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As Obesity Soars, a Mayo Clinic DNA Study May Have Cracked The Cause – Observer
Obesity is big business in Americabig, as in nearly two trillion dollars-a-year business big.
According to a study by the Milken Institute, chronic disease-driven obesity in the United States accounts for roughly $500 billion in direct health care costs as well as another $1.25 trillion in indirect costs resulting from its toll on economic output. Put another way, obesity is eating up nearly 10% of annual GDP.
But it wasnt always this way. In the early 1960sonly a generation agoless than 4 percent of U.S. adults were considered obese, which in clinical terms means having a BMI (Body Mass Index) above 30. (By the way, you can calculate your own BMI on the CDC website here.)
Fast forward 60 years and now over 180 million of us, more than 60 percent of the US population ages 2 and over, are considered either obese or overweight. This despite the proliferation of a flourishing multibillion-dollar weight-loss, nutritional supplements, and fitness sector, which doesnt seem to be making much of a dent in the aggregate. That so many resources are being plowed into an issue with so little return has been a source of frustration to physicians, spurring the medical research community to look for new ways to address the set of health challenges associated with obesity.
Obesity is a major public health issueit leads to high blood pressure, diabetes, and eventually cardiac and kidney disease, observed Dr. Rajiv Shah, a leading Minneapolis-based nephrologist and kidney specialist. Lets be honest. The current set of solutionseating better and getting some exercisehavent made much of a difference, which is why we in the medical field are all eager for a new set of tools we can use to address this formidable challenge.
Recent breakthroughs in gene mapping have led members of the scientific community down a new path that has the potential for revolutionizing how we think about weight gain. Just as we all have a unique gene fingerprint, medical researchers are beginning to approach the question of weight loss through a similar lens: phenotypes.
Enter Dr. Andrs Acosta, a soft-spoken Ecuadorian-born research physician and scientist at the world-famous Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minnesota. What began as a research project at Mayo has gradually been spun out into a separate company called Phenomix, which is now taking on venture capital from major physician-led associations and health insurers. If successful in its mission, Phenomix may end up forcing large swaths of the traditional weight-loss industry to go belly up.
70 percent of all people who try to lose weight either fail to lose any or lose some and gain it back quickly, comments Acosta. And that has massive healthcare implications from heart disease to type 2 diabetes to stroke. Instead of looking at how to lose weight, we should first understand why people are gaining weight.
The why, as it turns out, comes down to combining two somewhat distinct areas of human science: genotyping, the process of determining differences in the genetic make-up of an individuals DNA, and metabolomics, the scientific study of chemical processes driving our unique metabolic profiles when the genotype interacts with the environment. Together, by looking at our unique genetic and metabolic fingerprints, the Mayo team has created a roadmap for understanding each humans unique chemical and genetic profile that can not only predict obesity but better address and contain it.
Called phenotyping, this bespoke mapping of each human on a subcellular level has allowed Acosta to create four different phenotype buckets that encompass 85% of all people suffering from obesity: Hungry Brain, Hungry Gut, Emotional Hunger, and Slow Burn.
Hungry Brain: About a quarter of those with obesity have a neurological malfunction that fails to signal the brain when enough calories have been consumed in a meal. This failure to detect satiation causes people with hungry brain to inadvertently over-eat, because their brain is not receiving messages that the meal should be over. Oftentimes, this is evident in people who need to consume big meals to feel stuffed. Their digestive system either fails to listen to the signals from the brain that caloric satiation has been reached, or it does not receive those signals at all.
Hungry Gut: For about one-third of the population with obesity, the problem lies in the gastrointestinal system. In these individuals, their stomach and gut push out signals indicating hunger in between meals, even though they may have eaten only 30 minutes earlier. This may be the case of someone who has a big dinner, yet shortly afterward begins snacking in response to signals from their gut that they are hungry again.
