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Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a common medical condition affecting women. In this,women start to produce more than normal amounts of male hormones. This causes a hormonalimbalance in the body leading to irregular periods anddifficulty inconceiving. It also increasesthe growth of hair on the body and face and contributes to health problems like heart disease anddiabetes.

Heres how it affects the body

Too much testosterone in the body can affect your menstrual cycle by preventing ovulation.It also disrupts sugar levels in the body. The body starts producing a higher-than-normal amount of insulin. When there is excess insulin in the body, it also increases the testosterone levels in the body causing absent or irregular periods, reduced fertility, alopecia or less hair on the head, hirsutism or excess hair on face and body, changes in the skin like dark skin patches or acne.

When a woman is suffering from PCOS, her body image takes a hit and her self-esteem goesdown. It is very common for women to experience anxiety and depression from the physicalchanges their body is going through. And now that you have to stay at home because ofthe lockdown, this feeling can get extreme. So, it is more important than ever to control thesesymptoms. A few tweaks in your lifestyle can help in improving the signs and symptoms.There are two major fields to work on exercise and nutrition. Here are some exercises you can try during quarantine:

Cardio:These are moderate exercises and can help women with PCOS. Doing cardio for about 30 minutes a day can help with symptoms of anxiety, depression, weight management, and improve the frequency of ovulation and menstrual cycles.

Strength training:Bodyweight exercises that you can do from the comfort of your home like push-ups andsquats can help in improving the function of insulin.

Interval training:This involves swapping between small durations of high-intensity workout and low-intensity recovery. Not only will you be able to get relief from the symptoms of PCOS, but you will also be boosting cardiovascular fitness. It improves insulin resistance and reduces excess testosterone.

Core strength:Core training is important when your weight is resulting in poor posture and lower back pain. Make sure that you switch the muscles supporting the spine so you dont hurt yourself while exercising.The most important thing is to choose something that you enjoy and consult a doctor tomake sure that it is the right one for you.

Diet

Some dietary restrictions can help in relieving symptoms of PCOS:

Do not eat red meat as it increases the risk of infertility. This means no steaks, hamburgers or pork, too.

Avoid eating hydrogenated and saturated fats like in dairy-based products. Also, baked goods contain a lot of these fats.

Eat a lot of green vegetables like broccoli and lettuce. You can also have red fruits that are rich in antioxidants and nutrients like berries. Make sure to include plant proteins like lentils, legumes, and dried beans in your daily diet.

You need to follow a diabetic diet as you are insulin resistant. This means that your diet should have foods that are low in carbs and rich in fibre. This includes wheat, whole grains, poha, wheat pasta, and brownrice.

Avoid any refined carbohydrate products like white bread, biscuits, and pastries. Also, stay away from sugary beverages like energy drinks and sodas.

Women with PCOS experience water retention. So, it is important that you eat frequent, small meals and have enough water.

Here is what you should eat

Cereals: Bran flakes, barley, brown bread, multi-grain bread, whole wheat porridge, muesli, oatmeal, oats, quinoa, whole wheat.

Dairy products: Skimmed milk, tofu, yogurt, paneer, and soy milk.

Fruits: Apples, berries, pears, peaches, plums, oranges, papaya, and watermelons.

Nuts: Almonds, flaxseeds, and walnuts.

Pulses: Beans, chana dal, green moong, whole pulses, and yellow moong.

Dealing with PCOS can be difficult. However, if you follow your doctors advice, eat healthy food and work out regularly, it becomes slightly manageable.

(The author is consultant OB-GYN,Apollo Cradle, Brookefield, Bengaluru)

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Do the balancing act - Deccan Herald

You close your bedroom door. Turning on your computer, you open the browser in incognito mode, as you always do. You type in the words and click on Search, hoping to get some relief. But today, even Google fails you.

You still dont know for sure if masturbation will limit your muscle gains!

This question becomes even more crucial in the present time because of the lockdown. Were all worried that without gym, well end up losing all this hard-earned muscle. But what if our favourite lockdown pastime also ends up harming your gains? The thought is simply unbearable. Do we need to adopt a strict Hands Off Our Junk policy if we dont want to lose our muscle?

via GIPHY

Well, look no further because your search ends here! By the end of this article, youll probably have a definitive answer to one of THE MOST important questions in a guys life.

