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Complete study of the global Testosterone Cypionate market is carried out by the analysts in this report, taking into consideration key factors like drivers, challenges, recent trends, opportunities, advancements, and competitive landscape. This report offers a clear understanding of the present as well as future scenario of the global Testosterone Cypionate industry. Research techniques like PESTLE and Porters Five Forces analysis have been deployed by the researchers. They have also provided accurate data on Testosterone Cypionate production, capacity, price, cost, margin, and revenue to help the players gain a clear understanding into the overall existing and future market situation.

Key companies operating in the global Testosterone Cypionate market include _Pfizer, Cipla, Sun Pharmaceutical, Teva, Perrigo, Hikma Pharmaceuticals

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Segmental Analysis

The report has classified the global Testosterone Cypionate industry into segments including product type and application. Every segment is evaluated based on growth rate and share. Besides, the analysts have studied the potential regions that may prove rewarding for the Testosterone Cypionate manufcaturers in the coming years. The regional analysis includes reliable predictions on value and volume, thereby helping market players to gain deep insights into the overall Testosterone Cypionate industry.

Global Testosterone Cypionate Market Segment By Type:

, 200 mg/mL, 100 mg/mL

Global Testosterone Cypionate Market Segment By Application:

Primary hypogonadism, Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, Late-onset hypogonadism Global Testosterone Cypionate

Competitive Landscape

It is important for every market participant to be familiar with the competitive scenario in the global Testosterone Cypionate industry. In order to fulfil the requirements, the industry analysts have evaluated the strategic activities of the competitors to help the key players strengthen their foothold in the market and increase their competitiveness.

Key companies operating in the global Testosterone Cypionate market include _Pfizer, Cipla, Sun Pharmaceutical, Teva, Perrigo, Hikma Pharmaceuticals

Key questions answered in the report:

