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21 September 2020

A single gene which encodesthe enzyme aromatase, is crucial for the regulation of male sexual desire according to research from Northwestern University, Illinois.

Aromatase, which is encoded by the Cyp19a1 gene, is involved in the conversion of testosterone to oestrogen, driving male sexual activity. Testosterone is the primary sex hormone in males, and oestrogen is one of two primary sex hormones in females. These findings, published in the journal Endocrinology, could lead to further research surrounding sex addiction and dysfunction.

'This is the first key finding to explain how testosterone stimulates sexual desire' said Professor Serdar Bulun, a professor of obstetrics and gynaecology and senior author of the study. 'We demonstrated conclusively that the conversion of testosterone to oestrogen in the brain is critical to maintain full sexual activity or desire in males.'

The researchers knocked out the Cyp19a1 gene from the brains of male mice, which is a genetic technique in which a gene is made inactive. This leads to approximately a 50 percent decrease in sexual activity, in terms of both number of sexual encounters and total time spent engaged.

Whilst sexual behaviour in knockout mice was partially restored by testosterone, it was only fully replenished after administering testosterone with estradiol, a form of oestrogen. This implies that, for testosterone-driven sexual activity, aromatase is a requirement.

'[Without aromatase] male mice partially lost interest in sex' said Dr Hong Zhao, research associate professor of obstetrics and gynaecology who was also involved in the study. 'Aromatase is the key enzyme for oestrogen production. Oestrogen has functions in males and females. Testosterone has to be converted to oestrogen to drive sexual desire in males.'

Aromatase deficiency, which is extremely rare, leads to chronically high testosterone levels in men and a loss of libido, and has been treated using oestrogen therapy. However, until now, it was not known how aromatase fuelled the male sex drive.

The authors suggest that these findings could have significant human implications for men who display low sexual desire, known as male hypoactive sexual desire disorder, as well as those experiencing compulsive sexual desire and sex addiction.

Next steps will include developing specific treatments to alter aromatase activity, as well as trials to ensure that the effects observed in mice can be translated into humans.

Link:
Gene crucial to the regulation of sexual desire in men discovered - BioNews

For weight lifting generally, the evening is preferred as our body temperature is normal. However, this might not be the case for all. It all depends from person to person. Some people prefer to do weight training even in the afternoon.

As per research, weight training in the evening might be the best option. This is because of the functioning of two hormones, which are believed to play an important role in muscle building: Cortisol and Testosterone.

Cortisol, apart from other things it contributes to, also helps to regulate blood sugar level by breaking down muscle tissue when required. This process is called catabolism. On the other hand, testosterone helps to build muscle by utilising protein, which is referred to as anabolism. The level of both cortisol and testosterone are highest in the morning, while the level of cortisol drops by the evening.

The study suggests that the ratio of testosterone to cortisol is highest in the evening, which might be beneficial in building muscle.

Excerpt from:
What is the right time to do cardio and strength training exercises? - Times of India

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Emerging Revenue Growth of Leading Testosterone Replacement Therapy Market 2020-2027 | Endo Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Eli Lilly and Company, Kyowa Kirin...

In the United States new social reforms became necessary with the development of International trade, the expansion of white investments and profits and more importantly the return of thousands of the black proletarians from the world wars in Europe and white-owned factories abroad in Asia, Africa and Latin America to demand for social justice, and the upturning of the racist Jim Crow Laws. The new economic necessities in the world with new global experiences by the black proletariat and the global expansion and investments of American capital formed the social and material basis of a second Civil Rights Movement. New Reforms and Amendments to the Constitution were needed to appease the growing unionized workers and the globally exposed black proletariat. These conditions included the Right to vote, the demand for more humane living conditions and better living wages. At the summit of his wealth, national and global power the conquering white supremacists declared the Monroe Doctrine in which he made himself the owner of Latin America, its backyard and resources, while his fraternal fellow capitalist and white supremacists of Europe held the Berlin Conference and divided Africa among themselves into various spheres of influence.