Emotional Hunger: About a third of adults with obesity, hedonic eating is the root cause of their obesity. As Dr. Acosta likes to describe it, these people have phenotypes that have them eating donuts when theyre having a bad day and give them the urge to eat donuts when theyre having a really good day as well. These are individuals who use eating as a response to both negative and positive emotions.
Slow Burn: For another quarter of adults suffering from obesity, the root problem is a low metabolic rate coupled with overall low activity. These are people who do not burn calories as efficiently as other humans.
Heres the bad news: Nearly a quarter of obesity patients suffer from phenotype profiles that exhibit more than one of these conditions, requiring a more complex intervention.
But the good news is that, so far, the results in clinical trials have been nothing short of spectacular. A recent study carried out at the Mayo Clinic followed 250 obese patients, half following standard of care, and the other half following phenotype-guided interventions. 80 percent of those following the phenotype guided interventions were able to lose over 10 percent of total body weight and keep it off for a period of 12 months, but for those who attempted to lose weight via standard interventions, only 30 percent were able to shed over 10 percent of their body weight and keep it off.
Weve known for years that the future of weight loss is individualized care as it is strongly influenced by our own unique DNA, remarked Fox Business Channel Analyst Ethan Bearman, who closely follows the healthcare, nutrition, and fitness sectors. The future is here with Phenomix. Now companies like Weight Watchers will have to confront have their own worst nightmare in this new competitor; no more will we have to suffer a one size fits all approach, as if were not all unique in our genetic and metabolic makeup.
I also sincerely hope that in addition to changing lives and extending life expectancy, the work that Phenomix is doing also changes attitudes. Society tends to label those who are overweight as being lazy or simply lacking initiative, Bearman continued. My hope is that as we gain greater understanding about phenotypes, the public and the media will begin to understand that the causes for obesity are far more complex than we have been led to believe.
Ross Higgins, the Phenomix Chief Operating Officer who is charged with commercializing the companys efforts, shares a similar sentiment. At the end of the day, our product is a lab test that doctorsspecifically those that work directly with obese and overweight patientscan order that will give them an entirely new level of insight into their diagnosis, said Higgins. These lab results will take out much of the guesswork about the best way to address obesity. A phenotype-guided therapy may be as simple as targeted lifestyle and diet interventions, but may also include pharmaceutical, medical device and surgical interventions as well.
We are simply giving doctors a better tool to analyze patient data before they prescribe therapies, added Higgins.
Remember the term phenotype. All indications we will hearing a lot more about this fast-evolving area of science and medicine in the year ahead.
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As Obesity Soars, a Mayo Clinic DNA Study May Have Cracked The Cause - Observer
This Guy Shared the ‘Mind Hacks’ That Helped Him Lose 125 Pounds in 9 Months – menshealth.com
In the two years after his football career ended, Sean went from his playing weight of 330 pounds to 384 pounds at his heaviest, due to a "toxic relationship" with food. "I never went to the pool, I never took my shirt off," he says. "I didn't even take any pictures."
But it wasn't until an on-going serious acid reflux issue got him thinking seriously about his own health that Sean decided he had to make some changes. Speaking with fitness YouTuber Robert Glover, a.k.a. Brix Fitness, Sean explains how at the beginning of his weight loss journey, the first thing he did was adjust his mindset.
"I've tried to lose weight before, and my mind wasn't right, it was everywhere," he says. "You've kind of got to manipulate yourself."
One of the "mind hacks" he used to keep himself motivated during the early stages of his weight loss was to channel his desire to prove people wrong into his workouts: he describes imagining every person who ever doubted him as "sitting there on the couch" watching him exercise in his living room, which he converted into a home gym during quarantine.
Another simple tip Sean recommends that made a huge difference for him is just planning ahead and getting organized, so that you can focus without distractions: "I got my music playlist right, I got what I needed to eat, clothes, the workout, the videos I wanted to watch, my water, my post-workout meal."
