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Study area

We carried out our field work in the grassland located within the Experiment Demonstration Base, Grassland Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (40 36 N, 111 45 E). This area has a continental temperate monsoon climate, with an average annual rainfall of ca. 400mm and an annual mean temperature of ca. 6.9C. The dominant plant species are Leymus chinensis, Stipa capillata, Cleistogenes squarrosa and Medicago sativa. Based on our own trapping record, S. dauricus has been the dominant rodent species here in recent years. Other rodents, such as striped hamster (Cricetulus barabensis) and Mongolian gerbil (Meriones Unguiculatus), were also recorded but relatively low in abundance. According to our observation, steppe polecats (Mustela eversmanii), red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) and domestic dogs (Canis lupus familiaris) are the major predators feeding on S. dauricus [32]. Cattle grazing is common here in spring and summer, resulting in an average grass height of ca. 20cm and an average vegetation cover of 45%.

In mid-July, 2023, we conducted the first round of live-trapping in two 1-ha sites located in the study area. In this season, most S. dauricus were reproductively inactive. The two sites were comparable in terms of vegetation, topography and rodent density. To ensure independence in sampling among the sites, there was a distance of 400m between the nearest sites. We placed 100 Sherman live traps (arranged in a 1010 grid, with 10-m intervals between neighboring traps) baited with fresh peanuts in each site. Since S. dauricus were diurnal, the traps were set open between 07:00 and 19:00 (Beijing time). This round of live-trapping lasted for four consecutive days. We checked all the traps every 2h and rebaited the traps if needed. All the S. dauricus captured were immediately put in separate cotton bags and taken back to our laboratory.

A total of 59 S. dauricus (27 males and 32 females) were captured during the first round of live-trapping. We anesthetized each individual by a multi-channel anesthesia machine designed for small animals (R550IE, RWD Life Science Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, China) with isoflurane. To collect the ectoparasites, the body surface of each S. dauricus was carefully scanned using a fine-toothed comb and a tweezer. We also checked the inner side of each cotton bag used to contain the ground squirrels. All the ectoparasites collected from a S. dauricus were immediately placed in ethanol (95%) contained within a separate 5-ml centrifuge tube. All the S. dauricus were weighted to the nearest 0.1g using an electronic balance, toe-clipped for individual identification, and then maintained in separate plastic boxes for 72h with access to ad libitum food (peanuts, alfalfa leaves, and commercial pellets) and water. No S. dauricus showed any abnormal behavior or healthy problem during this period.

We used all the 52 adult individuals (defined as those heavier than 100g, 23 males and 29 females) for our formal experiment. Each ground squirrel was randomly assigned to one of two groups: control group (without testosterone injection, 11 males and 14 females) and treatment group (with testosterone injection, 12 males and 15 females). At 15:0016:00 in the next day after capture, we collected a fresh fecal sample (typically 0.20.3g) from each experimental animal. All the fecal samples were placed in separate 5-ml centrifuge tubes and then immediately stored frozen at 80C. About 72h after capture, each individual was injected intramuscularly with either a dose of tea oil (control group) or a dose of testosteroneoil mixture (10mg of testosterone undecanoate per ml of tea oil). A total of 1h after injection, we released all the individuals at the places where they were captured.

A total of 10days later, we conducted the second round (five consecutive days) of live trapping to recapture the experimental animals. The procedures of live-trapping, anesthesia, ectoparasite collection, fecal sample collection, and animal maintenance were similar to the first round. A total of 28 S. dauricus were recaptured (six males and seven females from the control group, and five males and ten females from the treatment group). An experienced taxonomist (Jian-Jun Wang) later identified all the ectoparasites based on dichotomous keys. The whole experimental procedure adhered to the guidelines approved by the American Society of Mammalogists [34] and the Regulations of the Animal Welfare Committee of Beijing Veterinarians of the Agriculture Ministry of China (Beijing, China).

We typically followed the protocol used by Li etal. [35] to extract testosterone from the fecal samples, with some modifications. A total of 56 fecal samples were used for hormone analyses (i.e., samples collected from the 28 individuals with recaptures, two samples per individual). Since we used wet feces, variations in water content among samples must be accounted for. Therefore, we simultaneously weighed two fecal subsamples (each ca. 0.1g in weight, hereafter subsamples A and B) from each fecal sample. Subsample B was used for measuring water content and was weighed before and after 24-h drying in a drying oven. The water content value was then used to translate the wet sample weight of the relevant subsample A into dry weight.

Subsamples A were used for hormone extraction and placed in separate 10-ml centrifuge tubes. For each tube, we added 4ml of methanol and 1ml of distilled water and then vortexed it for 30min. We then added 2.5ml of petroleum ether to each tube to remove lipid from it. After 10min of vortex, each tube was centrifuged at 1500r/min for 15min. A total of 2ml of liquid was drawn from the methanol layer within each tube and then placed into a 5-ml cryopreservation tube. The methanol was dried off under forced air and the remain was used for hormone assay.

We performed testosterone assays with a commercially available enzyme immunoassay kit (Rat Testosterone Elisa Kit, produced by FanYin Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China). This kit has a sensitivity of 1.0 nanomol/l, and<1% cross-reactivity to other steroids (including progestins, corticoids and estrogens). The testosterone levels were reported as nanogram of fecal testosterone per gram of dry feces.