Finally, racism and white supremacy responsible for black genocide are the ideological remnants of the socio-economic formation of slavery. Under neo-liberal capitalism the racist and white supremacist ruling class still globally sustain black servitude which has remained economically and socially beneficial with its numerous racial privileges. This racist ruling class is globally responsible in the planning of black genocide as a strategic means in ensuring perpetual black servitude and under-development whether in the African continent or the numerous diasporas of Britain, France, Spain, Portugal, Australia, Belgium and others with the United States of America remaining the epicenter.

The mode of implementation of black genocide has often varied with the location, time, social and geopolitical conditions. The Black Lives Matter Movement has not only exposed to the world how the police institutions of most western nations are in subterfuge white nationalist security outposts who under testosterone paranoia hunt their streets to kill physically endowed young black men with the strategic goal of sustaining black servitude and under-development of the black communities, reinventing racism while continually retaining their unwarranted racial privileges.

In Africa black servitude and under-development is also instituted by the same global strategy of black genocide but under different social and geopolitical conditions. The renewed tactics of destabilization through the intra-continental and global manipulation of capital, labor, employment, religion, commodity prices, uneven wages, competition over markets, geopolitically engineered famine pitted against skin color, ethnicity, and race will continue to exacerbate towards their intended global dynamic of black genocide.

Is the genocide from the Nigerian civil war whereby millions of black children perished from starvation, induced kwashiorkor not as a result of the western manipulation of investments by the oil multinational corporations, chiefly Shell, Mobil, Texaco and others, and the instigation of violence through the fabricated religious dynamic between the Northern Moslem population and the Christian South as western imperialism equipped both ethnic and religious groups with arms, indirectly sold through their Arab allies leading to the dynamic consequence of black genocide and the under-development of Nigeria?

In South Africa, the system of Apartheid generated a racial conflict where the white man profited for many years from the resulting racial privileges, leading to the loss of millions of black lives through a social dynamic designed to produce black genocide, underdevelopment and control. The apartheid system has continued to propagate a process of xenophobia where the white supremacists deliberately propagate unequal wages between different ethnic groups from other African migrants doing business or who are under employment in South Africa, against black South African indigenes. Wages and nationality are manipulated by white supremacists leading to a violent dynamic resulting in seasonal xenophobia and black genocide which undermines the much needed solidarity by African states, amicable intra-African trade and social development.

There are sufficient evidence linking members of the ruling white supremacist class of Western imperialism to the funding of both government, Christian and Muslim groups which propels the dynamic of terror in Boko Haram, El Shabaab and other terror groups in the African continent which lead to their intended strategy of black genocide as a means of ensuring black servitude, control and under-development.

More recently are the planned efforts to destabilize Ethiopia, which through its leadership has become the rallying nucleus and model for economic development for African nations. With a remarkable focus in the construction of roads and other necessary infrastructure connected to its new industries, Ethiopia has began to solve the energy needs for its industries and people through utilizing the Nile River to construct one of the worlds largest dams. There are concerns in the use of contiguous African States to destabilize its development efforts by undermining the construction of this essential energy source by western imperialism through sowing the ethnic seed of Black genocide through the anonymous assassination of a popular Ethiopian musician from the Oromo ethnic group that has lead to social unrests and genocide of Ethiopian citizens, and the destabilization and under-development of a rising African State in order to sustain black backwardness, dependence and servitude and bow to the white supremacists forces responsible for global racism, black genocide and unending servitude.

The tactics of using black lives to inflict the overall strategy of black genocide in the African continent as a means of economic and social destabilization not only leads to under-development but discourages self reliance and encourages a reactionary and an alienated state of mind, of self resignation, dependence and black servitude, the principal and global strategy of white nationalism, racism, and white supremacy.