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In order to make these changes to his lifestyle sustainable, Sean tried not to be too restrictive in his diet, and to find healthier alternatives to his favorite foods. "I figured out how to eat healthy and not give up on taste," he says. "I went hard at first, but now I make my own pizza with turkey pepperoni, I still have tasty low-sugar desserts that I love."
Since December 2019, Sean has lost 125 pounds. He currently weighs 265 pounds, and is continuing to pursue his goals of getting fitter. "That's what worked for me," he says, "it might not work for everybody."
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This Guy Shared the 'Mind Hacks' That Helped Him Lose 125 Pounds in 9 Months - menshealth.com
Tips to watch your weight during the holidays – ABC 4
Many people gain most of their weight around this time of the year and spend the next year trying to lose it. Here are some tips to help.
Dr. Juliana Simonetti, MDat the University of Utah Health Weight Management program recommends having a plan. Take it day by day and you will come out happier rather than packing on the pandemic pounds!
Our bodies hold onto calories (which has served us well in times of famine), making it hard to lose weight.
The program has all the tools to help registered dieticians, exercise physiologists, psychologists, mindfulness classes, medical interventions with medications to suppress some hunger and cravings, and surgical interventions. The team works together to create individualized plans for each patient. The new facility at Sugar House Health Center was built with patients in mind.
Weight loss medications, sometimes also called weight loss drugs or anti-obesity medications, are prescription drugs that reduce your appetite and food cravings. Over the last few years, the FDA has approved a number of anti-obesity medications that help control appetite and food cravings.
Because weight loss drugs make you less hungry, they also reduce how many calories your body takes in each day. Over time, eating fewer calories will cause you to lose weight.
Some anti-obesity medications also help decrease cravings and control compulsive eating, especially for sweets and fatty, salty, high-calorie foods.
Emotions arent a one-size-fits-all approach. Some people struggle with depression because of family or relationship issues. Other people have severe anxiety from their jobs.
The Weight Management Program at the University of Utah health offers different types of therapy that teach you healthy coping techniques for your unique emotional situation. Therapists also develop techniques that help you meet your personal goals.
If you overeat when you feel anxious (for example), therapists can develop techniques to help you recognize when youre overeating for these reasons. If you eat sugary or fatty foods when youre depressed, therapists can help you find healthier ways to manage your emotions.
If you can recognize how your habits and stressors affect what you eat, youre more likely to keep weight off in the long-term.
It offers mindfulness-based stress management classes to help respond to stress and food cravings by using healthier, more effective strategies; and recommit to healthy living after experiencing a setback or challenge.
Classes last eight12 weeks. These classes are offered through Wellness & Integrative Health.
Visit healthcare.utah.edu/weight-management or call 801-447-1195 to request an appointment.
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Tips to watch your weight during the holidays - ABC 4
6 in 10 teenagers have exercised to lose weight – BBC Focus Magazine
Anti-obesity campaigns may be having unintended mental health consequences for teenagers, with a study showing 6 in 10 have exercised to lose weight.
Significantly higher numbers of teenage boys and girls are dieting or exercising to shed pounds and are likely to overestimate their weight, according to a study led by University College London (UCL). Girls trying to lose weight are more likely to experience depressive symptoms than in previous years, the findings suggest.
The researchers said efforts to reduce obesity across the nation may be having unintended consequences on weight-control behaviours and mental health.Mounting societal pressures, the rise of the fitness industry and social media may also be causing harm, they said.
The research team reviewed data from 22,503 adolescents in the UK collected over three decades in 1986, 2005 and 2015.
They found that 42 per cent of 14-year-olds said they were trying to lose weight in 2015 up from 30 per cent in 2005.Some 8.5 per cent said they were trying to gain weight, a rise from 5.2 per cent in 2005.Some 44 per cent said they had dieted and 60 per cent had exercised to lose weight, compared to 38 per cent and 7 per cent of those in 1986.