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TOC

Table of Contents 1 Testosterone Cypionate Market Overview1.1 Product Overview and Scope of Testosterone Cypionate1.2 Testosterone Cypionate Segment by Type1.2.1 Global Testosterone Cypionate Sales Growth Rate Comparison by Type (2021-2026)1.2.2 200 mg/mL1.2.3 100 mg/mL1.3 Testosterone Cypionate Segment by Application1.3.1 Testosterone Cypionate Sales Comparison by Application: 2020 VS 20261.3.2 Primary hypogonadism1.3.3 Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism1.3.4 Late-onset hypogonadism1.4 Global Testosterone Cypionate Market Size Estimates and Forecasts1.4.1 Global Testosterone Cypionate Revenue 2015-20261.4.2 Global Testosterone Cypionate Sales 2015-20261.4.3 Testosterone Cypionate Market Size by Region: 2020 Versus 2026 2 Global Testosterone Cypionate Market Competition by Manufacturers2.1 Global Testosterone Cypionate Sales Market Share by Manufacturers (2015-2020)2.2 Global Testosterone Cypionate Revenue Share by Manufacturers (2015-2020)2.3 Global Testosterone Cypionate Average Price by Manufacturers (2015-2020)2.4 Manufacturers Testosterone Cypionate Manufacturing Sites, Area Served, Product Type2.5 Testosterone Cypionate Market Competitive Situation and Trends2.5.1 Testosterone Cypionate Market Concentration Rate2.5.2 Global Top 5 and Top 10 Players Market Share by Revenue2.5.3 Market Share by Company Type (Tier 1, Tier 2 and Tier 3)2.6 Manufacturers Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion Plans2.7 Primary Interviews with Key Testosterone Cypionate Players (Opinion Leaders) 3 Testosterone Cypionate Retrospective Market Scenario by Region3.1 Global Testosterone Cypionate Retrospective Market Scenario in Sales by Region: 2015-20203.2 Global Testosterone Cypionate Retrospective Market Scenario in Revenue by Region: 2015-20203.3 North America Testosterone Cypionate Market Facts & Figures by Country3.3.1 North America Testosterone Cypionate Sales by Country3.3.2 North America Testosterone Cypionate Sales by Country3.3.3 U.S.3.3.4 Canada3.4 Europe Testosterone Cypionate Market Facts & Figures by Country3.4.1 Europe Testosterone Cypionate Sales by Country3.4.2 Europe Testosterone Cypionate Sales by Country3.4.3 Germany3.4.4 France3.4.5 U.K.3.4.6 Italy3.4.7 Russia3.5 Asia Pacific Testosterone Cypionate Market Facts & Figures by Region3.5.1 Asia Pacific Testosterone Cypionate Sales by Region3.5.2 Asia Pacific Testosterone Cypionate Sales by Region3.5.3 China3.5.4 Japan3.5.5 South Korea3.5.6 India3.5.7 Australia3.5.8 Taiwan3.5.9 Indonesia3.5.10 Thailand3.5.11 Malaysia3.5.12 Philippines3.5.13 Vietnam3.6 Latin America Testosterone Cypionate Market Facts & Figures by Country3.6.1 Latin America Testosterone Cypionate Sales by Country3.6.2 Latin America Testosterone Cypionate Sales by Country3.6.3 Mexico3.6.3 Brazil3.6.3 Argentina3.7 Middle East and Africa Testosterone Cypionate Market Facts & Figures by Country3.7.1 Middle East and Africa Testosterone Cypionate Sales by Country3.7.2 Middle East and Africa Testosterone Cypionate Sales by Country3.7.3 Turkey3.7.4 Saudi Arabia3.7.5 U.A.E 4 Global Testosterone Cypionate Historic Market Analysis by Type4.1 Global Testosterone Cypionate Sales Market Share by Type (2015-2020)4.2 Global Testosterone Cypionate Revenue Market Share by Type (2015-2020)4.3 Global Testosterone Cypionate Price Market Share by Type (2015-2020)4.4 Global Testosterone Cypionate Market Share by Price Tier (2015-2020): Low-End, Mid-Range and High-End 5 Global Testosterone Cypionate Historic Market Analysis by Application5.1 Global Testosterone Cypionate Sales Market Share by Application (2015-2020)5.2 Global Testosterone Cypionate Revenue Market Share by Application (2015-2020)5.3 Global Testosterone Cypionate Price by Application (2015-2020) 6 Company Profiles and Key Figures in Testosterone Cypionate Business6.1 Pfizer6.1.1 Corporation Information6.1.2 Pfizer Description, Business Overview and Total Revenue6.1.3 Pfizer Testosterone Cypionate Sales, Revenue and Gross Margin (2015-2020)6.1.4 Pfizer Products Offered6.1.5 Pfizer Recent Development6.2 Cipla6.2.1 Cipla Testosterone Cypionate Production Sites and Area Served6.2.2 Cipla Description, Business Overview and Total Revenue6.2.3 Cipla Testosterone Cypionate Sales, Revenue and Gross Margin (2015-2020)6.2.4 Cipla Products Offered6.2.5 Cipla Recent Development6.3 Sun Pharmaceutical6.3.1 Sun Pharmaceutical Testosterone Cypionate Production Sites and Area Served6.3.2 Sun Pharmaceutical Description, Business Overview and Total Revenue6.3.3 Sun Pharmaceutical Testosterone Cypionate Sales, Revenue and Gross Margin (2015-2020)6.3.4 Sun Pharmaceutical Products Offered6.3.5 Sun Pharmaceutical Recent Development6.4 Teva6.4.1 Teva Testosterone Cypionate Production Sites and Area Served6.4.2 Teva Description, Business Overview and Total Revenue6.4.3 Teva Testosterone Cypionate Sales, Revenue and Gross Margin (2015-2020)6.4.4 Teva Products Offered6.4.5 Teva Recent Development6.5 Perrigo6.5.1 Perrigo Testosterone Cypionate Production Sites and Area Served6.5.2 Perrigo Description, Business Overview and Total Revenue6.5.3 Perrigo Testosterone Cypionate Sales, Revenue and Gross Margin (2015-2020)6.5.4 Perrigo Products Offered6.5.5 Perrigo Recent Development6.6 Hikma Pharmaceuticals6.6.1 Hikma Pharmaceuticals Testosterone Cypionate Production Sites and Area Served6.6.2 Hikma Pharmaceuticals Description, Business Overview and Total Revenue6.6.3 Hikma Pharmaceuticals Testosterone Cypionate Sales, Revenue and Gross Margin (2015-2020)6.6.4 Hikma Pharmaceuticals Products Offered6.6.5 Hikma Pharmaceuticals Recent Development 7 Testosterone Cypionate Manufacturing Cost Analysis7.1 Testosterone Cypionate Key Raw Materials Analysis7.1.1 Key Raw Materials7.1.2 Key Raw Materials Price Trend7.1.3 Key Suppliers of Raw Materials7.2 Proportion of Manufacturing Cost Structure7.3 Manufacturing Process Analysis of Testosterone Cypionate7.4 Testosterone Cypionate Industrial Chain Analysis 8 Marketing Channel, Distributors and Customers8.1 Marketing Channel8.2 Testosterone Cypionate Distributors List8.3 Testosterone Cypionate Customers 9 Market Dynamics9.1 Market Trends9.2 Opportunities and Drivers9.3 Challenges9.4 Porters Five Forces Analysis 10 Global Market Forecast10.1 Global Testosterone Cypionate Market Estimates and Projections by Type10.1.1 Global Forecasted Sales of Testosterone Cypionate by Type (2021-2026)10.1.2 Global Forecasted Revenue of Testosterone Cypionate by Type (2021-2026)10.2 Testosterone Cypionate Market Estimates and Projections by Application10.2.1 Global Forecasted Sales of Testosterone Cypionate by Application (2021-2026)10.2.2 Global Forecasted Revenue of Testosterone Cypionate by Application (2021-2026)10.3 Testosterone Cypionate Market Estimates and Projections by Region10.3.1 Global Forecasted Sales of Testosterone Cypionate by Region (2021-2026)10.3.2 Global Forecasted Revenue of Testosterone Cypionate by Region (2021-2026)10.4 North America Testosterone Cypionate Estimates and Projections (2021-2026)10.5 Europe Testosterone Cypionate Estimates and Projections (2021-2026)10.6 Asia Pacific Testosterone Cypionate Estimates and Projections (2021-2026)10.7 Latin America Testosterone Cypionate Estimates and Projections (2021-2026)10.8 Middle East and Africa Testosterone Cypionate Estimates and Projections (2021-2026) 11 Research Finding and Conclusion 12 Methodology and Data Source12.1 Methodology/Research Approach12.1.1 Research Programs/Design12.1.2 Market Size Estimation12.1.3 Market Breakdown and Data Triangulation12.2 Data Source12.2.1 Secondary Sources12.2.2 Primary Sources12.3 Author List12.4 Disclaimer*

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Testosterone Cypionate Market Size, Key Trends, Challenges and Standardization, Research, Key Players, Economic Impact and Forecast to 2026|Pfizer,...