Lets start at the beginning. The general belief (read: Bro Science) is that fapping causes a reduction in testosterone levels. But why should that be a problem?

Testosterone plays a massively important role in helping to build muscle mass after a stimulating workout. The higher the testosterone levels, the better your potential for gaining muscle. A man with testosterone levels of 1000ng/dl simply needs to look at a bunch of weights and hell put on tonnes of muscle mass in no time. On the other hand, take a man with T-levels around 200ng/dl and hell have to work harder and harder, day in and day out, before he gets to see even the slightest increase in muscle mass.

via GIPHY

Fun Fact: Men have naturally higher T-levels than women which is why they put on muscles more easily as compared to women. Also, women are more reactive to even small increases in testosterone as compared to men.

Coming back to your question:

Does masturbation actually affect muscle gains?

There have been numerous studies conducted in the hope of finding a conclusive answer to just this question.

In one study, the subjects had to abstain from doing the nasty for 7 days straight. Fortunately, this sacrifice was not for nothing as they did in fact see a slight rise in their testosterone levels.

Another study did the same thing but for 3 weeks! Thats right, the men were told not to touch themselves for 3 straight weeks. As hard as it might have been, they did manage to adhere to the instructions given to them. Even here, the subjects saw a slight increase in testosterone levels. At the end of the duration, in both the studies, the men let go and saw their testosterone levels drop to below normal for around 20 mins or so after which it came back to baseline.

via GIPHY

Heres what happened. When you finally do achieve release, your dopamine levels fall, the prolactin levels see a spike, your heart rate rises and the testosterone levels fall briefly.

If that sounded a little too sciencey, let me break it down in laymans terms:

Dopamine is a hormone that is responsible for emotions like pleasure and

pain. Dopamine restricts the production of prolactin. When dopamine levels fall, prolactin levels go up.

Prolactin interferes with the secretion of testosterone. So when prolactin levels rise, the testosterone levels fall.

Workout tip: If you work out immediately after youve been hands-on, your heart rate will rise higher as compared to working out before blowing your load.

via GIPHY

How relevant is this information from a bodybuilding perspective?

Masturbation in itself does not affect performance. The rise or fall of testosterone levels were only found immediately before and after the male subjects finished burping the worm. These changes are so negligible that they will have absolutely no direct impact on your exercise performance. Even these changes were temporary. The total testosterone levels remain the same.

Looking at masturbation as the sole contributor to low T-levels is like missing the wood for the trees. The majority of men who have lower testosterone levels dont need to stop spanking the monkey. They just need to alter other aspects of their lifestyles.

via GIPHY

Lifestyle factors that actually affect testosterone levels:

Activity levels : Any form of exercise (resistance training being the best, including bodyweight training) has shown to increase the testosterone levels compared to a sedentary lifestyle.

Deficiencies: Lack of Zinc, Magnesium, Vitamin-D, Cholesterol, Saturated fats causes a fall in testosterone production.

Excessive Eating: When you eat at a big deficit for an extended length of time, your body will shut down or at least slow down a majority of the non-essential mechanisms of the body, testosterone production being one of them.

Heavy drinking and smoking: As if you needed another reason to quit, alcohol and tobacco have been shown to adversely affect testosterone and your performance in the sack.

Obesity: The wider your waistline, the lower your T-levels are likely to be.

Poor Sleep: When you skip or deprive yourself of sleep, the insulin sensitivity goes down, cortisol levels rise and testosterone levels fall. Overall, the levels of catabolic hormones in the body rise while those of the anabolic hormones fall - not a good sign.

via GIPHY

So go ahead and enjoy your me-time as much as you want. It wont affect your progress in your bodybuilding endeavours. Just make sure that you dont indulge in self- love to such an extent that youre too tired to get out of bed and actually exercise or it leaves you too exhausted to work out to the best of your abilities.

AUTHOR BIO:

Nachiketh Shetty is a Coach with Fittr, India's Largest Online Fitness Platform. A lawyer by training, he hung up the black coat to pursue his passion for fitness. Till date, he has helped almost 800 people go from flab to fab.