We performed all the statistical work in R platform 4.2.2 [36]. We first adopted a paired-sample t-test to test whether our experimental treatment affected the fecal testosterone level of S. dauricus. We built a negative-binomial generalized linear mixed-effect model (GLMM) on tick load recorded on the recaptured individuals (hereafter TickLoadafter) using the R package lme4 [37] and lmerTest [38]. The fixed terms included treatment (control or treatment group), sex (male or female), body weight (averaged value of the two measurements), tick load recorded in the first round of ectoparasite check (i.e., tick load before the testosterone manipulation, hereafter TickLoadbefore), flea load in the second round of ectoparasite check (hereafter FleaLoadafter), and an interactive term between treatment and sex. Site ID was used as a random term. Similar models were also built for FleaLoadafter, with fixed factors including treatment, sex, body weight, flea load recorded in the first round of ectoparasite check (hereafter FleaLoadbefore), TickLoadafter, and an interaction between treatment and sex. Variance inflation factors (VIFs) were calculated using the R package car [39] to assess multicollinearity. As the VIFs were all smaller than ten (Table1), we retained all the factors in the models. Model selection was performed based on Alkaike Information Criterion corrected for small sample size (AICc) [40] using the R package MuMIn [41]. Since the performance did not differ significantly between top candidate models (i.e., delta AICc smaller than 2), we used conditional model averaging to get an averaged model based on the full set of candidate models [40]. As we detected a significant interactive effect between treatment and sex on TickLoadafter, we also built two GLMMs on TickLoadafter for male and female squirrels separately (Table2). For these two models, the fixed terms included treatment, body weight, TickLoadbefore, and FleaLoadafter.

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Complex effects of testosterone level on ectoparasite load in a ground squirrel: an experimental test for the ... - Parasites & Vectors

Whether youre a competitive athlete, a fitness enthusiast or just looking for a more chiseled physique, you may be tempted to turn to supplements to give your body a muscle-building boost.

So, when you hear about SARMs (selective androgen receptor modulators), you may think youve found the magic bullet.

After all, you think, theyre not really steroids. So, they must be ... somehow ... better for you, right?

Not so fast, says family medicine physician Ayan Sanyal, MD. SARMs are still in the investigational stages by the FDA (the U.S. Food and Drug Administration), so their safety profile and long-term effects havent been well studied. But from what we do know, SARMs have been associated with very major negative impacts across several vital organs in your body.

What exactly are SARMs and what are the risks? Dr. Sanyal shares what we know so far.

SARM stands for selective androgen receptor modulators. Its a category of compounds that affect the androgen receptors in your body.

Lets break that down.

Androgens like testosterone and dihydrotestosterone (DHT) are the sex hormones associated with things like muscle development, bone density, and sexual desire and function, Dr. Sanyal explains.

Everyone has androgens in their bodies. But men and people assigned male at birth (AMAB) make more androgens than women and people assigned female at birth (AFAB).

In order to do their work, androgens need to bind to certain receptors throughout your body. But those receptors arent always fully activated. Thats normal.

SARMs bypass that system. Think of SARMs as a key that unlocks the androgen receptors in your muscles and bones. They open the doors and allow a rush of testosterone and DHT into those areas.

One effect of that is quicker muscle growth, without you having to put in the work of lifting weights. But there are other effects, too. Potentially dangerous ones. More on those in a bit.

SARMs arent technically illegal in the way that nonmedical drugs, like, say, cocaine, are illegal. But it is illegal for companies to market them as dietary supplements. And they cant be prescribed by doctors.

SARMs also are banned by the U.S. Department of Defense, as well as sports organizations, including the NCAA and the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA).

More than 120 SARM products are on the WADA Prohibited List, which means these products show up as a positive on a drug screening test, even if you havent taken them for a while or dont take them regularly, Dr. Sanyal notes.

Why are SARMs prohibited in sports?

Its two-pronged, really.

One reason is that SARMs can give you a competitive advantage by increasing muscle mass.

The other is because the known risks of SARMs are enough to cause concern.

Supplement manufacturers try to bypass the rules and regulations regarding selling SARMs in some sneaky ways.

One hint that you may be looking at a product that contains SARMs is on the labels disclaimer. Because SARMs arent allowed to be sold as supplements, youll see language on their package to the effect of For research purposes only. Or Not for human consumption.

Or you can review the ingredients label. But know that SARMs go by a number of different names, making them hard to spot in a laundry list of ingredients.

The U.S. Anti-Doping Agency (USADA) says some of the most popular SARMs include:

See the full list of SARMs and other WADA-prohibited substances here.

But beware that no matter what the package claims, youre likely not getting the full story.

The supplement market is highly unregulated, and theres very little quality control, Dr. Sanyal warns. Companies are trying to make a quick buck, and they know that some people will pay for SARMs. So, some of these products want you to think youre getting SARMs, but they may actually be a very low percentage of those compounds. (Good for your health. Bad for your wallet.)

On the other hand, the lack of regulation means your product could have very high even toxic levels of SARMs.

SARMs work like anabolic steroids in that they can encourage quick muscle growth. But how they go about that work is a little different.

SARMs target the specific androgen receptors in your muscles and bones. Anabolic steroids unlock the androgen receptors across your whole body. Research from the National Institutes of Health says that anabolic steroids also create new androgen receptors.

The risks of misusing anabolic steroids have been well-studied and understood for years. They include issues like:

Some people will tell you that because SARMs are choosy about which receptors they unlock, they dont have negative side effects. Or that because they work differently from anabolic steroids, they arent a risk to your health.

But scientific research says otherwise.

More research needs to be done to know more about SARMs effects and their long-term effects, but the preliminary research has raised a number of concerns, Dr. Sanyal shares.

The FDA warns that research to date has connected SARMs with risks and side effects like:

SARMs have yet to be subjected to the high-quality longitudinal studies that need to happen to fully understand their risks and any benefits, he continues. Future research will also be able to tell us more about how SARMs interact with other medications and supplements.

Researchers are also studying the potential to use SARMs medically for people living with severe muscle loss, such as people with age-related muscle wasting, HIV or people whove lost muscle mass due to chemotherapy treatments.

When SARMs came along in the 1990s, they proliferated the market as a safer alternative to steroids.

That idea is going out of style. Because the more we learn, the less safe they appear.

In 2017, the FDA released a statement warning against SARMS, saying, in part, SARMs, have not been approved by the FDA and are associated with serious safety concerns.

The warning goes on to say that the FDA has and will continue to take legal action against companies selling products that contain SARMs.

You're really rolling the dice by taking SARMs because we dont know everything that they do to the body on the biochemical level, Dr. Sanyal warns. Eating a healthy diet with plenty of lean proteins and alternating cardio exercise with weight training is going to be the safer route to building muscle.

And if you think a supplement is the way to go, talk with a healthcare professional about safe and effective options.