In the key cities of the black diasporas of France, Britain, Belgium, Spain, Portugal with the USA as its nucleus, the institutions for the enforcement of law and order such as the police force, prisons and other dungeons have in subterfuge become the recruiting bases for white supremacists who under government funding commit black genocide to keep the black man in servitude and under-development, and are applauded by other white supremacists as their heroes. Of historical significance is the ascent of the revolutionary flames of the Black Lives Matter Movement as it highlights the trail and national armpits where this dark strategy of black genocide is implemented through police brutality. Ironically, these are the same antediluvian pathways of the slave trade. When it reaches the killing grounds in Africa, home of the black man with their diabolical maneuvers of socio-economic, geographical and religious tactics, these different dynamics that lead to the same black genocide will be revealed to history. Then the new world order of multilateralism and global socialism may, as of necessity be in sight before a troubled humanity consumes itself.

Concluded

Professor Onwubiko is head, Department of Biochemistry University of Nigeria, Nsukka

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Racism, black lives and the testosterone paranoia Part 2 - Guardian

The intrusion of armed anarchists into the Idaho Legislatures chambers was an act that was beyond anything I might have imagined. They apparently were demanding the removal of the requirement that everyone wear face masks.

Research has demonstrated that face masks are by far the most effective measure to slow the spread of the debilitating disease COVID-19 that kills some and inflicts what threatens to be lifetime injuries on others.

In an attempt to understand their actions, I have come up with possible motives.

Since a high percentage of people dying from the COVID-19 virus are over 80, and especially those in nursing homes, could it be their intent is to help balance the national budget by killing off these people who are drawing so many Social Security and Medicare dollars? Since President Trump has suggested canceling the tax that supports Social Security and Medicare, they could be helping him out by killing off a number of these freeloaders. Never mind that they paid into these funds all their working lives.

A disproportionate number of these deaths are in the Latino, Native American and Black communities. It is likely that these deaths are due to economic conditions since these groups have a disproportionate number of poorly paying jobs, and it takes money to quarantine for a long period of time. Could it be their motive is to thin out these communities due to prejudice?

Since these anarchists fall into the tough guy category, they may want to thin out those of us who do not appreciate their attitudes by amplifying the spread of this terrible disease. Since they are so tough, they think they will simply shrug off the disease. In reality, they might not be so tough after all.

This brings me to the question: Do I really think they are planning far enough in advance to actually be conducting their assaults on the Legislature for any of these conspiracy reasons? I certainly do not. What I do think is they are a bunch of stupid people who want to do anything they want, and if any of these scenarios play out it will be due to plain old stupidity. Stupidity brought on by testosterone diseases.

These conspiracy postulates, while crazy, are no worst than those put out by QAnon. I cannot imagine that anyone actually believes the QAnon conspiracy theories, but obviously some are actually stupid enough to embrace them.

So, if people on the right are going to put out stupid conspiracy theories, people on the left need to put out some of their own. Can anyone reading this come up with some good ones?

James Delmore is a retired scientist.

Go here to read the rest:
Anarchy pure and simple - Post Register

New research could lead to breakthroughs in treating men who suffer from low or overactive sex drive.

CHICAGO A new discovery is opening the door to treating sexual dysfunction in men. Doctors from Northwestern Universitys School of Medicine say a specific gene in the brain regulates sexual desire, making it possible for scientists to increase or decrease these impulses.

Researchers say the key is a gene calledaromatase. In a certain area of the brain, this gene converts testosterone to estrogen and helps the male sex drive. Until now, scientists werent sure how big of a role aromatase played in this process.

This is the first key finding to explain how testosterone stimulates sexual desire, senior author Dr. Serdar Bulun says in a media release. For the first time, we demonstrated conclusively that the conversion of testosterone to estrogen in the brain is critical to maintain full sexual activity or desire in males. Aromatase drives that.

The study examines how mice react when scientists artificially block the function of aromatase. The results show male mice see a 50-percent decrease in sexual activity, even though their testosterone levels are higher than normal mice. While some may associate estrogen with females, study authors explain it plays a vital role in the male body too.

Male mice partially lost interest in sex, says Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicines Dr. Hong Zhao. Aromatase is the key enzyme for estrogen production. Estrogen has functions in males and females. Testosterone has to be converted to estrogen to drive sexual desire in males.