Photo: iStock (Main Image)

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Here's The Answer To Whether Masturbation Is Affecting Your Muscle Gains & Testosterone Levels - MensXP.com

Acerus Pharmaceuticals

Global Testosterone Replacement Therapy Market Segmentation

This market was divided into types, applications and regions. The growth of each segment provides an accurate calculation and forecast of sales by type and application in terms of volume and value for the period between 2020 and 2026. This analysis can help you develop your business by targeting niche markets. Market share data are available at global and regional levels. The regions covered by the report are North America, Europe, the Asia-Pacific region, the Middle East, and Africa and Latin America. Research analysts understand the competitive forces and provide competitive analysis for each competitor separately.

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Testosterone Replacement Therapy Market Region Coverage (Regional Production, Demand & Forecast by Countries etc.):

North America (U.S., Canada, Mexico)

Europe (Germany, U.K., France, Italy, Russia, Spain etc.)

Asia-Pacific (China, India, Japan, Southeast Asia etc.)

South America (Brazil, Argentina etc.)

Middle East & Africa (Saudi Arabia, South Africa etc.)

Some Notable Report Offerings:

-> We will give you an assessment of the extent to which the market acquire commercial characteristics along with examples or instances of information that helps your assessment.

-> We will also support to identify standard/customary terms and conditions such as discounts, warranties, inspection, buyer financing, and acceptance for the Testosterone Replacement Therapy industry.

-> We will further help you in finding any price ranges, pricing issues, and determination of price fluctuation of products in Testosterone Replacement Therapy industry.

-> Furthermore, we will help you to identify any crucial trends to predict Testosterone Replacement Therapy market growth rate up to 2026.

-> Lastly, the analyzed report will predict the general tendency for supply and demand in the Testosterone Replacement Therapy market.

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Table of Contents:

Study Coverage: It includes study objectives, years considered for the research study, growth rate and Testosterone Replacement Therapy market size of type and application segments, key manufacturers covered, product scope, and highlights of segmental analysis.

Executive Summary: In this section, the report focuses on analysis of macroscopic indicators, market issues, drivers, and trends, competitive landscape, CAGR of the global Testosterone Replacement Therapy market, and global production. Under the global production chapter, the authors of the report have included market pricing and trends, global capacity, global production, and global revenue forecasts.

Testosterone Replacement Therapy Market Size by Manufacturer: Here, the report concentrates on revenue and production shares of manufacturers for all the years of the forecast period. It also focuses on price by manufacturer and expansion plans and mergers and acquisitions of companies.

Production by Region: It shows how the revenue and production in the global market are distributed among different regions. Each regional market is extensively studied here on the basis of import and export, key players, revenue, and production.

About Us:

Market Research Intellect provides syndicated and customized research reports to clients from various industries and organizations with the aim of delivering functional expertise. We provide reports for all industries including Energy, Technology, Manufacturing and Construction, Chemicals and Materials, Food and Beverage and more. These reports deliver an in-depth study of the market with industry analysis, market value for regions and countries and trends that are pertinent to the industry.

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Tags: Testosterone Replacement Therapy Market Size, Testosterone Replacement Therapy Market Growth, Testosterone Replacement Therapy Market Forecast, Testosterone Replacement Therapy Market Analysis

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Period acne , or a flare-up of acne every month which coincides with the occurrence of your period, is not something so uncommon. Along with pollution, makeup, sun exposure and so many other external factors, it is important to understand what happens to your skin during periods. Just before your period date, the levels of female sex hormones fluctuate and these fluctuations may stimulate oil glands to increase oil production and results in acne breakouts. These hormonal fluctuations may also be responsible for other fun period things like, moodiness and sore breasts. Overall skin tends to be more sensitive during periods and its hard to prevent acne for good but can be minimised.

The hormones fluctuate continuously throughout the menstrual cycle, the duration of which on an average is 28 days in a woman. The levels of female sex hormones, estrogen and progesterone rise during the first and last half of the menstrual cycle, respectively. As you approach your periods the level of both these hormones fall but the level of testosterone, a male hormone which is produced in small amount in females remains constant. Thus the level of testosterone being relatively higher before and during your periods. Due to these hormonal shifts, a females skin undergoes all sorts of changes.

The secretion of sebum from sebaceous glands is stimulated by increased progesterone during the middle of menstrual cycle. Rise in the level of testosterone before and during periods also stimulates the sebaceous glands and thus more sebum is secreted. This increased sebum effects different women differently. For some, may produce a healthy glow on the skin, whereas in others, due to excess oil along with dirt, debris and dead skin cells the skin pores become clogged and cause premenstrual acne.