New Jersey, United States:The new report has been added by Market Research Intellect to provide a detailed overview of the Testosterone Replacement Therapy Market. The study will help to better understand the Testosterone Replacement Therapy industry competitors, the sales channel, Testosterone Replacement Therapy growth potential, potentially disruptive trends, Testosterone Replacement Therapy industry product innovations and the value / volume of size market (regional / national level, Testosterone Replacement Therapy- Industrial segments), market share of the best actors / products.

Information has been added to the report to provide a realistic view of the industry based on data from Testosterone Replacement Therapy manufacturers, i.e. H. Shipping, price, sales, gross profit, business distribution, etc., SWOT analysis, consumer preference, current developments and trends, drivers and limiting factors, company profile, investment opportunities, analysis of the demand gap, market size value / volume, services and products, Porters five models , socio-economic factors, official regulations in the Testosterone Replacement Therapy branch. Market participants can use the report to take a look at the future of the Testosterone Replacement Therapy market and make significant changes to their operating style and marketing tactics in order to achieve sustainable growth.

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The report examines the competitive environment scenario observed with key players in Testosterone Replacement Therapy sales, the profile of their business, their earnings, their sales, their business tactics, and the forecasting situations of the Testosterone Replacement Therapy sales industry. According to studies, the Testosterone Replacement Therapy sales market is very competitive and diverse due to global and local suppliers.

The Testosterone Replacement Therapy Sales Market Report mainly contains the following Manufacturers:

Market Competition

The competitive landscape of the Testosterone Replacement Therapy market is examined in detail in the report, with a focus on the latest developments, the future plans of the main players and the most important growth strategies that they have adopted. The analysts who compiled the report have created a portrait of almost all of the major players in the Testosterone Replacement Therapy market, highlighting their key commercial aspects such as production, areas of activity and product portfolio. All companies analyzed in the report are examined on the basis of important factors such as market share, market growth, company size, production, sales and earnings.

Report Highlights

Assessment of sales channels

innovation trends

sustainability strategies

Niche market trends

Market entry analysis

market size and forecast

The geographic department provides data that give you an overview of the turnover of companies and sales figures for the growth activity Testosterone Replacement Therapy for electrical meters. Here are the strengths of the geographic divisions: North America (United States, Canada and Mexico), Europe (Germany, Spain, France, Great Britain, Russia and Italy and more), Asia-Pacific (China, Japan, Korea, India and Southeast Asia) and more ), South America (Brazil, Argentina, Colombia), the Middle East and Africa (Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, Egypt, Nigeria and South Africa) and ROW.

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Table of Content

1 Introduction of Testosterone Replacement Therapy Market1.1 Overview of the Market1.2 Scope of Report1.3 Assumptions

2 Executive Summary

3 Research Methodology3.1 Data Mining3.2 Validation3.3 Primary Interviews3.4 List of Data Sources

4 Testosterone Replacement Therapy Market Outlook4.1 Overview4.2 Market Dynamics4.2.1 Drivers4.2.2 Restraints4.2.3 Opportunities4.3 Porters Five Force Model4.4 Value Chain Analysis

5 Testosterone Replacement Therapy Market, By Deployment Model5.1 Overview

6 Testosterone Replacement Therapy Market, By Solution6.1 Overview

7 Testosterone Replacement Therapy Market, By Vertical7.1 Overview

8 Testosterone Replacement Therapy Market, By Geography8.1 Overview8.2 North America8.2.1 U.S.8.2.2 Canada8.2.3 Mexico8.3 Europe8.3.1 Germany8.3.2 U.K.8.3.3 France8.3.4 Rest of Europe8.4 Asia Pacific8.4.1 China8.4.2 Japan8.4.3 India8.4.4 Rest of Asia Pacific8.5 Rest of the World8.5.1 Latin America8.5.2 Middle East

9 Testosterone Replacement Therapy Market Competitive Landscape9.1 Overview9.2 Company Market Ranking9.3 Key Development Strategies

10 Company Profiles10.1.1 Overview10.1.2 Financial Performance10.1.3 Product Outlook10.1.4 Key Developments

11 Appendix11.1 Related Research

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Tags: Testosterone Replacement Therapy Market Size, Testosterone Replacement Therapy Market Growth, Testosterone Replacement Therapy Market Forecast, Testosterone Replacement Therapy Market Analysis, Testosterone Replacement Therapy Market Trends, Testosterone Replacement Therapy Market

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Testosterone Replacement Therapy Market Growth Analysis, Top Manufacturers, Shares, Growth Opportunities and Forecast to 2026 - Germany English News

As the COVID-19 pandemic unfolds, doctors are confronting the stark reality that the virus doesnt seem to kill equally. From the data available so far, weve learned that men are at a far higher risk of dying from the novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, than are women.

In both Michigan and Washington state, for example, data on reported cases show more women than men have contracted the coronavirus. But men make up more than half of the deaths in both states. In New York, men have both contracted and died from the coronavirus at higher rates.

The differences in mortality are often put down to men behaving more riskily. But theres another explanation for womens immunological advantage. According to Sharon Moalem, a physician and author, women have an inherent advantage when it comes to diseases because of their two X chromosomes.

Men have an XY chromosome pairing, and it means they miss out on extra copies of some genes that could make a difference when it comes to fighting infectious diseases like that caused by the coronavirus. Hormones play a role as well: Testosterone can inhibit the immune system, while estrogen can stimulate it.

