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Peter Andrews is an Irish science journalist and writer, based in London. He has a background in the life sciences, and graduated from the University of Glasgow with a degree in Genetics.

Pollution, sedentary lifestyles, soy and even social feminization have been blamed for a deepening testosterone crisis. But finding the answer fast is important the future of Americas population literally depends on it.

Testosterone truly is the male hormone. It is what turns boys into menupon puberty the testes drastically upregulate their production of it, triggering secondary sexual characteristics. These include the growth of muscle and bone, a deeper voice and the sprouting of body hair. Without testosterone, one suspects there would be a lot of noodle-armed, squeaky-voiced man-babies stalking the streets, perhaps in the vein of a Michael Jackson (rumoured to have been on hormone-blockers since childhood) or even a young Jeff Bezos (until he allegedly started pumping himself full of replacement testosterone).

But a new study published this month in the Journal of Sexual Medicine has found that testosterone is in crisis, at least when it comes to American Millennials and Gen Z-ers. Mens testosterone is supposed to decline naturally with age, but this study, which was presented last October to the Sexual Medicine Society of North America, showed a shocking decline in the levels of cohorts of young American men throughout since 1999. The authors tested the serum testosterone (total amount of testosterone present in the blood) of 4,045 men aged between 15 and 39making sure to control for confounding factors such as age, race, and level of physical activityand still the results were unmistakable. In fact, they have been slashed by over one-quarter in the last two decades.

This is hardly surprising news. Data showing how sperm counts have fallen has been widely reported in recent years. Since the testes produce both testosterone and sperm cells, it is probable that the causes overlap partially or entirely. Laptops too close to the crotch, anyone?

Mens rights activists, easily dismissed with that devilishly vague slur conspiracy theorist, warn of endocrine disruptors in the food supply, and xenoestrogens in the water. Identifying the cause, for now, is a bit like playing bingo for diagnosing modern-day malaise. The ubiquity of internet pornography? The decimation of manual labor among the working classes? Soy-based baby foods? Since studying the effects of any one of these things would never be funded for study by the educational-industrial complex, it is impossible to know how they might tie in.The poor diets and sedentary lifestyles that many young Americans enjoy are certain to be among the major contributing factors, but that cannot explain all of the downturn. This is because the study authors also controlled for overweightness, a known enemy of testosterone, by looking at the decline in only those young men who had healthy BMIs. Even these men saw their testosterone scores drop by over one-fifth.

The feminization of society is an interesting hypothesis, although difficult or impossible to study (even if it were not politically incorrect). Could the entry of women into previous male-dominated workplaces have actually affected their endocrinology? Over the long-term and on a vast scale, it is perfectly plausible. Whereas once American workplaces were crucibles of masculine competition, worshipping a single Godreal-world business successand ruthlessly capitalistic in their incentive structure, now they are anything but. Even the private sector is strangulated by sprawling human resources departments holding bosses to ransom over innocuous jokes, and thereby incentivizing mediocrity and absolute subservience as a career trajectory. It is easy to see how the natural aggressive juices of men who have been defanged and declawed at work (to say nothing of their home lives) could be staunched.

Americans are getting it in the neck here, but are things even any different in other agribusiness-run hyper-feminized societies like, for instance, Western Europe? Heres anxiously awaiting a similar study. It would be interesting if the authors next looked at American mens levels of the female hormone estrogen, as well as American womens levels of testosterone. Could both have increased? Women have only a fraction of the amount of testosterone as men do coursing through their blood, but any overproduction can lead to quite obvious changes, such as excess body hair and a deeper voice.

Make no mistake though, this is very bad news. Not only is low testosterone deficiency linked to a range of negative health outcomes, it is even associated with a higher risk of deathnot to mention fertility. One who didnt know better might say that plummeting testosterone levels are at once the cause of and a perfect metaphor for an existential crisis in American masculinity.

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The statements, views and opinions expressed in this column are solely those of the author and do not necessarily represent those of RT.

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Men in name only: New study shows testosterone levels in American males are dropping dramatically. Why would that be? - RT

Think of it the same way as driving a car: "If you sit in a car, and you step on the gas and the brake at the same time, you stop. You don't go anywhere. A lot of times there's plenty of gas in the body, but there is something pressing on the brake. And so the brake wins."

In the case of men's hormones, there could be various factors that could be "stepping on the brake" or driving testosterone down.

"Often the root issue is cortisol, blood sugar, and inflammation that are driving down testosterone. Chronic stress could also suppress the brain's ability to tell the body to make testosterone," Berzin explains.