Sometimes, the immune system produces a reaction to Cutibacterium acne, an acne causing bacteria and this immune reaction to the bacteria and its metabolites results in inflammation accompanying pimples before periods.

Acne thats related to period is more likely to flare up during the week leading up to period or during period. It tends to clear up or improve when period is ending or over. And if you already have acne, then you might notice it getting worse during this time.

A pimple is not just a pimple, these are different types of blemishes. These are Blackheads, Whiteheads, Papules, Nodules, Cyst and knowing the difference between them , can narrow down the best acne treatment.

1. Birth Control Pills :-Increase a protein (Sex Hormone Binding Globulin , SHBG) in blood which soaks free testosterone. Thus less amount of available testosterone is there for causing acne. Also increases estrogen level. But be patient, as there is initial increase in acne on using these pills for three to four months but this subsides as the body adjusts to the pills. Before using, take advice from your doctor.

2. Spironolactone :-It is an anti-androgen drug. It reduces the level of testosterone which reduces oil production. It may not suit all women, hence, always consult your physician.

3. Weight loss :-Obesities reduces Sex Hormone Binding Globulin, SHBG and also increases testosterone. Anything, which reduces SHBG , may result in acne. Thus eat a well balanced and healthy diet and avoid junk food. Also follow a exercise routine and maintaining an optimum and healthy weight may help in controlling acne before period.

a. Wash your face two to three times a day with oil free cleanser

b. Use an Over the Counter anti-acne cream to remove excess oil

c. Avoid makeup, containing oil

d. Remove makeup and clean your skin before going to bed

e. Take a shower after exercising

5. Reduce your stress level.

6. Isotretinoin:-If other treatments havent worked for you or you suffer from severe cystic acne, then try this. It is a vitamin A derivative. The drug may cause various side effects and is not safe in pregnancy. Thus, before using , discuss all risks and side effects with your physician.

Your doctor may prescribe you low dose tetracycline for five days, which you may use few days before beginning of your period.

While breakouts may annoy you as an adult but acne typically lessen after a certain age, because with age the amount of hormones the body produces begin to decrease.

Period acne can be difficult to prevent completely. But some simple steps you can take to keep your skin relatively clear and healthy.

First of all, mix baking soda with water and make a paste.

Applying this paste on the face and let it dry.

When it dries well, wash the face with lukewarm water.

This vitamin capsules may prove to be a better option for curing acne scars.

Break the capsule of vitamin E and apply it on acne scars.

You can use this remedy once a day.

Citric acid is believed to be very beneficial in reducing irritation, removing scars and removing wrinkles in the skin.

Aloe vera gel works like magic to remove blemishes.

Sleep using this gel at night and wash face in the morning.

Results will start appearing soon.

Some other home remedies :-

a. Tea tree oil.

b. Turmeric.

c. Honey.

d. Warm compress.

e. Warm green tea bag.

f. Cold compress.

g. Neem facepack.

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Periods and Acne: Are They Related ? - Krishi Jagran

Since the arrival of COVID-19 to Louisiana in early March, LGBT+ students from the University of Louisiana at Lafayette have been forced to remain at home with parents or relatives who may be less than accepting of them.

A student at the University of Louisiana at Lafayette, who wished to withhold her actual name and will be referred to as Ty Atwood, is experiencing this first hand.

She is bisexual and now lives at home with parents who are religious and believe that her sexuality could be prayed away in church.

When I found out that I was (LGBT) I figured it was a very bad idea to tell them that, she said. Then, my cousin accidentally outed me freshman year of highschool, and my mom took me out to an empty parking lot, checked me out at school and made me cry about it for like three hours.

At UL Lafayette, Ty had more freedom to be herself away from her parents.

My usual outlet for being myself would be hanging out with my friends or being in other places, but now that thats gone I feel really confined, and my mood is not as great as it had been previously when I was more on my own, she said.

Another student, who attends Texas A&M and wished to withhold her actual name and will be referred to as Madelyn Pierce, did not go home for the same reason, but she would have if her parents were accepting of her being transgender.

Theyre mourning their son, though its not like he died; he just doesnt exist. But theyre shunning their new daughter, she said.