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The researchers said this is concerning because studies have shown that dieting is ineffective in reducing weight in young people, and is linked to depression and eating disorders.
It seems that young people are exercising for different reasons than they did before more adolescents seem to be thinking of exercise predominantly as a means to lose weight rather than exercising for fun, socialising and feeling healthy, said Senior author Dr Praveetha Patalay, from UCLs MRC unit for lifelong health and ageing.
We suspect that recent controversial calls to add exercise-equivalent labels on food packaging may exacerbate this.
The research shows girls have consistently been more likely than boys to diet to lose weight, but there has been a greater increase among boys over the years.Boys are also becoming more likely to try to gain weight, the researchers said, which could be due to a shift in media representation of male ideals, with lean muscular bodies increasingly normalised.
Both sexes also became more likely to overestimate their weight, which adds to the researchers concerns that increased efforts to lose weight are not necessarily due to increased obesity rates.
These behaviours were linked to depressive symptoms, and for girls this relationship strengthened over the three decades of the study.
Media portrayals of thinness, the rise of the fitness industry and the advent of social media may all partly explain our results, and public health messaging around calorie restriction and exercise might also be causing unintended harm, said lead author Dr Francesca Solmi, from UCLs Division of Psychiatry.
Public health campaigns around obesity should consider adverse mental health effects, and ensure they avoid weight stigma. By promoting health and wellbeing, as opposed to focusing on healthy weight, they could have positive effects on both mental and physical health.
Campaigns should not foster feelings of guilt or shame but highlight positive aspects of exercise, such as improving strength, learning new skills, and socialising, the researchers said.
The study, by researchers at UCL and the Universities of Edinburgh and Liverpool, and supported by other UK organisations, is published in JAMA Pediatrics.
Asked by: Terry Honeywood, Bromley
Our fat is stored as triglycerides. When we need it for energy, enzymes in the blood break it down into fatty acid chains and glycerol. The fatty acids are absorbed by cells and broken down into even smaller molecules and fed to our mitochondria (the power plants of our cells). The ultimate waste products of this complex sequence are just CO2 and water, which we breathe out. So when you exercise, you are turning fat into puffing and panting.
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6 in 10 teenagers have exercised to lose weight - BBC Focus Magazine
Lose Weight More Easily With a Bowl of Nettle Soup – Men’s health UK
Despite being a scourge of your adventures as a child the stinging nettle is misunderstood. Full of healthful nutrients, this mainstay of the UK countryside has been credited with reducing blood pressure and inflammation, boosting testosterone and, in a recent study, blocking fat.
Wild Food: A Complete Guide for Foragers
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Researchers at the University of Maryland found that mice fed on a high-fat diet for 12 weeks gained less weight if they consumed nettle extract as well. They discovered that eating nettles activates a hormone in cells known as FIAF (short for fasting induced adipose factor, in case you were wondering), which not only accelerates the conversion of fats into energy, but seems to protect your vital organs from absorbing too many fatty acids. The amount of nettle extract needed to achieve these beneficial effects would equate to around 100g a day in humans conveniently, about as much as youd get in a bowl of nettle soup.
To make a batch, wear gloves and a long-sleeved top and collect 400g of nettle leaves (about as many as youd fit in a supermarket salad-bag) from a spot away from the roadside or other polluted areas. Wash them thoroughly before adding to your soup stock, boiling away the plants stinging hairs; the leaves will wilt just like spinach, which they taste similar to as well. Alternatively, you can put the whole plant through a juicer and add an antioxidant-packed shot to your morning smoothie. Either way, youll move the needle on your weight loss progress.