Continued here:
SARMs Harmful Side Effects and Risks - Health Essentials

Matthew Trevio and Emily Fletcher are self-described DINKWADs double income, no kids, with a dog. The Sacramento couple, who met and work at UC Davis, are as committed to each other as they are to not having children, which makes reliable birth control especially important. But except for condoms or a vasectomy, all birth control options currently available are for women. Trevio, 35, and Fletcher, 28, believe contraception should be more of a shared responsibility.

Maybe the burden is on the wrong side, said Trevio. I kind of think its unfair, that it only lands on the women.

They have been participating in a clinical trial at UC Davis Health to test a reversible hormonal birth control gel for men. If successful, male hormonal birth control has the potential to make the responsibility of contraception more equitable. The clinical trial, funded by the National Institutes of Health and taking place at sites around the world, is currently in its fourth year at UC Davis Health.

The hormonal gel, developed by the Population Council and the NIH, is applied to the shoulders and works by suppressing sperm production while maintaining testosterone levels. The gel works with the same principles as female hormonal birth control, which uses two hormones progestin and estrogen to prevent pregnancy.

The gel has a progestin called Nesterone, which prevents the testes from making sperm, explained Mitchell Creinin, professor of obstetrics and gynecology and a family planning specialist at UC Davis Health. During that process, natural testosterone production also stops.

For a man to feel normal and even be able to have sex, he needs testosterone. So, we give Nesterone plus testosterone.

Participating in the trial wasnt an easy decision for the couple. Fletcher had been on some form of birth control since age 12. The trial meant going off birth control at a pivotal time just when Roe v. Wade was overturned.

I was worried, said Fletcher. There was still a thought in the back of my mind that maybe this will be an issue if the drug doesnt work and I get pregnant.

Fletcher and Trevio did their homework on the trial and examined the data. They both work as researchers. Ultimately, they both decided it was the right thing for themselves and for their relationship.

The hormonal gel comes in a canister about the size of a can of shaving cream, and it holds two weeks worth of doses. Trevio, a former Marine, has made applying the hormonal gel part of his morning routine, squirting just a small amount on his tattooed shoulders.

The list of possible side effects from the gel is long and includes dry or oily skin, increased or decreased libido, hair growth or loss, and mood swings. Besides what may be a little weight gain from the drug, Trevio has had only one other side effect.

Ive only experienced increased libido, he said. Maybe Im just lucking out but I hope this is the case for the majority of participants. If it is, its definitely going to change contraception as a whole.

Fletcher said shes had to adjust to Trevios increased libido. But she says their sex life comes with a lot less worry.

Knowing that his sperm count is essentially zero is definitely peace of mind, Fletcher said.

Researchers hoped the gel would work about as well as the female birth control pill, but its working even better than expected, said Creinin.

Link:
Male hormonal birth control? It may be closer than you think - University of California

Winnie Jemutai Boinetthas been suspended by the Athletics Integrity Unit (AIU) for three years as she tested positive for testosterone.

Boinetts sample that she provided in competition at the XLI Cross Internacional de Italica in Seville, Spain, on November 12, 2023, had the presence of testosterone. Testosterone is banned under the World Anti-Doping Agencys (WADA) prohibited list.

The 20-year-old 5000-metre runner admitted to the violation and accepted the consequences, including the forfeiture of any medals, titles, points, prize money, and other prizes won since the date of the provisional suspension. Therefore she had a reduced sentence from four years to three years.

The World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) and the Anti-Doping Agency of Kenya (ADAK) may appeal the decision to the Court of Arbitration for Sport in Lausanne, Switzerland.

The World U20 bronze medallist in the 1500m may have also age-doped as Wikipedia lists her birthday as 4 October 4, 2003, June 4, 2003, or February 9, 2002. She has run the 5000m as fast as 14:39.05.

Original post:
Kenyan Winnie Jemutai Boinett banned three years for testosterone - Athletics Illustrated

ANYONE WHO HAS watched Prime Video's recent hit

The gains came after a call from Skydance Television, the company that coproduces Reacher, that came after season one wrapped, Ritchson revealed in his Men's Health cover story. He had lost too much weight, they told him.

He tried to keep up with his lifting regime while filming, but he was on set nearly seven days a week. It was demanding on his body. By the end of the first season, he was "utterly fatigued and broken," and dealing with an injured shoulder. Luckily, there was a full year-and-a-half break between the two seasons.

A few months into that break, Ritchson's doctor suggested he try testosterone-replacement therapy, or TRT. Testosterone plays a role in hair growth, sex drive, red blood cell production, and (of course) maintenance of muscle mass. TRT is designed to raise testosterone levels in the body for those with low levels of the vital hormone. There are several different kinds, including injectables, topical gels, cream patches, pills, and even nasal spraysall of which come with different side effects.

Ritchson started the therapy under his doctor's supervision, and says it has made growing muscle mass much easier. That doesn't mean he's putting less effort into his time in the gym, though. "People can think what they want, but I work out very hard," he says.

His work has paid off, toohis gains have been well noticed upon his return to the show for season two. Fans have been gawking over his new aestheticsome approving, some not. The more grizzled look works for me much more than it did for the first season, one Redditor wrote. Like he has grown into the role.

And now, that new physique has stirred some buzz about him filling an upcoming superhero rule. Ritchson doesn't care that TRT helped him get to this point though. In his cover story, he joked about someone referencing it as 'steroids with a doctor's note'.

I guess it is, he says now. I didnt even know that it was considered an anabolic steroid to some people. It was just: There was a hormone that was missing for me, and I needed it.

Cori Ritchey, NASM-CPT is an Associate Health & Fitness Editor at Men's Health and a certified personal trainer and group fitness instructor. You can find more of her work in HealthCentral, Livestrong, Self, and others.

Read more from the original source:
Alan Ritchson Opens up About Testosterone Replacement Therapy - Men's Health

T

hanks to his herculean physique, John Cena has enjoyed a decades-long career as a professional wrestler, actor, and rapper. And he has no plans to give up on his gains as he ages.

In a recent interview with Howard Stern, Cena says that hes never taken testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) or anabolic steroids to bulk upbut hes open to the former when his natural testosterone levels start to dip.