If Pierce went home, she would also not be able to take the estrogen or testosterone blockers that she receives from her school, and she would eventually run out.

So once I run out of those, that hormone balance would begin to shift again, and physically, I wont lose anything that Ive gained, but emotionally and just over all, things could get messy.

A NBC news article on trans people being forced off of their medication in prisons spoke of the disastrous consequences this can have.

Self-castration, suicide and waves of desperation are byproducts of the denial of sex hormones to inmates yearning to switch genders, the article reads.

UL Lafayettes GLASS (Giving Love, Acceptance, Safety, and Support), an LGBT+ organization on campus, has been helping students in whatever ways they can to find a safe space.

Tyler Nguyen, the president of GLASS, offered some advice as to who a student could turn to if they find themselves in an unwelcoming situation.

My advice would be to try to stay at home with people who make you feel comfortable, your chosen family, Nguyen said. A chosen family is not an alternative to family, but kind of like people who are not necessarily related to you, but they can be. People who embrace you and make you feel comfortable, and that is kind of what GLASS is about.

He also suggests finding other resources if a student does not have people to turn to.

If you dont have that resource, Id say like look for groups online or just find communities that you can join, just to make yourself feel comfortable, Nguyen said.

Originally posted here:
LGBT students comment on confinement with unaccepting families during COVID-19 - The Vermilion

SEATTLE, April 23, 2020 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- According to Coherent Market Insights, the global human immunoglobulin (pH4) for intravenous injection (COVID-19) market is estimated to be valued at US$ 43,205.8 million in 2020, and is expected to exhibit a CAGR of 12.7% during the forecast period (2020-2027).

Key Trends:

Key trends in the market include viral disease outbreaks, the increasing prevalence of chronic lymphocytic leukemia, and demand for immune globulin products in the market.

According to the American Cancer Society around 60,530 new cases of leukemia will be diagnosed in the U.S in 2020 out of which 21,040 new cases will be of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL).

Similarly, according to the Cancer Research UK, around 3,500 new cases of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) were diagnosed in the U.K in 2017.

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Moreover, the growing demand for immune globulin (IG) products is expected to drive the human immunoglobulin (ph4) for intravenous injection (COVID-19) market growth. For instance, on August 12, 2019, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) confirmed that demand for immune globulin products has increased in recent years and there is a shortage of Immune Globulin (Subcutaneous) (IGSC) and Immune Globulin (Intravenous) (IGIV) products in the U.S. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration is working closely with manufacturers such as Asceniv, Bivigam, Octagam, Panzyga, Privigen and others of various immune globulin (intravenous) (IGIV) products to help mitigate the supply situation for IG products.

Key Market Takeaways:

Key players operating in market are

Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Baxter International Inc., CSL Behring, Bayer AG, Grifols, S.A., Octapharma AG, Shanghai RAAS Blood Products Co., Ltd., Hualan Biological Engineering Inc., China Biologic Products, Inc., Sichuan Yuanda Shuyang Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Boya Bio-Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., ADMA Biologics, Inc., and Sinopharm Group Co., Ltd.

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Market Segmentation:

Related Topics:

HEALTHCARE CONTRACT RESEARCH OUTSOURCING MARKET

Healthcare Contract Research Outsourcing is conducted by pharmaceutical and medical device sectors for development of new drugs and medical devices. Clinical trials form the key part of pharmaceutical drug and medical device development and in the current scenario clinical trials are conducted across multiple locations in various geographies. Increasing cost and time required for drug development is expected to propel growth of the global healthcare contract research outsourcing market over the forecast period.

Read more @ https://www.coherentmarketinsights.com/market-insight/healthcare-contract-research-outsourcing-market-3788

ANDROGEN REPLACEMENT THERAPY MARKET

Androgen replacement therapy (ART), often referred to as testosterone replacement therapy (TRT), is a form of hormone therapy, in which androgens, often testosterone, are replaced. ART is often prescribed to counter the effects of male hypogonadism. It typically involves the administration of testosterone through injections, skin creams, patches, gels, or subcutaneous pellets. Testosterone replacement therapy is a promising technology for improving symptoms of hypogonadism and to raise the testosterone level.