Moalem explores the topic in his book The Better Half: On the Genetic Superiority of Women. He talked with Discover recently about why women have a genetic advantage, and what that means during a pandemic like COVID-19.

Q: What advantages do women get from their two X chromosomes?

A: Having two X chromosomes was not appreciated for many years. It was always thought women simply had a backup; a spare tire. If they lacked a specific gene for color vision on the X chromosome, it was OK because they always had another X chromosome they could draw on.

But its not just that women have this extra X chromosome and its a redundancy they can swap in as they need. Females really are made of two populations of cells. Every organ and every system around the body is predominantly using one X chromosome over the other.

Many of the genes on the X chromosome have to do with making and maintaining the brain and making and maintaining the immune system. So having two populations of cells where one is predominantly using one X chromosome over the other that can interact and cooperate is an immense advantage when youre faced with unforeseen challenges in life, such as famine and pandemics.

And there are other genes on the X chromosome that are also involved in the immune system to allow it to be better at killing viruses. Two populations of cells working together is an immense advantage when I can only marshal up the same identical X chromosome in all of my cells.

Q: What are the implications of womens genetic superiority for the current coronavirus pandemic?

A: A simplified way of thinking about that is this: A specific gene on the X chromosome, TLR-7, is often used to recognize single-stranded RNA viruses like the novel coronavirus. Having two versions gives them an advantage in recognizing the virus.

Additionally, we think that COVID-19 uses its spike protein to enter cells in the body. They do that by unlocking the ACE2 protein on the surface of the cell. And, as it turns out, the ACE2 gene is on the X chromosome. Which means all of mens cells are using that same [version of the] ACE2 gene. So if they unfortunately encounter a strain of COVID-19 that has a spike protein that can perfectly unlock their ACE2 and enter their cells, men are in big trouble quickly.

On the other hand, in females cells, 50 percent are going to be using likely a slightly different version of the ACE2 than other cells. Its much more difficult for a strain of corona to have a spike protein that could equally infect both populations of cells.

Q: Are there any disadvantages to having two X chromosomes?

A: The one cost women need to bear, and it is a serious one, is a much higher risk for autoimmune diseases. For lupus, for example, its seven to nine women for every man that is affected.

Their immune system is so much more aggressive and is made up of two populations of cells, so that predisposes women to have their immune cells turn against the body.

Q: Dont some of the differences in COVID-19 mortality rates for men simply come down to behavior?

A: What I found to be intellectually lazy was a rush to blame the increased male mortality rate on behavior. Of course, proper hand washing has big implications for disease acquisition prevention, but to say thats why more men are ending up in the ICU and dying didnt really cut it for me. But thats the first thing people rushed to for an explanation.

And then we heard about smoking, tobacco use, alcohol and other factors. Which play an immense role in disease outcomes, dont get me wrong. But what Im talking about is so fundamental, starts so early in life and is the same throughout the life course.

Q: Given that women might have an immunological genetic advantage, how should this change the way we fight the coronavirus?

The realization is that we should be taking care of our male elders because theyre so much more fragile. If we were just blaming people for behavior, thats not going to make a big difference when it comes to health outcomes if in fact it just comes down to the fact that males are more fragile. So we really need to be putting efforts into either quarantining them for longer or making sure theyre not with younger family members that might be infecting them.

It would be great for us to tease out the ways in which females have immunological superiority and see can we then apply that and get male immune cells to behave in the same way.

Read more from the original source:
The Reason More Men Die From COVID-19 May Lie in Their Chromosomes - Discover Magazine

Inheritance of the adrenal-permissive HSD3B1 genotype in men with low-volume metastatic castration-sensitive prostate cancer (mCSPC) is associated with development of earlier castration-resistant disease and shorter overall survival, according to a new study.

Thegenotype augments extragonadal dihydrotestosterone synthesis, and previousresearch has suggested an association between the adrenal-permissive allele andearly development of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), investigatorsinvolved in the new study noted in a paper published in JAMA Oncology.

Thenew findings may enable clinicians to identify patients more likely to benefitfrom escalated androgen receptor axis inhibition beyond gonadal testosterone suppression,a team led by Nima Sharifi, MD, of Cleveland Clinic, concluded.

DrSharifi and colleagues analyzed the association between HSD3B1 (1245A) allele and early development of CRPC usingprospective data from CHAARTED (E3805 Chemohormonal Therapy vs AndrogenAblation Randomized Trial for Extensive Disease in Prostate Cancer), amulticenter phase 3 trial of androgen deprivation therapy with or withoutdocetaxel therapy in men with newly diagnosed mCSPC. Of 790 men randomized inthe trial, 527 had available DNA samples. Dr Sharifis team retrospectivelydetermined the HSD3B1 germlinegenotype in 475 white men (in whom the frequency of the adrenal-permissiveallele is highest) and analyzed clinical outcomes by genotype.

Ofthe 475 men, 270 (56.8%) inherited the adrenal-permissive genotype allele,whereas 205 had the adrenal-restrictive genotype, which limits extragonadaldihydrotestosterone synthesis. Among men with low-volume disease, theproportion of patients without CRPC at 2 years was significantly smaller amongthose with the adrenal-permissive than adrenal-restrictive genotype (51% vs70.5%), Dr Sharifis team reported. The overall survival rate at 5 years also wassignificantly worse in the group with the adrenal-permissive genotype (57.5% vs70.8%).

Comparedwith the adrenal-restrictive genotype, the adrenal-permissive genotype wassignificantly associated with a nearly 1.9-fold increased risk of CRPC and1.7-fold increased risk of death. The investigators found no associated betweengenotype and outcomes among men with high-volume disease.