A few timely additions to your menu this month will afford you a harvest of new health benefits
Oyster Mushrooms: Add to soups or stir fries, lower cholesterol
Damsons: Great for jams, aids digestion
Mussels: Steam in seawater for 2-3 minutes, improve brain function
Hazelnuts: Crush and sprinkle on ice cream, high in protein
Dandelions: Use roots for coffee, full of antioxidants
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Lose Weight More Easily With a Bowl of Nettle Soup - Men's health UK
Simple Ways to Lose Weight Without Trying So Hard, Say Experts – msnNOW
Whether you're giving up some of your favorite unhealthy foods, ditching your beloved TV time for a run, or you're training yourself to go to bed at an earlier hour in order to get better sleep, adopting a healthier lifestyle to lose weight will require you to make sacrifices. But just because losing weight isn't terribly easy doesn't mean it needs to be terribly difficult.
Sometimes, you can give yourself a much-needed boost along the way by adopting tons of little tips and tricks that can have an outsize impact on your weight loss goals. Best of all, they're easy. Don't believe us? Read on to learn what many of them are, and consider working them into your own weight loss program. And for more handy tips to help you achieve your weight loss goals, make sure to avoid these 100 Unhealthiest Foods on the Planet.
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Simple Ways to Lose Weight Without Trying So Hard, Say Experts - msnNOW
Lockdown weight loss: "I lost 15 kgs in 2 months by walking 10000 steps every day" – Times of India
I started by walking for 2 kilometres a day. After a while, I was able to pace up and could walk upto 5 kilometres (cover 10,000 steps) at a stretch. This became my routine. I used to go for brisk walks sometimes twice a day as well.
Low-calorie recipes I swear by It was decided that I would only have homemade food. No junk food, oily or non-vegetarian food. I turned a pure vegan for 60 days!
Fitness secrets I unveiled:
Diet and discipline are important factors for weight loss. If you mess with your diet and are non-consistent in your routine, you are not going to lose weight. All through my journey, I didn't skip my workout for a single day. No cheat meals either.
How do I stay motivated?
I could see a visible change in my appearance. That was the biggest motivator for me. Every time I looked at myself in the mirror, I was charged to do more hard work and sweat out the fat.
Additionally, I also listened to many motivational videos about weight loss. So, they also contributed to my weight loss journey.
How do you ensure you dont lose focus?
Consistency is the only thing that can get you to the finish line. Sometimes, I felt zoned out and demotivated as well, but the courage within kept me going. I knew I had to lose weight, by hook or by crook to be healthy.
I used to check my weight on the scale after every 3-4 days or twice a well. The weight reduction and visible change kept me going.
Whats the most difficult part of being overweight?
I felt that I was losing out on my confidence and productivity due to bulging weight. I failed to do many tasks and found it difficult to get up in the mornings! I knew I wasn't giving my 100%. Slowly, I started to head towards the road of negativity. Health concerns only made problems worse.
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Lockdown weight loss: "I lost 15 kgs in 2 months by walking 10000 steps every day" - Times of India
Weight loss: This woman lost 34 kilos by following Keto and Intermittent Fasting! – Times of India
Diet-wise, I made a lot of swaps and deletions from my life. Here are a few which helped me a lot:
-Eliminated carbs like Rice/ Flour/Maida from my diet unless its a cheat meal.
-I read the ingredients and nutritional facts of products before buying
-Stopped eating processed or canned food
-Eat more whole and healthy foods
What was the lowest point for you? I think the slip disc surgery could have been avoided, had my weight been under control. The health complications really scared me.
Lessons learnt from weight loss: Losing weight is a mentally strenuous challenge than it is a physical one. Once you take control of your mind, weight loss will automatically follow.
Also, remember that no one can force you to lose weight. The change has to come from within. Once you clear that hurdle, trust me, there is no looking back!
If you have a weight loss story to share, send it to us at toi.health1@gmail.com and we'll feature you!
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Weight loss: This woman lost 34 kilos by following Keto and Intermittent Fasting! - Times of India
Saint Peter’s Weight Loss and Bariatric Center Offers a New You in 2021 – TAPinto.net
NEW BRUNSWICK, NJ Denise was suffering from excruciating pain, but surgeons said she needed to lose considerable weight before they could perform hip replacement surgery.