Read more @ https://www.coherentmarketinsights.com/market-insight/androgen-replacement-therapy-market-3787

Excerpt from:
Global Human Immunoglobulin (pH4) for Intravenous Injection (COVID-19) Market to Surpass US$ 99,772.2 Million by 2027 - CMI - GlobeNewswire

Harbin Pharmaceutical Group

Global Methyltestosterone Market Segmentation

This market was divided into types, applications and regions. The growth of each segment provides an accurate calculation and forecast of sales by type and application in terms of volume and value for the period between 2020 and 2026. This analysis can help you develop your business by targeting niche markets. Market share data are available at global and regional levels. The regions covered by the report are North America, Europe, the Asia-Pacific region, the Middle East, and Africa and Latin America. Research analysts understand the competitive forces and provide competitive analysis for each competitor separately.

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Methyltestosterone Market Region Coverage (Regional Production, Demand & Forecast by Countries etc.):

North America (U.S., Canada, Mexico)

Europe (Germany, U.K., France, Italy, Russia, Spain etc.)

Asia-Pacific (China, India, Japan, Southeast Asia etc.)

South America (Brazil, Argentina etc.)

Middle East & Africa (Saudi Arabia, South Africa etc.)

Some Notable Report Offerings:

-> We will give you an assessment of the extent to which the market acquire commercial characteristics along with examples or instances of information that helps your assessment.

-> We will also support to identify standard/customary terms and conditions such as discounts, warranties, inspection, buyer financing, and acceptance for the Methyltestosterone industry.

-> We will further help you in finding any price ranges, pricing issues, and determination of price fluctuation of products in Methyltestosterone industry.

-> Furthermore, we will help you to identify any crucial trends to predict Methyltestosterone market growth rate up to 2026.

-> Lastly, the analyzed report will predict the general tendency for supply and demand in the Methyltestosterone market.

Have Any Query? Ask Our Expert@ https://www.marketresearchintellect.com/need-customization/?rid=218679&utm_source=LHN&utm_medium=888

Table of Contents:

Study Coverage: It includes study objectives, years considered for the research study, growth rate and Methyltestosterone market size of type and application segments, key manufacturers covered, product scope, and highlights of segmental analysis.

Executive Summary: In this section, the report focuses on analysis of macroscopic indicators, market issues, drivers, and trends, competitive landscape, CAGR of the global Methyltestosterone market, and global production. Under the global production chapter, the authors of the report have included market pricing and trends, global capacity, global production, and global revenue forecasts.

Methyltestosterone Market Size by Manufacturer: Here, the report concentrates on revenue and production shares of manufacturers for all the years of the forecast period. It also focuses on price by manufacturer and expansion plans and mergers and acquisitions of companies.

Production by Region: It shows how the revenue and production in the global market are distributed among different regions. Each regional market is extensively studied here on the basis of import and export, key players, revenue, and production.

About Us:

Market Research Intellect provides syndicated and customized research reports to clients from various industries and organizations with the aim of delivering functional expertise. We provide reports for all industries including Energy, Technology, Manufacturing and Construction, Chemicals and Materials, Food and Beverage and more. These reports deliver an in-depth study of the market with industry analysis, market value for regions and countries and trends that are pertinent to the industry.

Contact Us:

Mr. Steven Fernandes

Market Research Intellect

New Jersey ( USA )

Tel: +1-650-781-4080

Tags: Methyltestosterone Market Size, Methyltestosterone Market Growth, Methyltestosterone Market Forecast, Methyltestosterone Market Analysis

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Testosterone Cypionate Market Overview, Top Companies, Region, Application and Global Forecast by 2026 - Latest Herald

Hormones rise and muscles grow occurs during sleep. Lack of sleep or poor sleep quality can negatively impact the process of building new lean mass, also known as anabolism. Nutrition can help improve sleep as well as encourage muscle growth.

Stage 3 non-REM (NREM) is deep sleep marked by delta waves and relaxed muscles. It tends to start about 30 to 45 minutes after falling asleep. Blood flow increases, and growth hormone levels rise during this stage, helping to grow and repair tissues, including the muscles. During the November2019 inaugural conference of the Society for NeuroSports, Jonathon Mike, Ph.D., professor of exercise science and sports performance, Grand Canyon University, Phoenix, noted the final slow wave stage of NREM sleep is when muscle gains and performance benefits are developed. He called sleep the single most effective strategy for recovery from exercise.