Im not ruling (TRT) out. Therell come a time, Cena told Stern. I get my bloodwork done three times a year, and my testosterone is fantastic for a [nearly] 47-year-old.

Cena believes that maintaining healthy testosterone levels promotes longevity and makes it easier to recover post-workout. And hes right. Health professionals suggest theres a link between T levels and lifespan.

While low testosterone may not increase your risk for early death directly all-cause mortality risk increases in men with lower testosterone levels, says James Staheli, D.O.

Conditions linked to low testosterone may be the culprit. Studies show that clinically low T is linked to a higher risk of diabetes, metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular disease, osteoporosis, sexual dysfunction, depression, and dementia (1).

If left unchecked, many of these conditions can limit your healthspan and lifespan.

Research also suggests having a healthy testosterone level for your age] may support skeletal muscle tissue growth, which can help reduce injury risk and help your muscles recover better between workouts (2). Dodging injury and maintaining a healthy amount of muscle can extend your lifespan, too, studies suggest (3).

See original here:
Why John Cena is Considering Testosterone Replacement Therapy - The Edge

Some men naturally have a lower testosterone level than others. Others have low testosterone due to age, genetics, lifestyle, or dieting. While low testosterone levels can be devastating to any mans body and mind in itself, there are ways of boosting testosterone production naturally that dont involve any medication or other artificial substances (or expensive TRT, testosterone replacement therapy).

Yes, thats true! Boosting testosterone levels without resorting to anabolic steroids is possible. Today, some of the worlds best natural testosterone boosters claim to raise testosterone levels without the side effects of anabolic steroids. By taking these testosterone supplements daily, you can purportedly support healthy male testosterone, giving you high energy levels, weight loss results, and muscle gain.

So, if you are looking for the best testosterone boosters for 2024? Which testosterone-boosting supplements live up to the hype? Find out everything you need to know today in our guide to testosterone booster supplements.

Our editorial team interviewed manufacturers, analyzed labels, and read countless clinical trials to determine the best testosterone supplements of 2024. Below are our rankings of the best testosterone boosters of this year.

Lets jump right into the heart of the matter and review the top best testosterone boosters for men looking to naturally boost testosterone levels:

Product Classification

Whats in it: These premium testosterone pills are formulated with the help of Ashwagandha, Fenugreek, Zinc, L-Arginine HCL, Panax Ginseng, D-aspartic acid, Vitamin D3, Garlin, and Magnesium.

Supplement Features:

Serving Instructions: Take four capsules with a glass of water daily

Check Official Website: Testosil.com

Testosil stands unchallenged as the best natural testosterone booster available in the market today to promote testosterone production. Leveraging a potent testosterone booster formulated with patented ingredients, it promises an impressive increase of up to 434% in testosterone levels, more than what exercise alone can deliver.

Sourced from FDA-registered and inspected facilities and created following cGMP-certified manufacturing processes, Testosil offers a safer alternative to synthetic testosterone boosters, aiding in harmonizing hormone balance and enhancing sexual function.

Complementing a healthy diet it empowers men to boost testosterone naturally, fostering greater muscle size and strength, as evidenced in a groundbreaking study. Choose Testosil, the epitome of potency and reliability, and redefine the boundaries of your physical and sexual well-being.

Product Classification

Whats in it: Trigonella foenum-graecum and Furosap

Supplement Features:

Serving Instructions: Consume one pill every day

Check Official Website: Primegenix.com

Last on our list, PrimeGENIX Testodren has recently launched a formula for boosting free testosterone levels in the body. With Testodren, you can choose a healthy and natural alternative to testosterone products that only partially work and leave destruction behind. The product is completely safe because it has no side effects. It is a great option available in the testosterone supplement market.

Product Classification

Whats in it: With Testogen testosterone pills, you get a combination of fenugreek, D-aspartic acid, Nettle Leaf Extract, Zinc, Vitamin D3, and other herbal extracts, minerals, and nutrients linked to a higher testosterone level.

Supplement Features:

Serving Instructions: It is best to take 4 Testogen pills daily, 20 minutes before breakfast.

Check Official Website: Tesogen.com

Testogen is the best testosterone booster supplement that claims to target energy levels, muscle growth, sex drive, and overall male performance. Some people take Testogen to lose weight. Others take it to accelerate lean muscle mass. Some just want to raise their sex drive. Several ingredients in these best testosterone pills further ensure the healthy production of sex hormone-binding globulin to balance androgens and estrogens.

Testogen contains zero steroids; therefore, it will naturally increase testosterone levels in men. Testogen is manufactured by a well-known American company. According to the makers of this natural testosterone booster, you will notice health improvements within a fortnight of beginning use.

Product Classification

Whats in it: Prime Male contains strong doses of Vitamin D3, Vitamin K2, Vitamin B6, Magnesium, BioPerine, Zinc, D-Aspartic Acid Calcium Chelate, Asian Red Ginseng, Luteolin, Mucuna Pruriens, Nettle Root Extract, and Boron (as boron amino acid chelate)

Supplement Features:

Serving Instructions: After a meal, take 4 capsules of Prime Male every day

Check Official Website: Primemale.com

Prime Male testosterone boosting supplement is one of the fanciest formulas on this list, delivering a higher dose of proven testosterone-boosting ingredients than most of its competitors. The makers of Prime Male claim their formula could raise testosterone as high as 42% in under two weeks. It also has a genuine celebrity endorsement from Dolph Lundgren, of all people.

The formula contains a potent ingredient called Luteolin, which balances the luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone to increase testosterone production naturally.

Priced at $69 per bottle, its not as cheap as other testosterone-boosting supplements on this list, but Prime Male emphasizes good value by using stronger doses of active natural ingredients. Advertised benefits include higher energy and libido, improved lean muscle mass, controlled blood sugar levels, and better overall performance, among other health benefits.

Product Classification

Whats in it: The manufacturer claims that each serving of TestoPrime contains 8,000mg of Panax ginseng, 2,000mg of D-aspartic acid, 800mg of fenugreek extract, and 668 mg of ashwagandha extract, all of which are the strongest doses on this list.

