods popularised by celebrities - Cornwall Live

Weight gain happens when we consume more food than we can burn, and weight loss happens when we burn more energy than we consume.

But why do some people seem to eat whatever they want and not gain weight, and others appear to gain weight even if they eat reasonable amounts of food? The answer, at least in part, may be found in the bacteria that live in our guts.

Our latest research, published in the International Journal of Obesity, shows that people who have a stable weight, or who loseweight, over anine-year periodhave a larger number of different types of microbes in their guts, eat more fibre and have a higher abundance of certain types of gut microbes.

In the past decade, researchers have found that the microbes in our gut have a strong effect on various aspects of our health.

Studies in mice have demonstrated that how the body converts food into energy depends in large part on the different types of microbes a person has in their gut and also on the kind of microbes they carry.

In a recent study, scientists in Israel found that mice who were put on a yo-yo diet slowly gained weight compared with mice on a steady diet despite the fact that both groups received the same amount of calories overall.

One of the effects seen in the mice that were put on the yo-yo diet was a decrease in their gut microbiome diversity. Also, when they transplanted the microbes from the yo-yo dieters into the guts of non-yo-yo dieters, the mice on steady diets gained weight showing that the altered microbes were the cause of the weight gain. But is this relevant to humans?

In humans, comparing microbes in the gut in obese and thin individuals, scientists have already shown that lean people have many more species of intestinal bacteria than obese people.

What twins taught us

Until now, however, there were no experiments tying the gut microbes to changes in weight over several years. For this reason, we decided to do an investigation into 1,632 women from the UK, all of them twins (about half of them identical). The participants had their body weight measured several years ago and, back then, they answered questions about the amounts and types of foods that they ate. We called them again nine years later and, in addition to measuring their weight, we asked them to give us a poo sample so we could analyse the bacteria in their gut.

We found that most of the women gained weight over the nine years, but this was not fully explained by the number of calories in their diet when the study began. Because they are twins, it was also possible to calculate (using the differences between identical and non-identical twins) how much of the weight gain can be explained by genes. Only 41 per cent of the change in weight was explained by genes. That meant that there were other factors, in addition to genes and calories.

We discovered that women who ate high amounts of dietary fibre (found in fruit, vegetables and whole grains) were less likely to gain weight than those who ate little fibre, even if they consumed roughly the same amount of calories. Women who lost weight or had stable weight also had more diverse microbes in their guts. We were able to pinpoint some of the microbes that are different between women who had gained weight and those who had lost weight. Most of these microbes had already been discovered in mice to be involved in better energy metabolism.

These results show that the exciting studies in mice about how microbes affect weight gain are also relevant in humans. They are also important because they will allow our group, and other scientists, to investigate how to influence a persons gut microbes using probiotics and fibre so they are at a lower risk of developing obesity.

Ana Valdes is associate professor and reader at King's College London.This article first appeared on The Conversation (theconversation.com)

More:
Gut bacteria plays a role in long-term weight gain | The Independent - The Independent

PARKERSBURG, WV--(Marketwired - March 20, 2017) - Choosing a healthy and affordable diet is more challenging than ever with the surplus of weight loss options in the market. While the American obesity rate has nearly reached 35%, the weight loss market has exceeded $64 billion. With emotional eating and inactive lifestyles leading to unprecedented levels of weight gain, obesity levels may not decline anytime soon. More than ever, making an educated dietary choice is important.

Of the variety of diets available in the market, one of the most popular and widely praised diets is the Mediterranean Diet. Renowned for helping individuals lose weight consistently, the Mediterranean Diet is one of the healthiest diets out there. It involves following a balanced regimen of high amounts of olive oil, legumes, unprocessed cereals, fruits and vegetables; moderate amounts of fish, dairy, and wine; and restricted consumption of non-fish meat or meat products. Additionally, it helps dieters reduce health issues like heart disease and diabetes while improving brain function.

Furthermore, the Mediterranean Diet involves healthy weight loss through balancing protein, carbohydrate and fat consumption. It is extremely flexible and can be easily customized to an individual's health and nutritional needs. Customizing a diet to an individual's dietary needs instead of following a cookie-cutter approach is crucial because individuals have unique lifestyles, body types, dietary histories, and nutritional needs. Diet Doc, a nationally recognized weight loss center, helps patients achieve long-term weight loss success through direct nutritional counseling, doctor supervision, and customized diet planning to all patients.

Diet Doc helps patients adhere to healthy diets like the Mediterranean Diet by customizing the diet to their body composition, dietary needs, past weight loss failures and specific weight loss goals. At Diet Doc, the primary goal is to optimize fat loss with minimal muscle loss. With a safe, doctor-supervised diet plan and guidance for life, Diet Doc patients gain the following benefits within the very first month:

Diet Doc programs and aids have a long history of alleviating issues like heart disease, high blood pressure and hypertension through healthy weight loss. With a team of doctors, nurses, nutritionists and motivational coaches, Diet Doc helps patients curb hunger and lose weight fast. In fact, more than 90% of Diet Doc patients lose 20 or more pounds every month.

Patients can get started immediately, with materials shipped directly to their home or office. They can also maintain weight loss in the long-term through weekly consultations, customized diet plans, motivational coaches and a powerful prescription program. With Diet Doc, the doctor is only a short phone call away and a fully dedicated team of qualified professionals is available 6 days per week to answer questions, address concerns and support patients.

Getting started with Diet Doc is very simple and affordable. New patients can easily visit https://www.dietdoc.com to quickly complete a health questionnaire and schedule an immediate, free online consultation.

About the Company:

Diet Doc Weight Loss is the nation's leader in medical, weight loss offering a full line of prescription medication, doctor, nurse and nutritional coaching support. For over a decade, Diet Doc has produced a sophisticated, doctor designed weight loss program that addresses each individual specific health need to promote fast, safe and long term weight loss.

Twitter: https://twitter.com/DietDocMedicalFacebook: https://www.facebook.com/DietDocMedicalWeightLoss/LinkedIn: https://www.LinkedIn.com/company/diet-doc-weight-loss?trk=biz-brand-tree-co-logo

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Diet Doc Offer Nutritional Counseling For Long-Term Weight Loss Success With Mediterranean Diet - Marketwired (press release)

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