Research on muscle growth and testosterone, naturally occurring or supplemental, has been mixed. Still, whether an athlete or consumer believes boosting testosterone will accelerate and amplify muscle growth, most would at least prefer to maintain and not reduce their normal testosterone stores. Thus, high quality, regular sleep is important.

Beyond hormonal consequences, inadequate sleep may also alter cytokines (signaling molecules) involved in skeletal muscle recovery following resistance or eccentric exercise.

Cheri D. Mah, researcher at the Stanford Sleep Disorders Clinic and Research Laboratory, California, and her team conducted a series of studies on sleep restriction in athletes. They found three days of sleep restriction in elite athletes decreased maximal jump performance and impaired both joint coordination and reaction time, all of which increase injury risk.9 On the other hand, sleep extension in athletes may improve cognitive and motor function, as their study of basketball players found adding a couple of hours of sleep each night improved reaction time, basketball skill performance and even mood.

To read this article in its entirety, check out the January 2020 digital magazine, Muscle quest: Developing products to promote lean mass.

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Gainzzzz: The science and nutrition of sleep and muscles - Natural Products INSIDER

Credit: Pixabay.

According to data from more than 20 countries, men are twice as likely as women to die of COVID-19. In some countries, such as Italy, 70% of deceased coronavirus patients are men. And its not just fatalities, men are also getting severely ill at a higher rate than women, suggesting that being male may be a risk factor in itself. Scientists are still not sure why this is the case but there are some clues, from lifestyle choices to testosterone exposure.

Researchers affiliated with Global Health 50/50, an academic research group, analyzed demographic data on COVID-19 deaths in various countries. Overall, they found that men are between 50% and 80% more likely to die from the coronavirus than women.

Data so far provides no clear pattern in terms of who is more likely to become infected with COVID-19. However, it shows that among confirmed cases, men are consistently dying at a higher rate across countries where data is available, the report reads.

For instance, in China, Spain, and Germany, men represent just under 65% of total coronavirus deaths. There was no country in over 20 included in the analysis where a higher share of women died because of the virus than men.

The CDC has yet to release coronavirus case breakdowns by sex in the US. However, we know that in New York City, there have been 43 COVID-19 deaths for every 100,000 men in the city, compared with 23 such deaths for every 100,000 women.

Im in the emergency room, and its remarkable Id estimate that 80 percent of the patients being brought in are men, Dr. Hani Sbitany, a reconstructive surgeon at Mount Sinai Health Systems who has been treating COVID-19 patients in Brooklyn, told The New York Times. Its four out of five patients.

What can explain this?

Scientists have known for a while that there are some sex differences in immune system function. However, there are also gender-specific risky behaviors (i.e. smoking, alcohol) and social norms that make it difficult to tease apart biology from environmental factors.

This is an important question to answer nevertheless. If there are indeed gender-specific immune responses to COVID-19, effective treatment might require differentiation between men and women.

Estrogen and testosterone might be responsible for important differences in how an individuals immune system responds to coronavirus infections.

Studies on mice show that estrogen supplements increase general immune responses, perhaps because immune cells have estrogen receptors. Another study on mice investigated the effects of the coronavirus that caused the 2003 SARS outbreak, finding that male rodents were more susceptible to the virus. When estrogen was blocked from binding to receptors in female mice, the females fell ill at higher rates.

Testosterone, the primary male sex hormone, seems to have a suppressive effect on the immune system. Studies show that when men have infections, their testosterone levels decrease. This may be due to the body trying to divert energy away from taxing actions such as muscle building, sexual appetite, and risk-taking behavior.

A 2014 analysis of the immune response to influenza vaccination found that men with high levels of testosterone produced the lowest number of antibodies.

These results demonstrate a strong association between androgens and genes involved in lipid metabolism, suggesting that these could be important drivers of the differences in immune responses between males and females, the authors of this study noted.

Most recently, research suggests that COVID-19 reduces testosterone levels in men by altering the function of the gonads, perhaps increasing disease severity in the process.

However, the role of testosterone becomes complicated once you consider age, which is a major risk factor for COVID-19 for both genders. As men age, their testosterone decreases, but they still get very sick with infections.

In order to really tell the role of testosterone in immune function, an investigation that analyzes both innate and adaptive immunity in a variety of men from different backgrounds would be required. Such an investigation doesnt exist yet.