Supplement Features:

Serving Instructions: Consume four capsules of Testoprime before breakfast each day

Check Official Website: Tesoprime.com

Testo Prime testosterone boosting supplement contains some of the strongest doses on this list. To put that dosage in perspective, we dont see a dosage this strong, even with scoops of protein powder.

Testo Prime has packed an unusually strong dose of only natural ingredients into each capsule of its formula. By taking one four-capsule serving of Testo Prime daily, you can purportedly lose weight, increase lean muscle mass, and raise testosterone, among other noticeable health benefits. It has got amazing customer reviews to impress us.

Product Classification

Whats in it: The blend includes Fenugreek Extract, D-Aspartic Acid, Vitamins D, K2, and B6, Magnesium, Oyster Extract, Ginseng, and Zinc to increase testosterone levels naturally.

Supplement Features:

Serving Instructions: Take 4 capsules per day in an instructed time gap to boost testosterone levels

Check Official Website: Testofuel.com

The makers of TestoFuel advertise their formula as an anabolic support complex, suggesting it supports testosterone by targeting your natural anabolism. Using only natural ingredients, TestoFuel claims to offer optimal testosterone levels with D-aspartic acid, vitamin D, and even oyster extract, among other proven compounds.

Each serving of TestoFuel testosterone-boosting supplement works to help with sex drive, virility, testosterone, muscle growth, body fat burning, and more. You take four capsules per serving to support testosterone.

Product Classification

Whats in it: Testolab Pro fuels up your testosterone with D-Aspartic Acid, Oyster Extract, Ginseng, Fenugreek, Magnesium, Vitamin B, Vitamin K2, Zinc

Supplement Features:

Serving Instructions: Consume 2 capsules in the morning and 2 in the evening to support healthy testosterone levels

Check Official Website: Testolabpro.com

TestoLab Pro delivers 120 capsules of testosterone-boosting power in each bottle. Each bottle includes natural ingredients to protect, sustain, and potentiate testosterone circulating through your body. Like other testosterone supplements, TestoLab Pro claims to specifically improve free testosterone levels and boost luteinizing hormone production.

Testosterone is only useful when circulating through your bloodstream. With TestoLab Pro, you get effective natural ingredients to support weight loss, muscle-building, stress response, sex drive, and even bone strength, among other unique effects.

Product Classification

Whats in it: HunterTest testosterone pills contain the following natural ingredients: Asian Ginseng, Ashwagandha, Boron Chelate, D-aspartic acid, Vitamin K2, Vitamin D, Zinc, Indole-3-Carbinol, and Magnesium.

Supplement Features:

Serving Instructions: Take 6 capsules every day with a glass of water

Check Official Website: Hunterevolve.com

Hunter Tests stylish packaging masks a supplement with strong doses of multiple active ingredients linked to healthy testosterone levels. The customer reviews section says everything. We like the natural testosterone booster Hunter Test because it combines vitamins and minerals crucial for testosterone production with herbal extracts linked to libido and sex drive.

Together, these best testosterone booster pills could help you support testosterone production from multiple angles. Thats why the makers of Hunter Test describe their formula as a total testosterone-boosting package. If you like stylish packaging, then its also tough to beat Hunter Test.

Product Classification

Whats in it: Boswellia extract (Frankincense), Ashwagandha, Shilajit, Tongkat Ali, Korean Red Ginseng, Magnesium, Zinc, Vitamin D, and Vitamin B6

Supplement Features:

Serving Instructions: Experts recommend taking 2 capsules daily

Check Official Website: SilentMalePlague.com

Zenith Labs makes an effective testosterone booster called Barbarian XL. The supplement is also one of the few on this list that was genuinely formulated and approved by a doctor. Dr. Ryan Shelton is the Chief Medical Officer for Zenith Labs, and he used his experience in naturopathy to create the Barbarian XL formula.

Barbarian XL features unique ingredients we dont see with other testosterone boosters on this list, and it could work differently by targeting different pathways. Barbarian XL contains Boswellia resin extract, ashwagandha, shilajit, ginseng, and other ingredients traditionally used in various fields of Asian medicine.

Product Classification

Whats in it: Tongkat Ali, L-Norvaline, Avena Sativa, Cordyceps Sinensis, Rhodiola Rosea, and Tribulus Terrestris are all included in T20 to help boost testosterone levels.

Supplement Features:

Serving Instructions: Swallow 2 capsules every day for at least 3 months

Check Official Website: Saveyourmojo.com

Dont let JayLab Pro T20s bland packaging fool you: the supplement claims to boost your testosterone and turn back your body clock by 20 years with just 30 seconds of supplementation per day. By taking two capsules of T20 daily, you can give your body the ingredients it needs to support testosterone production. T20 uses ingredients we expect to see in a testosterone booster, including Tongkat Ali and Tribulus Terrestris.

The natural testosterone booster also contains unique ingredients and mechanisms we dont always expect to see, including L-norvaline and Avena sativa for targeting blood flow. These ingredients could enhance vitality from multiple angles. Instead of just boosting testosterone, T20 could support blood flow and other benefits. At under $40, its also one of the most affordable natural testosterone boosters on our list.

Product Classification

Whats in it: Each serving of Testo-Max includes D-aspartic acid, vitamin D3, magnesium, Bioperine(05% Piperine), Korean red ginseng, nettle leaf extract, fenugreek, and other herbal extracts, vitamins, minerals, and nutrients associated with testosterone production in the male body.

Supplement Features:

Serving Instructions: Take 4 capsules before 20 minutes of breakfast

Check Official Website: Crazybulk.com

The last strongest testosterone booster, CrazyBulk, is best known for its bodybuilding supplements, including formulas that help with cutting, bulking, and boosting strength. With Testo-Max, the supplement improves bodybuilding results from a different angle: by supporting testosterone production. It has Nettle leaf extract that improves blood flow and healthy testosterone levels by preventing the free testosterone from binding to sex hormone-binding globulin.

CrazyBulks Testo-Max is advertised as a strength and energy supplement and a natural alternative to higher-powered products. Its part of CrazyBulks Mass Series.