Normally, male lab mice will follow female mice around and try to mate when placed in the same cage. The new study finds male behavior is noticeably different when inhibiting this gene.

If you knock out the aromatase gene in the brain, their sexual activity is significantly reduced. There is less frequency of mating. The male mice are not that interested, Bulun says.

The Northwestern team says a low sex drive, known as hypoactive sexual desire disorder, is a common problem among men using certain antidepressants known as SSRIs. Bulun believes boosting aromatase can restore the testosterone-estrogen conversion.

For men experiencing compulsive sexual desire on the other hand, dampening this gene just like the mice may be the answer. The study cautions however, existing drugs which inhibit aromatase can cause osteoporosis, a condition causing the bones to become brittle and weak. Using this new research, Bulun says specific drugs which only target the brain area where aromatase works can avoid these side-effects.

The study appears in the journal Endocrinology.

More:
Scientists discover gene, area in male brain that controls carnal desire - Study Finds

In January, I was diagnosed with incurable prostate cancer. On the same day, I started a testosterone blocker. The doctors warned me that this meant my sex life was over.

That night I looked at the first pill, ululating with grief over what I was about to lose. Nine months later, I can no longer remember what all the fuss was about. I boasted to my woke teenager that I am now on the list LGBTQIA. Which one are you? she asked, sceptically. A, I replied; for asexual.

I now find sex incomprehensible, even though I had always been an enthusiast. My inner Sid James, the bit of hetero blokes that goes phwoarrr at the sight of an attractive woman, has been banished for ever, to be replaced by a benign old gentleman who thinks: what a pretty frock that lady is wearing. The grief was short-lived, because I am changed. Intimacy with my wife has changed, too. Intimacy, it transpires, doesnt need to be sexual. There is freedom in that. Sophocles was asked, How do you feel about love? Are you still capable of it? To which he replied, To my great delight I have escaped from it, and feel as if I had escaped from a frantic and savage master.

Like Sophocles, Im glad Ive escaped.

Each week, a reader tells us about their sex life. Want to share yours? Email sex@theguardian.com. All submissions are published anonymously, and subject to our terms and conditions.

Comments on this piece are premoderated to ensure the discussion remains on the topics raised by the article. Please be aware that there may be a short delay in comments appearing on the site.

Read more:
My life in sex: I'm taking testosterone blockers - and my sex life is over - The Guardian

Summer is thought of as a pretty "hot" season with people feeling friskier than other times of the year. It's possible the increase in vitamin D in the summertime, spending more time in social settings, and showing more skin throughout the summer months together might create more sexual interest.

But when we look at hormone patterns, fall may actually be the season when sexual desire gets a boost.

Humans, like most mammals, experience a sort of "biological rhythm" when it comes to fertility and other bodily processes. Our hormones fluctuate with these rhythms, including hormones like testosterone, which play a big role in sex drive, among other things.

In one study on testosterone in men and women, researchers found both experienced a drop in testosterone in the summer, with a spike in fall. A second study on men only also found a prominent seasonal peak in testosterone levels in October and November. Additional research suggests it's not uncommon for men, in particular, to experience a drop in testosterone in the colder months of winter, as well.

Taking these studies together, it's possible that fall may be a particularly potent time of year when it comes to sex drive. Another study found men actually find women's bodies more attractive during the colder months because they're less likely to see women's bodies exposed around that season, in comparison to the summertime.

Of course, if you or a partner suffer(s) from season affective disorder (SAD), the fall and winter months may not bring much sexual desire along with them. Depression is known to lower one's sex drive, with a decreased libido in colder months being a possible indication of SAD.

See the original post:
Why Sex Drive May Change By Season & The Time Of Year It Often Peaks - mindbodygreen.com

Last week we looked at the framework for the season. There wasn't space in the column to talk about what to expect when the season opens. September deer activity is a lot different than November deer activity. If you have trail cameras out or if you have been scouting, you probably have seen bachelor groups of bucks co-existing together. That will change pretty quickly as we progress into the fall. This is caused by rising testosterone levels in bucks as day length and the amount of sunlight diminish. Bucks will tolerate each other for a couple more weeks, but as their testosterone levels rise, their necks begin to swell and they begin to push and shove each other, eventually turning to all out fighting, establishing dominance for the coming rut.