Takentogether, our findings suggest that the HSD3B1genotype can be used to risk stratify white men with low-volume metastaticprostate cancer, Dr Sharifis team concluded. Those with the adrenal-permissivegenotype have a worse prognosis inasmuch as they develop CRPC sooner and haveshorter overall survival than men with the adrenal-restrictive genotype. Thisinformation could assist clinicians in counseling patients and guideresearchers in identifying those for whom escalated androgen receptor axisinhibition beyond mere gonadal testosterone suppression is most warranted.

Reference

HearnJWD, Sweeney CJ, Almassi N, et al. HSD3B1genotype and clinical outcomes in metastatic castration-sensitive prostate cancer.JAMA Oncol. 2020;6(4):e196496.doi:10.1001/jamaoncol.2019.6496

Originally posted here:
Risk of Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer Linked to a Genotype - Renal and Urology News

We place unreasonable trust in biological explanations of male behavior. Nowhere is this truer than with testosterone. Contemporary pundits invoke the hormone nicknamed "T" to prove points about maleness and masculinity, to show how different men and women are, and to explain why some men (presumably those with more T) have greater libidos. Yet, despite the mythic properties popularly associated with T, in every rigorous scientific study to date there is no significant correlation in healthy men between levels of T and sexual desire.

Beginning in the 1990s and really picking up steam in the 2000s, sales of testosterone replacement therapies (TRTs) went from practically zero to over $5 billion annually in 2018. This was either because there was a sudden outbreak of "Low T" when a major medical epidemic was finally recognized, or because T became marketed as a wonder drug for men thrown into a panic when they learned that their T levels declined 1 percent annually after they hit 30.

The answer is not that men's bodies changed or that Low T was horribly underdiagnosed before but that, in the minds of many, T became nothing short of a magic male molecule that could cure men of declining energy and sexual desire as they aged.

What's more, many have been taught that, if you want to know what causes some men to be aggressive, you just test their T levels, right? Actually, wrong: the science doesn't support this conclusion either. Some of the famous early studies linking T and aggression were conducted on prison populations and were used effectively to "prove" that higher levels of T were found in some men (read: darker-skinned men), which explained why they were more violent, which explained why they had to be imprisoned in disproportionate numbers. The methodological flaws in these studies took decades to unravel, and new rigorous research showing little relation between T and aggression (except at very high or very low levels) is just now reaching the general public.

What's more, it turns out that T is not just one thing (a sex hormone) with one purpose (male reproduction). T is also essential in the development of embryos, muscles, female as well as male brains, and red blood cells. Depending on a range of biological, environmental, and social factors, its influence is varied or negligible.

Robert Sapolsky, a neuroscientist at Stanford University in California, compiled a table showing that there were only 24 scientific articles on T and aggression in 1970-80, but there were more than 1,000 in the decade of the 2010s. New discoveries about aggression and T? No, actually, although there were new findings in this period showing the importance of T in promoting ovulation. There is also a difference between correlation and cause (T levels and aggression, for example, provide a classic chicken-egg challenge). As leading experts on hormones have shown us for years, for the vast majority of men, it's impossible to predict who will be aggressive based on their T level, just as if you find an aggressive man (or woman, for that matter), you can't predict their T level.

Testosterone is a molecule that was mislabeled almost 100 years ago as a "sex hormone", because (some things never change) scientists were looking for definitive biological differences between men and women, and T was supposed to unlock the mysteries of innate masculinity. T is important for men's brains, biceps and that other word for testicles, and it is essential to female bodies. And, for the record, (T level) size doesn't necessarily mean anything: sometimes, the mere presence of T is more important than the quantity of the hormone. Sort of like starting a car, you just need fuel, whether it's two gallons or 200. T doesn't always create differences between men and women, or between men. To top it all off, there is even evidence that men who report changes after taking T supplements are just as likely reporting placebo effects as anything else.

Still, we continue to imbue T with supernatural powers. In 2018, a U.S. Supreme Court seat hung in the balance. The issues at the confirmation hearings came to focus on male sexual violence against women. Thorough description and analysis were needed. Writers pro and con casually dropped in the T-word to describe, denounce, or defend the past behavior of Justice Brett Kavanaugh: one commentator in Forbes wrote about "testosterone-induced gang rapes"; another, interviewed on CNN, asked: "But we're talking about a 17-year-old boy in high school with testosterone running high. Tell me, what boy hasn't done this in high school?"; and a third, in a column in The New York Times, wrote: "That's him riding a wave of testosterone and booze"

And it is unlikely that many readers questioned the hormonal logic of Christine Lagarde, then chair of the International Monetary Fund, when she asserted that the economic collapse in 2008 was due in part to too many males in charge of the financial sector: "I honestly think that there should never be too much testosterone in one room."

You can find T employed as a biomarker to explain (and sometimes excuse) male behavior in articles and speeches every day. Poetic license, one might say. Just a punchy way to talk about leaving males in charge. Yet when we raise T as significant in any way to explain male behavior, we can inadvertently excuse male behavior as somehow beyond the ability of actual men to control. Casual appeals to biological masculinity imply that patriarchal relationships are rooted in nature.

When we normalize the idea that T runs through all high-school boys, and that this explains why rape occurs, we have crossed from euphemism to offering men impunity to sexually assault women by offering them the defense "not guilty, by reason of hormones."