Product Classification

Whats in it: Fenugreek Seed Extract, D-aspartic Acid, ZMA, Vitamin K2, Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine HCl), Zinc, Magnesium, and Vitamin D3

Supplement Features:

Serving Instructions: Swallow 4 capsules each day in two doses

Check Official Website: TestRX.com

TestRX is a natural testosterone supplement that uses vitamin D, vitamin B6, and other vitamins and minerals crucial for male sexual health. TestRX emphasizes similar benefits to competing supplements. It has Vitamin D3, which is a fat-soluble vitamin to increase the absorption of calcium and phosphorus.

By taking TestRX daily, you can purportedly put on stacks of lean, hard muscle mass at any age. The supplement is primarily advertised to men who want to increase muscle mass, muscle tone, and burn body fat. However, its also marketed as a sexual health supplement and libido booster that raises free testosterone levels. With multiple effects and angles, TestRX aims to be the best testosterone booster for men of any age.

Product Classification

Whats in it: With Testo 911, you get a formula with modest doses of magnesium, Diindolylmethane (DIM), Eurycoma Longifolia, zinc, Rhodiola Rosea, and other ingredients.

Supplement Features:

Serving Instructions: Take 2 capsules of Testo 911 every day

Check Official Website: Testo911.com

Testo 911 is one of many 911 supplements from PhytAge Labs targeting different health and wellness goals. The company is known for its unusual marketing campaigns and dramatic sales videos. PhytAge Labs claims their formula will naturally boost testosterone levels, increase energy levels, support blood flow, reduce inflammation, and aid in a healthy metabolism, among other benefits. Just take it daily to enjoy all of these benefits and more.

Testosterone booster companies make similar promises: they all claim to support healthy testosterone, increase muscle growth, and give you the energy and sex drive you had as a younger man.

However, few testosterone boosters live up to those promises. To separate the best and worst testosterone booster supplements from one another, we considered all of the following factors in our rankings:

The goal of the best testosterone booster is to replicate the effects of anabolic steroids using legal, natural, safe ingredients. Some testosterone boosters use vitamins and minerals. Others use herbal extracts or amino acids. Some ingredients are backed by real scientific evidence, while others are not.

Want to know a secret? The two most important testosterone-boosting ingredients are vitamin D and zinc, both of which are available in an average multivitamin. You can find multivitamins for less than $10, while the testosterone boosters above cost $40 and up. Thats why we considered the uniqueness of the formula in our rankings. Youre buying the best testosterone booster for more than just zinc and vitamin D.

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Top 13 Strongest Testosterone Boosters Ranked: Best Brands to Buy in 2024 | HeraldNet.com - The Daily Herald

Alan Ritchson is finally a success story, though it took many more years than he expected. At 41 years old, the Reacher star is a testament to perseverance in the industry, and learning from your own mistakes.

Speaking in a new interview with Men's Health, the actor shares that he was super-confident his big breakthrough moment had come when he starred in Spike TV's (now Paramount) 2010 comedy, Blue Mountain State. He even got a follow-up film out of the project.

"I just sort of expected that there would be a cornucopia of comedies for me to choose from," he said. "And nobody really wanted to see me for anything." This was five years after scoring the role of Aquaman on Smallville didn't land him any superhero or action roles.

He did get a shot at another superhero, but admits that he didn't take it seriously enough. At more than six feet tall and ruggedly handsome with light hair, RItchson thought he was a lock for Marvel's Thor when he walked into a 2011 audition.

"I didnt take it seriously, he said of the audition. I was like, Theyll throw me the part if I look like the guy; nobody really cares about acting." He would ultimately lose the role to Chris Hemsworth, who continues in it to this day.

To make matters worse for the actor, still more than a decade from his own action breakthrough, his people were informed that the role had been his to lose. Apparently, he was a lock for it, but he'd failed to show them he had "the craft."

After that misstep, Ritchson took "the craft" of acting more seriously, enrolling in classes, and spent a decade settling for smaller roles in projects like Black Mirror, Brooklyn Nine-Nine. Finally, he got his superhero role in Titans as Hawk from 2019 to 2021. From there, he moved onto the lead position of Reacher, and now finds himself at a whole new level.

"I had about 50 offers the weekend after season 1 of Reacher opened," he said. "I knew my life had changed."

After working relentlessly through the first season of the hit Prime Video series, Ritchson was told he'd lost too much weight. Dealing with an injured shoulder and with time before Season 2, a doctor recommended testosterone-replacement therapy.

Saying he has little patience for any pushback about TRT, Ritchson said it has helped him keep the weight he wants on. At the same time, he acknowledged what he heard from someone, that it is "steroids with a doctor's note."

"I guess it is," he acknowledged. "I didnt even know that it was considered an anabolic steroid to some people. It was just: There was a hormone that was missing for me, and I needed it."

On top of managing his physical health, Ritchson has taken responsibility for his mental health, as well, since being diagnosed with bipolar disorder at 36 years old. Part of that includes seeing a psychiatrist weekly and being open with his wife and assistant, who know how to help see symptoms.

He said the symptoms are usually somewhat mild -- and sometimes even humorous -- when he's at home. An example he brought up was he'll be feeling, "I gotta find a perfectly white pair of shoes that look like a tennis shoe but arent." Then, three days later, "eight pairs of shoes show up that are all identical."

At work, he said it manifests more as a strive toward perfection. "When Im manic and I feel like something isnt living up to its best potential, it usually comes out in a verynot in a mean waybut in a this has to be better way. Like a very, almost obsessive this has to be better.

In another instance, he said that his manic episodes actually pushed a stunt coordinator to resign after the first season (they have since returned). When he was urged not to do a fight scene, he pushed back hard. "I was like, 'I'm doing the f--king stunt!" Ritchson said.

When he's feeling depressive, conversely, he said it's not even usually noticed while working "because I am so focused," he said it "could go weeks without people even knowing I feel a certain way."

What he's found in the years since his diagnosis is a sense of purpose, and the power of being open about his own experiences. Ritchson revealed that he was actually haunted by suicidal thoughts five years go, but then he started talking about his mental health on platforms like his YouTube channel and InstaChurch.

It's the thought that his experience could touch others and help them feel less alone in their own situations that helps him to feel less alone in his.