There are of course behavioral differences between sexes. Smoking is much more prevalent in men than in women, which puts individuals at risk of developing lung cancer, as well as other chronic diseases. In China, 54% of adult men smoke compared to just 2.6% of Chinese women.

Men are also less likely to wash their hands as often as women and are less likely to seek care early when sick. Although there is no study yet to suggest this, men might also be more likely to not wear face masks or use them improperly.

Even before COVID-19, there were important differences in lifespan between men and women. About 57% of all those ages 65 and older are female and by age 85, 67% are women. The average lifespan is about 5 years longer for women than men in the U.S., and about 7 years longer worldwide.

Although the incidence of obesity and old age is generally higher among women, the case fatality rate among infected men with COVID-19 is still higher even when adjusting for these factors, further sowing confusion.

If men are truly more susceptible to coronavirus infections than women, male patients may require different and earlier interventions. During vaccine development, the nuances in male-female immune response would also require consideration.

There is still much to learn, thats for sure.

If men truly are more susceptible to coronavirus infections than women, male patients may require different and earlier interventions. During vaccine development, the nuances in male-female immune response would also require consideration.

There is still much to learn, thats for sure.

Its also worth noting that although there seem to be some sex-specific differences, virtually everyone is at a significant risk of developing very severe forms of COVID-19 men and women, young and old. As a result, everyone should practice great caution as the pandemic unfolds going forward.

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Many more men are dying from COVID-19 than women. Why is that? - ZME Science

SEATTLE, April 23, 2020 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- According to Coherent Market Insights, the global human immunoglobulin (pH4) for intravenous injection (COVID-19) market is estimated to be valued at US$ 43,205.8 million in 2020, and is expected to exhibit a CAGR of 12.7% during the forecast period (2020-2027).

Key Trends:

Key trends in the market include viral disease outbreaks, the increasing prevalence of chronic lymphocytic leukemia, and demand for immune globulin products in the market.

According to the American Cancer Society around 60,530 new cases of leukemia will be diagnosed in the U.S in 2020 out of which 21,040 new cases will be of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL).

Similarly, according to the Cancer Research UK, around 3,500 new cases of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) were diagnosed in the U.K in 2017.

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Moreover, the growing demand for immune globulin (IG) products is expected to drive the human immunoglobulin (ph4) for intravenous injection (COVID-19) market growth. For instance, on August 12, 2019, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) confirmed that demand for immune globulin products has increased in recent years and there is a shortage of Immune Globulin (Subcutaneous) (IGSC) and Immune Globulin (Intravenous) (IGIV) products in the U.S. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration is working closely with manufacturers such as Asceniv, Bivigam, Octagam, Panzyga, Privigen and others of various immune globulin (intravenous) (IGIV) products to help mitigate the supply situation for IG products.

Key Market Takeaways:

Key players operating in market are

Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Baxter International Inc., CSL Behring, Bayer AG, Grifols, S.A., Octapharma AG, Shanghai RAAS Blood Products Co., Ltd., Hualan Biological Engineering Inc., China Biologic Products, Inc., Sichuan Yuanda Shuyang Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Boya Bio-Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., ADMA Biologics, Inc., and Sinopharm Group Co., Ltd.

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Market Segmentation:

Related Topics:

HEALTHCARE CONTRACT RESEARCH OUTSOURCING MARKET

Healthcare Contract Research Outsourcing is conducted by pharmaceutical and medical device sectors for development of new drugs and medical devices. Clinical trials form the key part of pharmaceutical drug and medical device development and in the current scenario clinical trials are conducted across multiple locations in various geographies. Increasing cost and time required for drug development is expected to propel growth of the global healthcare contract research outsourcing market over the forecast period.

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ANDROGEN REPLACEMENT THERAPY MARKET

Androgen replacement therapy (ART), often referred to as testosterone replacement therapy (TRT), is a form of hormone therapy, in which androgens, often testosterone, are replaced. ART is often prescribed to counter the effects of male hypogonadism. It typically involves the administration of testosterone through injections, skin creams, patches, gels, or subcutaneous pellets. Testosterone replacement therapy is a promising technology for improving symptoms of hypogonadism and to raise the testosterone level.

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Global Human Immunoglobulin (pH4) for Intravenous Injection (COVID-19) Market to Surpass US$ 99,772.2 Million by 2027 - CMI - Yahoo Finance

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