The ritual is ancient; as old as the coming of fall itself and the hunter's urge to head to the woods. If you have noticed a group of bucks on camera or during your scouting, you should hunt that area right away because they are likely to disappear soon. At least some of them will. Bucks spread out and some will not be seen where they have spent the summer with the group of other bucks.

Food sources change. Acorns begin to drop. Crops are harvested. Beans that were a favorite all summer are now dropping leaves.

Grant Woods notes on his Deer and Deer Hunting program, that it's a hard to hunt bedding areas in the mornings this time of year as well. Deer feed in the evening and head back to their bedding areas before daylight. It's hard to get close to those areas early in the morning in the early season. Grant suggests hunting bottlenecks in the evenings between bedding areas and food sources.

There is a lot going on in the woods this time of year. It's time to start tuning in to the rhythms of seasons.

Continued here:
The Outdoor Journal by Kyle Carroll - Braymer Bee

Photo: Craig Barritt/PHILL MAGAKOE (Getty Images)

Real recognizes real, and greatness knows who it holds company with. Its no surprise, then, that champion gymnast Simone Biles was among those offering full-throated support to South African track star Caster Semenya, who lost an appeal last week to be able to compete as she was born.

A Swiss high court ruled last Tuesday that Semenya could not compete in any races between 400 meters and a mile unless she underwent medical interventions to lower her testosterone levels. Semenyas body naturally produces more testosterone than what has been considered typical for women.

With the ruling, Semenya is unable to compete in her signature event, the 800 meters, in which she has won Olympic gold twice.

This is wrong on so many levels once again men having control over womens bodies, Biles wrote in a tweet last Thursday. Im tired.

G/O Media may get a commission

The courts decision, which upholds a 2019 ruling made by the Court of Arbitration for Sport (CAS), was roundly criticized, including by The Root, for leaning into a long history of scrutinizing and policing the bodies of Black female athletes.

Its a practice that Biles is unfortunately familiar with. She has written about being fat-shamed as a young gymnast. A Vogue profile of the gymnastwidely acknowledged to be the greatest of all timenotes that Biles first international win was overshadowed by a racist allegation by an Italian gymnast, who told reporters that Biles race was an advantage.

Next time we should paint our skin Black, so we could win, too, Carlotta Ferlito told reporters.

As Biles told a fan at an event earlier this year, the scrutiny didnt stop there.

They focused on my hair. They focused on how big my legs were. But God made me this way, and I feel like if I didnt have these legs or these calves, I wouldnt be able to tumble as high as I can and have all of these moves named after me, Biles said, according to Vogue.

Its no wonder, then, that 23-year-old world champion would feel compassion for Semenya, who has been fighting back for years against allegations that she should not run in womens events because her testosterone levels give her an unfair advantage.

As writer Claire Rudy Foster noted in a recent Allure article, Semenyas white counterparts didnt start questioning Semenyas gender until she started winning the 800-meter race in international competitions. After her win at the 2009 World Championships, Mariya Savinova, a Russian who also ran in the race, speculated to Russian journalists that Semenya would fail a sex determination test.

Just look at her, Savinova told reporters at the time (as Foster reports, Savinova was caught doping eight years later).

For her part, Semenya has remained defiant in the aftermath of the ruling.

I am very disappointed by this ruling, but refuse to let World Athletics drug me or stop me from being who I am, Semenya said in a statement released through her lawyers last week. For the last year, she has been training for the 200 meters, a race she can legally compete in without having to alter her genetic makeup through surgery or medication.

She followed that up with a tweet on Thursday, vowing to fight for the human rights of female athletes, both on and off the track, until we can all run free the way we were born.

Read the original post:
Simone Biles Stands in Solidarity With Olympic Runner Semenya Caster After Controversial Ruling: This Is Wron - The Root

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