Invoking men's biology to explain their behavior too often ends up absolving their actions. When we bandy about terms such as T or Y chromosomes, it helps to spread the idea that men are controlled by their bodies. Thinking that hormones and genes can explain why boys will be boys lets men off the hook for all manner of sins. If you believe that T says something meaningful about how men act and think, you're fooling yourself. Men behave the way they do because culture allows it, not because biology requires it.

No one could seriously argue that biology is solely responsible for determining what it means to be a man. But words such as testosterone and Y chromosomes slip into our descriptions of men's activities, as if they explain more than they actually do. T doesn't govern men's aggression and sexuality. And it's a shame we don't hear as much about the research showing that higher levels of T in men just as easily correlate with generosity as with aggression. But generosity is less a stereotypically male virtue, and this would spoil the story about men's inherent aggressiveness, especially manly men's aggressiveness. And this has a profound impact on what men and women think about men's natural inclinations.

We need to keep talking about toxic masculinity and the patriarchy. They're real and they're pernicious. And we also need new ways of talking about men, maleness, and masculinity that get us out of the trap of thinking that men's biology is their destiny. As it turns out, when we sift through the placebo effects and biobabble, T is not a magic male molecule at all but rather as the researchers Rebecca Jordan-Young and Katrina Karkazis argue in their book Testosterone a social molecule.

Regardless of what you call it, testosterone is too often used as an excuse for letting men off the hook and justifying male privilege.

This article was originally published by Aeon, a digital magazine for ideas and culture. Follow them on Twitter at @aeonmag.

Go here to see the original:
The testosterone myth - The Week Magazine

The human body produces this hormone on a small to large scale. Both male and female bodies produce Testosterone, however, it is a core hormone in the male body. A mans appearance, sexual development, sperm production, and sexual drive is due to Testosterone. Muscle mass in the body is influenced by this hormone.

Level of Testosterone in the body is meant to go down as the person ages, however, there are a few natural ways to boost these levels. These ways or lifestyle changes are safe and better (in the long run) than consuming testosterone boosting supplements.

Due to the recent craze of having a well-toned body and muscles, many men and women are taking these supplements. If taken under experts observation they might give you the results, however, it might be harmful if the on-off cycle goes wrong.

How low Testosterone levels can affect your body?

Here is how to boost testosterone naturally:

1. Lack of Sleep

Not getting enough sleep (regularly) and compromising sleeping hours (especially at night) can affect the human body tremendously. Lack of energy, low apatite, are a couple of disheartening results of lack of sleep. However, one more thing which might get impacted due to not having the required amount of rest/sleep is the healthy levels of Testosterone in the body.

A study conducted by the University of Chicago concluded that not getting enough sleep can lead to reduced testosterone levels.

The study found out that with only one week of limited sleep hours, testosterone level (during day time) came down by 15%. On the other hand, if the level is going down due to natural aging, the percentage is hardly 1-2% a year.

Hence, one has to get enough sleep of around 6-8 hours to give the body the required rest and maintain the healthy hormone levels.

2. Follow a Balanced Diet

Diet, daily food consumption habits of a person affects his body on a large scale. The basic well-being and body functioning largely depend on food habits. Eating well boosts Testosterone levels and vice versa. Journal of Neuroinflammation published one report showing that a combination of low testosterone levels and body overweight can lead to inflammatory conditions and may hamper neurological functions of the body.

Those who are on-off about their food habits expose their body to the risk of uneven hormone levels. One is recommended to consume a wholesome meal that is full of proteins, fats, healthy carbs, and micronutrients. A balanced diet not only boosts hormones levels in the body but facilitates long-term health too.

3.Lose Extra Weight

Just like low Testosterone can cause weight gain; having extra weight on the body can lead to low levels of Testosterone too. This is a cyclical, cause-effect process. As Testosterone is the core hormone in the mens body which facilitates enough muscle mass, one has to create the complementing environment in the body for Testosterone to grow.

In other words, if you are leading an active life, the Testosterone levels in your body can grow naturally. European Journal of Applied Physiology published one study stating that the more active men are, the more testosterone they will be able to maintain.

However, it is recommended to get involved in physical activities such as sports, gyming, etc under expert guidance, as overdoing anything is always hazardous.

4. Reduce Stress levels

Lifestyle of most of the people in todays world is stressful and it hardly leaves anytime aside for one to rest. However, one has to find a way to deal with stress levels. High-stress levels can not only affect the brain, and other body function, but also impacts Testosterone levels.

High stress releases a hormone called cortisol. This hormone manages a variety of body functions like metabolism and also hamper levels of Testosterone in the body.

Apart from the four ways mentioned above, you can also follow the below-given practices to boost Testosterone levels without any supplements.

Conclusion:Religiously follow the above-given ways to boost Testosterone levels, rather than consuming harmful supplements or drugs.

Read more:
How to Boost Testosterone levels Naturally? Here are a few ways - HungryForever.com

When Jeff Bezos, the Amazon kingpin, debuted his new muscular physique at the Sun Valley Conference in 2017, he almost broke the internet. His Vin Dieselesque guns launched countless memes about how the dweebs dweeb had transformed himself into a jacked-up specimen worthy of an action franchise.

In interviews Bezos credits his diet (which includes roast iguana and octopus for breakfast), his unwavering commitment to working out, and eight hours of sleep. But not everyone is buying it.

Clean livingthats the catchphrase, isnt it? quips Patricia Wexler, the ne plus ultra of Manhattan dermatologists. Very few admit to doing any procedures.