At nearly 300 pounds and unable to walk, she wheeled herself into the offices at the Weight Loss and Bariatric Center at Saint Peters University Hospital, desperate for help.
Today, she weighs about 120 pounds, said Carlos Aitor Macias, MD, MPH, FACS, surgical director of the Weight Loss and Bariatric Center. Shes actually within her target weight. She had the two hips replaced. Shes not in pain anymore and walking by herself.
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There have been dozens of success stories like Denises since the Weight Loss and Bariatric Center opened in 2018. Dr. Macias and the staff use a proven, healthy weight loss strategy, incorporating nutrition, psychology, physical therapy, exercise and surgery all while adhering to strict COVID-19 safety guidelines and practices.
Their work has helped patients lose weight, improve their health, regain their vitality and lead richer, freer and more pain-free lives.
Obesity has been proven to contribute to heart disease, stroke, type 2 diabetes, hypertension, osteoarthritis and certain types of cancer, according to the Centers for Disease Control. With obesity as a health crisis impacting so many issues, the center has also become is a prudent option for individuals who were previously unable to lose weight on their own.
Many of the clients working with the Weight Loss and Bariatric Center have tried fad diets, intermittent fasting, overtraining in the gym and other methods that just didnt work in the long run.
The CDC estimates that more than 40% of American adults are obese (a body mass index above 30).
Dr. Macias tells the patients at the initial consultation that the center will show them what to eat, how much to eat, how to exercise and put them on the road to weight loss and better health. But, ultimately, they are in the drivers seat.
I tell them maybe I have a bias because I like cars that the process of getting back to your ideal weight is like driving from here to New York, he said. We can give you a Formula One race car. I can even stop all the traffic on the highway so you will have the best machine you can have on the highways. But I am not driving. None of us are driving. You need to learn how to drive.
Surgery can also be a valuable tool for some patients.
At the Weight Loss and Bariatric Center, gastric bypass surgery and laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy are performed. Dr. Macias said the plan is to also offer revision surgeries those done to correct a prior one.
The goal is to use the da Vinci Surgical System to perform the surgeries. This device puts a surgeons hands at the controls of a robotic platform.
The benefits of working with the robot are that it allows us to use more tools and optimize utilization of space that is limited inside the abdominal cavity, he said. The robot allows for a greater degree of freedom and movement.
The center hopes to continue to help produce happier and healthier patients like the one man who told the peer-to-peer support group via video conferencing technology that he had to throw away his old dinner plates.
He mentioned that his dishware didnt do him justice any longer because his usual typical portion size before surgery had been so much larger, Dr. Macias said. And after surgery, his food was basically occupying one-fifth of the plate. He was like, It doesnt make any sense for me to put my meal on a plate this big, so I had to change them all.
Visit Saint Peters website for more information about the Weight Loss and Bariatric Center.
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Saint Peter's Weight Loss and Bariatric Center Offers a New You in 2021 - TAPinto.net
Why it is difficult to lose belly fat after 40 and how to overcome this issue – Times of India
The major reason is the loss of muscle mass. As we age, we lose our muscle mass, which slows down our metabolism and we begin to burn fewer calories. Both these factors make it harder to shed kilos, especially from the midsection.
Another reason is the hormonal changes. Both weight gain and weight loss are driven by our hormones. Women generally store more subcutaneous (soft) fat in the abdominal and thigh area and men store more visceral (hard) fat in the abdominal area. This starts happening when they hit puberty and remains the same till they reach 40. After this age, hormonal changes take place in both men and women. Women go through perimenopause and menopause and the fat storage tendencies shift. They gain more hard abdominal fat due to lower testosterone and estrogen levels and men gain more soft fat.
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Why it is difficult to lose belly fat after 40 and how to overcome this issue - Times of India