He's also found help in meditation, which he described as being "about manually shifting back into a calmer brain state." And then there's prayer and his 15 minutes of alone time in the sauna. "That's Zen time," he said.

Thanks to his work on Reacher, Ritchson has found himself being taken more seriously as an actor, and seeing offers for dramatic projects. His schedule has been packed tight, too.

On top of his hit show, Ritchson appeared in Fast X and has roles in two upcoming films, Ordinary Angels and The Ministry of Ungentlemanly Warfare. After years of reaching for it, it certainly looks like Ritchson has finally achieved his dream.

If you or someone you know is struggling with depression or has had thoughts of harming themselves or taking their own life, get help. The National Suicide Prevention Lifeline (1-800-273-8255) provides 24/7, free, confidential support for people in distress

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Alan Ritchson on Blowing Thor Audition, Taking Testosterone, Living with Bipolar Disorder - TooFab

People today want to make the most of these substances for their benefits. Winstrol is a common anabolic steroid. It increases muscle size and power and lowers fat in an 8-week course. Many bodybuilding enthusiasts like Winstrol steroid because it makes their muscles harder, boosts their energy, and cuts down their body fat. Anabolic steroids have been used by people for a long time, sometimes without knowing it. They use these substances to improve their energy, focus, muscle size, fat loss, and more.

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In this course, we will tell you everything about Winstrol. How does it affect your body? Why is it good for your fitness goals? By the end of this, you will know its pros, cons, and overall impact on your body.

Winstrol Cycle

The usual cycle for taking it and seeing results is from six to eight weeks. It might change a little depending on your weight, but the general rule is to not take it for more than 8 weeks.

Winstrol is a strong substance that can show results in two weeks.

Experts say you should not take it for more than 8 weeks, because it can hurt you after that.

You can take Winstrol differently depending on what you want from it. Some cycles can be one week, three weeks, or eight weeks, depending on your goals.

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Boost Your Performance with Winsol - The Best Winstrol Substitute at a Lower Price!

If you want a natural and safe way to improve your fitness performance, you might want to try Winsol, a legal substitute for Winstrol, a common steroid. Winsol is a supplement for building muscles that helps you grow lean muscle and burn fat and makes you stronger and faster.

How it works Winsol is a natural supplement that works like Winstrol but without bad side effects. Winsol makes your metabolism faster, improves your blood flow, and keeps your lean muscle. It also helps you get rid of water and fat, making you look more sharp and ripped.

Winsol Ingredients

Acetyl-L-Carnitine: This amino acid helps your body burn fat and makes you more focused and clear-headed.

Choline: This nutrient helps your brain and muscles work better. It also helps you stay awake and motivated.

Wild Yam Root: This plant extract is a natural source of DHEA, a hormone that controls your testosterone levels. This can help you grow muscle and strength.

DMAE: This compound is found in fish and seafood. It makes your brain and memory better and reduces swelling and muscle pain.

Safflower Oil Powder: This oil is rich in omega-6 fats that help your heart, lower swelling, and make your skin and hair healthy.

Winstrol Cycle Dosage

During the 6-8 weeks of its cycle, the usual dosage is from 20-80 mg to get rid of fat in your muscles. Some people take about 100 mg per day to build and keep muscle mass.

But the general tip is to take about 50 mg to grow your muscles and keep them. On the other hand, 75 mg is good for making your muscles stronger and your workouts more lively.

Winsol Benefits

More Fat Burning: Your metabolism gets faster, allowing you to burn more calories and fat. Your body shape can get better, and you can lose weight.

Better Muscle Definition: It helps you keep lean muscle while losing fat. This can help you get a more shaped and defined look.

Better Endurance: It makes more oxygen go to your muscles, improving your stamina and endurance during workouts. This can help you work out harder and longer.

Better Vascularity: It makes your blood flow and nitric oxide better, increasing vascularity. This can make your veins more noticeable and give you a more muscular look.

"Winsol Benefits and Drawbacks

Benefits:

A Natural, Legal, and Safe Alternative to Winstrol. Good for Both Men and Women, Improving Body Shape and Performance. No Need for Prescription or Injections; Just Take It by Mouth. Happy Customers and Good Reviews. 60-Day Money-Back Guarantee.

Drawbacks:

A Bit Costly Compared to Other Supplements in the Market. Only Available on the Official Website of CrazyBulk.

Winsol is a strong supplement for bodybuilding that can help you lose fat, gain muscle, and perform better. It is made of natural ingredients that act like Winstrol without causing any bad side effects.

If you want a safe and legal way to improve your body and fitness level, Winsol might be the supplement for you.

Winstrol Steroid

Mainly, people use Winstrol to lose fat and increase the number of red blood cells in their body. These RBCs bring more oxygen, which makes your energy levels higher.

Winstrol is a steroid that you do not inject into your muscles or veins. You take it by mouth, which is less painful than the other option.

Also, taking it by mouth lets you control how much you take. Injecting it can be risky because you might take too little or too much.

Also Read: Steroids for Sale Black Friday Deals and Savings Offer 2022: Buy Steroids Online

Is Winstrol Legal?

Lawyers watch Winstrol steroid closely. The US says it is a controlled substance, but allows it to be sold in a black market.

This might be done to warn people who want to buy Winstrol to check its ingredients, effects, and their own health before buying it.

In many countries, it is popular among bodybuilders and you can buy and sell it.

Thats where Wincut can help you.

It helps with fat loss without having to use an extreme and dangerous diet.

It also helps you keep your energy levels high, so you can work harder and longer in the gym.

Heres why we think its a great option for any cutting or finishing cycle.

Removes the extra fat

Did you know that our metabolism always changes to the amount of calories we eat?

This is why extreme diets dont work. Your body will eventually change and slow down your metabolism to stop you from losing more fat.

When you have used dieting to reach a certain level of body fat, Wincut helps you go past that limit by helping your body get rid of the extra fat.

It helps to restart your metabolism and make your bodys fat burning ability higher. This means that you can finally get that ripped, veiny look youve been working for.