Not a chance its just diet and exercise, says Roberta Del Campo, a dermatologist based in Miami, the countrys plastic surgery capital. Behind the scenes these people are getting all sorts of injectables and body sculpting treatments, such as Emsculpt and Trusculpt Flex, which have surged in popularity, especially among men, in the last couple of years.

Drew AngererGetty Images

Other experts suspect that captains of industry such as Bezos, who is 56, are going to even greater lengths to project vigor for both boards and broads. The tech titans are all looking much better than they used to, says Jessie Cheung, a Chicago-based cosmetic dermatologist whose holistic approach often involves testosterone and growth hormone substitutes, especially for men of a certain age who are lacking in muscle and look frail.

Access to bio-hacking tools such as stem cells and hormones is allowing men to look, perform, and think better. Its worth noting that Bezos, along with fellow billionaire Peter Thiel, invested in Unity Biotechnology, a company researching drugs and treatments to keep aging at bay. Im pretty sure hes gotten a taste of some good stuff, Cheung says.

Welcome to the new male vanity, in which even Silicon Valley bigwigs considerably younger than Bezos are resorting to newfangled procedures to avoid aging out of the workforce. The stakes have never been higher. American men underwent 1.1 million noninvasive cosmetic procedures in 2018a 72 percent increase since 2000, a trend that shows no signs of abating. In its forecast for 2020, the American Society for Aesthetic Plastic Surgery predicts the continued rise of the Daddy-Do-Over, the male equivalent of the Mommy Makeover, as men look to boost their confidence and improve their physical appearance.

Its a lesson in maintenance the men in the presidential race would do well to learn. In the not so distant past politicians could dismiss reporters questions about whether theyd had a face-lift, as Arnold Schwarzenegger did during his 2003 run for governor of California, when he joked that they must be confusing him with Cher. Now pols and pundits of every party are being grilled as mercilessly about their appearance as about their Medicare plans.

"Unfortunately for Biden, you can see the work thats been done," says one NYC dermatologist.

Joe Bidens forehead and Donald Trumps hair flap and skin color are dissected with the rigor of Kremlinologists (some of them actually are Kremlinologists, in Trumps case). And with good reason: If Hillary Clintons wrinkles, Elizabeth Warrens glasses, and Amy Klobuchars eyebrows are fair game, why not the nipped and tucked peacocks strutting around on Capitol Hill?

Denials about the scars on the side of Bidens face are, according to the experts, malarkey. Unfortunately for Biden, who has obviously had hair transplants and Botox, among other things, you can see the work thats been done, says Wexler. Nobody should be talking about work. When you have work done, the last thing you want is for people to notice it.

The queen of Fraxels laser focus on male primping is not partisan. Mr. Trump has definitely had workand not great work, at that, she adds. Give him his crumb, though: He wasnt bad looking when he was younger and in better shape.

Trumps penchant for cosmetic adjustments has been an open if much denied secret since at least 1991, when Ivana Trump disclosed his scalp reduction surgery and chin and waist liposuction in their divorce papers. In February the world was served a fresh reminder, when the president was photographed, in an image that quickly went viral, stepping out of Marine One with a windswept rug and a fake tan for the history books.

At tony dermatologist practices from coast to coast, man-tans like Trumps and obvious old-school work like the kind favored by Vladimir Putin is frowned uponif anyone can move any facial muscles at all. Instead, next-gen lasers such as NeoSkin by Aerolase, IBeam, and Nd:YAG are used to eliminate redness and discoloration.

Instead of surgical face-lifts, which, to be fair, remain popular in certain parts of the country (I definitely see them more on the West Coast, Wexler says, where its been around longer and is more accepted), men of means are turning to noninvasive procedures, most notably Ultherapy, a relatively painless FDA-cleared ultrasound treatment that requires no downtime.

Edward George/Alamy Stock Photo

For the ultimate injection of masculine vigor, though, Cheung works with membersand not necessarily of Congress. We make penises bigger and better, she says. Self-confidence for men is tied up with their penises and how well they work. We give them their swagger back.

Men looking for an extra glide in their stride are considering the augmented Priapus Shot, or P-shot, Cheung says, a treatment thats the male equivalent of the O-shot. She is also increasingly recommending a machine called Emsella, better known as the Orgasm Throne, which generates approximately 11,000 Kegel contractions in 30 minutes (it was originally developed for female incontinence). It really gives you an invigorating kick in the pants, Cheung says.

If the recent past is anything to go by, theres no guarantee that the candidates who end up squaring off in November will provide anything resembling accurate medical recordswhich is a shame, as they would make interesting reading. Like Bezos and less heralded moguls across the country, they are unlikely to reveal any touch-ups to anyone but their best pals.

Men will come in and ask for something their friend has had done, Wexler says. But you wont hear anyone on Jimmy Fallon saying, Im so tired: I was at the dermatologist all day.

This story appears in the May 2020 issue of Town & Country.

Read the original here:
Jeff Bezos and the New Face of Male Vanity - TownandCountrymag.com

As the coronavirus sweeps across the globe, one pattern remains consistent: Men seem harder hit by the virus than women and are more likely to have severe illness or die.

At least in the United States, however, it seems that men are less likely to seek out testing for the virus when they feel sick.

"This is to all of our men out there, no matter what age group: If you have symptoms, you should be tested and make sure that you are tested," Dr. Deborah Birx, the White House's coronavirus response coordinator, said on Thursday.