Get clear, pumped abs

Abs are made in the kitchen, they say. Thats not wrong. But what if you want to get really lean and ripped abs?

While diet is important, Wincut can help you go one step more by helping your muscles to get pumped.

You see, sometimes a good pump can make your muscle visibility much better. Thats where Wincut comes in.

It helps you get that pumped look with more stamina and longer pumps. This leads to more clear, ripped abs.

No more water weight

Even when you lower your body fat levels to the single digits, you might still see that your muscles look a bit swollen and soft. Thats because of water weight.

Wincut helps you get rid of that extra water weight and make your muscles look even more sharp.

That too, without changing your electrolyte levels. Unlike Winstrol, you do not get any cramps with Wincut. You look your best and also work at your best.

Wincut vs. Winstrol Cost

Wincut costs $58.99 for a bottle of 60 pills. This is about $1 per day, which is very cheap for an effective supplement that can help you cut and finish like Wincut.

On the other hand, Winstrol costs around $100 per month depending on where you buy it from. Plus, most of it is fake anyway.

Effects of Winstrol After Two Weeks

Winstrol works very differently from testosterone in your body.

Testosterone makes your body hold a lot of water. But Winstrol does the opposite, and makes it very dry, which creates a special artistic look.

Every muscle stands out, as if they were not made by exercising in a gym. But rather by a painter.

A thin layer of skin covers them, which makes your body look beautiful. These effects appear within two weeks of using Winstrol. But the experts in bodybuilding suggest a maximum of 6 to 8 weeks for a cycle.

How Fast Does Winstrol Work?

To enjoy the benefits of Winstrol, you need to be ready for it. Get fit and lower your body fat to a single number.

Winstrol is fast, but not magic. So, you have to work hard to get to a starting point and then use Winstrol to enhance its effects.

If you follow a good routine, Winstrol can make a quick cutting effect, giving you dry muscles!

How Much Winstrol Do I Need for A Cycle?

For this, you have to decide your goals first. That is, if you are using Winstrol for losing fat, gaining muscle or increasing strength.

If it is for losing fat, you can use about 25 to 50 mg per day. If it is for gaining muscle, then the dose can be from 80 to 100 mg.

To boost your strength levels, you can think of a dose of around 75 mg every day.

Winstrol Cycle Before and After

The most common use of the steroid is to lower body fat and increase muscle gains. The steroid starts working in two weeks.

Then, the user sees changes in muscle shape and size.

These changes make the fat percentage lower and the body more muscular.

After the cycle ends, the user feels more energetic, which makes their workouts harder. As a result, muscle mass grows faster, and the metabolism works better.

In other words, the before and after of the cycle would be dramatically different if done in accordance with what the experts suggest.

The user must be acutely aware of its own health. This is because Winstrol usage may aggravate underlying health problems and cause permanent damage to the organs. It may also trigger insomnia and high cholesterol.

What Does Winstrol Do to Your Body?

Winstrol is popular among bodybuilders because it makes you lose fat, grow muscle, and bulk up your body in different ways.

What it does inside is tell your muscles to make more proteins. This makes your muscles bigger.

Since protein speeds up your metabolism and your muscles need room to grow, it also lowers your fat level.

Protein has a big role in making your muscles bigger and burning fat in your body. But it also helps your muscle health and power.

The increase in protein goes along with the production of ATP, which is Adenosine Triphosphate. It is a molecule in your body that is responsible for moving energy throughout your body and involving every cell.

What Can I Expect from the Winstrol Cycle?

What you expect from the Winstrol cycle depends on what you want from it.

Winstrol increases your metabolism and energy levels in your body. If you use these well, you may get closer to your goals of bulking or cutting.

But the steroid also has a downside that you need to pay attention to. This includes the chance of Winstrol side effects such as joint pain, high cholesterol, and sleep problems.

If you have cholesterol issues or joint problems already, the negative results would be more than the positive ones.

You should be realistic in your expectations. Only if you know the pros and cons well enough should you go ahead with Winstrol.

Legal Winstrol for Sale: How to Buy Winsol?

Originally posted here:
12 Week Testosterone and Winstrol Cycle - What is Winstrol Used For - Deccan Herald

In recent years, testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) has been considered a potential treatment for hypogonadism, a condition characterized by low production of the male hormone testosterone. Some studies suggested that TRT could possibly slow the progression of prediabetes or diabetes. However, recent research contradicts these assumptions, finding no evidence that TRT benefits metabolic health in men with hypogonadism.

Published in JAMA Internal Medicine, the study evaluated whether TRT could prevent progression from prediabetes to diabetes or improve glycemic control among those already diagnosed with diabetes. The study involved 5204 participants with hypogonadism across 316 trial sites. The results were clear: there was no difference in the progression to diabetes between the testosterone and placebo groups. Furthermore, there were no differences in glycemic improvement among men with diabetes.

Another significant study, the TRAVERSE Diabetes Study, produced similar findings. The study showed that TRT for men with hypogonadism and prediabetes is not associated with a significantly lower rate of progression to diabetes. The research found no significant differences in terms of glycemic remission and the changes in glucose and A1c levels between the testosterone- and placebo-treated men with prediabetes or diabetes.

The findings of the TRAVERSE randomized trial suggest that TRT alone should not be used as a therapeutic intervention to prevent or treat diabetes in men with hypogonadism. These findings could be pivotal in weighing the potential benefits of TRT in middle-aged and older men with hypogonadism who have prediabetes or diabetes.

A substudy of the TRAVERSE trial found that TRT does not increase the risk for cardiovascular events, fracture, or prostate cancer, and may only improve anemia, but not cognitive function. According to the research, the only indication for TRT in men with hypogonadism remains treatment of bothersome symptoms of hypogonadism, generally sexual dysfunction.

In conclusion, these studies highlight the importance of careful consideration before prescribing TRT for the management of prediabetes or diabetes in men with hypogonadism. The findings suggest that TRT does not slow the progression of these conditions, nor does it significantly improve glycemic control. Therefore, it is crucial for healthcare professionals to make informed decisions based on the latest research when considering different treatment options.

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Testosterone Replacement Therapy (TRT) and Diabetes: What Recent Research Reveals - Medriva

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