Data from around 1.5 million tests done in the U.S. show that the majority of people tested, 56%, were women. Of those women, 16% tested positive for the virus. In contrast, only 44% of the tests were done on men. And 23% of them tested positive.

"It gives you an idea about how men often don't present in the health-care delivery system until they have greater symptomatology," said Birx that is, until they're showing more signs of disease.

That's a concern because experts believe this virus poses more dangers for men, perhaps because of biological differences between men and women.

Sabra Klein, a researcher at the Johns Hopkins Center for Women's Health, Sex, and Gender Differences, began noticing hints of a sex difference in COVID-19 infections back in February as reports began to emerge from China. She knew that an increased risk to men has been observed for other severe coronaviruses that have appeared in the past.

"What I was seeing was a pattern that held true in the SARS outbreak that occurred in Hong Kong," she says, "as well as the ongoing MERS outbreak in the Middle East."

One large study of 44,672 confirmed COVID-19 cases done by the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, for example, found that the fatality rate was 2.8% for men compared with only 1.7% for women.

While some initially suggested that the much higher rate of cigarette smoking among men in China might be to blame, Klein doubts that explanation.

"What we saw in Wuhan has been replicated in every country around the world where we have accurate reporting," says Klein. "In countries like Spain, where the percentages of males and females who report smoking is not significantly different, we still are seeing this profound male bias in severity of COVID-19."

In Italy, one study of 1,591 cases of critically ill people who were admitted into intensive care units showed that about 82% of them were men.

And a study of people hospitalized in the U.S. for COVID-19 in March similarly found that "males may be disproportionately affected by COVID-19 compared with females."

Public health information from the city of New York, which has one of the world's largest outbreaks, shows that men are more likely to be hospitalized and are nearly twice as likely to die. The city's department of health reports about 39 female deaths per 100,000 people and 71 male deaths per 100,000 people.

Scientists know that, in general, women tend to have greater and more robust immune responses. This can be a double-edged sword; autoimmune diseases are more common in women. But it may mean that women are more protected against novel invading germs.

"My hypothesis would be, maybe females are actually mounting an initial immune response to a greater degree than our male counterparts," says Klein, who has just been awarded funding from the National Institutes of Health to study the biological differences between men and women who are infected with COVID-19.

Studies of HIV and hepatitis C show that women can have a stronger immune reaction to viruses. "There are examples. There are not a lot. And I think part of that is because this has been a grossly understudied area," says Klein.

Women have often been excluded from biomedical research, she explains. Historically, that was meant to protect women of childbearing age who might be pregnant, but over time it became scientific dogma that men and women's bodies, other than their reproductive systems, basically weren't that different.

But sex hormones like testosterone and estrogen seem to be important in modulating the immune response, says Veena Taneja of the Mayo Clinic, who studies differences in male and female immune systems.

What's more, she says, women also have two copies of the X chromosome, while men have only one.

"The X chromosome has lots of immune-response genes," Taneja says.

While women's extra X chromosome is generally silenced, she says, "almost around 10% of those genes, they can be activated. Many of those genes are actually immune-response genes."

That makes it possible, she says, that women get a "double-dose" of protection although it's still too soon to know exactly how all this might play out in the context of COVID-19.

What is clear, however, is that being male may be a risk factor just like other traits that might make one more vulnerable for example, being older or having certain medical conditions like asthma or heart disease.

All of this may be why Birx felt compelled to deliver a special message to men during her daily briefing at the White House, saying, "I see a lot of men in the audience today. I just want to remind them about the importance of health care."

Visit link:
The New Coronavirus Appears To Take A Greater Toll On Men Than On Women - KALW

BOWLING GREEN, Ky. Warren Circuit Court Judge Steve Wilson sentenced a Bowling Green teen to six years in prison for the 2018 shooting death of his friend.

Ricardo Americo Montelongo, 18, and his friend Abdul Jalal Hadi were visiting another friend on Moonlite Avenue the night of Dec. 16, 2018 when Montelongo was handling a gun that resulted in Hadi getting shot in the head, according to police records.

Montelongo was a juvenile at the time of the incident but was transferred to circuit court where he was prosecuted as an adult, court records show.

A Warren County grand jury indicted him in 2019 on one charge each of second-degree manslaughter and tampering with physical evidence. On Jan. 24, he pleaded guilty to the manslaughter charge. The evidence tampering charge was dismissed. He was sentenced Tuesday.

On the night of the incident, Ricardo was literally playing around with a revolver, something with which he had little familiarity. Almost jokingly, he pointed it at his best friend and pulled the trigger. The gun discharged, fatally wounding his friend, Montelongos attorney Alan Simpson wrote in a motion for probation.

This case, like many, is one that was fueled by immaturity and testosterone, and no ill will or evil motive, Simpson wrote.

Read more from the original source:
Teen receives 6 years in shooting death of his friend - wnky.com

LANCASTER, Pa. There is no question that the Emge brothers are a football family. Father, Mike Emge, works in the football industry and his oldest son, Tyler, was a two time All-PSAC linebacker for Shippensburg University. Former Manheim Township quarterback Luke Emge is about to enter his third year at Harvard and will compete for the starting job. Twin brothers Sam and Josh are about to wrap up their high school days and then it is off to Shippensburg to, you guessed it, play football.

Right now, due to the coronavirus all the brothers are at home. That is a lot of testosterone under one roof. It is also a lot of motivation in the form of sibling rivalries and that is just what is needed for the Emge brothers to make sure they get better every day.

Check out the story in the video above.

Read more:
Emge brothers drive each other to success - FOX43.com

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