By fixing those issues (sleeping well, eating whole foods, managing stress, and building muscle mass through exercise are a few ways that could help, says Berzin), your sex hormones, progesterones, estrogens, and testosterones will benefitboth for men and women.

See the article here:
Why We Also Need To Be Talking About Men's Hormones - mindbodygreen.com

We're taught the basics about the female body in sex ed. But after milestones for women like getting your period and giving birth, many women feel uninformed about the basics of their reproductive system -- especially as they age.

Just like aging is visible outside of your body, many dont realize their internal organs are also going through a transition.

Dr. Jennifer Ashton, ABC News' chief medical correspondent, breaks down four things all women should know about their reproductive system.

"When we look down the road, it should be with optimism and understand that everyone will get through it," Ashton said. "Just like we all got through puberty."

First, its important to understand that the full female reproductive system is more than just the vagina and ovaries.

"Were talking about the whole external and internal urogenital system," Ashton explained, which also includes the bladder, urethra and vulva.

The ovaries are responsible for the production of the hormones estrogen, progesterone and a portion of the bodys testosterone, all of which decrease as a woman approaches menopause.

Estrogen is a major hormone responsible for affecting change in a womans body.

"Everything in the pelvic, genital area is affected by a decrease in estrogen levels," Ashton said. "Dropping estrogen levels are responsible for hot flashes, vaginal dryness, weakening of bones -- you name it and estrogen is likely involved."

A decrease in estrogen levels in the pelvic and genital areas causes the tissues to become weaker and more fragile. This can make this region of the body more susceptible to injury and infection.

Meanwhile, a decrease in progesterone levels can affect mood and also lead to memory loss, while a decrease in testosterone can be related to a decrease in a womans libido.

"A lot of people dont realize that women have testosterone as well," Ashton said. "That drop in testosterone level in a woman is responsible for the dreaded, 'I dont understand why I am gaining weight while Im still exercising and eating well.'"

As the strength and elasticity of muscles in the pelvic region decrease, problems such as incontinence and prolapse of pelvic organs, such as the bladder, uterus and rectum, may occur. A prolapse is when organs fall down or slip out of place

"Any of those organs can prolapse or protrude through the vagina, in most severe cases, outside of a womans body, but most of the time just into the vagina," Ashton said.

Women who have had many vaginal deliveries can be at higher risk of pelvic organ prolapse, but chronic coughing and obesity are also associated causes. Though women of any age can experience issues related to a weak pelvic floor, it is more common in older women.

"The most common symptom is the sensation of pressure," Ashton explained. "Some women will feel a lot of pelvic pressure and some women might have to urinate more frequently."

She notes that medical devices, such as the Yarlap, can strengthen and tone pelvic floor muscles, helping women regain control over their bladder and work to prevent pelvic organ prolapse.

"One thing women should focus on is the importance of the pelvic floor when it comes to the reproductive system," MaryEllen Reider, co-founder of Yarlap, said. "Its a muscle that hasnt gotten a lot of recognition and women shouldnt be ashamed to talk about any issues."

Menopause is defined as one year without a menstrual period.

According to the Mayo Clinic, menopause can happen in women in their 40s or 50s, but the average age is 51 in the U.S. Ashton explained that factors such as family history, smoking and medical conditions can affect the age when a woman begins through menopause.

Common symptoms leading up to menopause include mood swings, memory loss, hot flashes, an increase in body fat, a decrease in bone density and irregular vaginal bleeding, but not all women will experience all of the symptoms.

"In some women, as they approach menopause, their period will just fade off into the sunset and bleeding will completely stop," Reider said. "In other women, bleeding can become more irregular. In some cases, heavier and closer together. There is really no way to predict, it's very individual."

Although menopause is something many women dread, Ashton said women have something to look forward to.

"For many women it might feel like the worst thing ever, but there are treatments and ways to manage it," she said. "Women are now living a third of their life after menopause and those can be really vital and vibrant years."

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What women should know about their reproductive system as they age - ABC News

The 38-year-old American "90 Day Fianc" reality star, Tim Malcolm, is a luxurious man with great taste for things and a great fashion sense. He has a little bit of feminine nature and was mistaken for a transgender person until he shut down the rumors, saying that he is not a transgender person. He is only a gentleman, and it is as a result of his upbringing. He also said that he was a nerd when he was much younger.

The 38-year-old Southern man explained that he was trying to take it slow with his girlfriend because, he wanted to fall in love, and he did not want to get married, only to divorce in a few months or years.

On the "90 Day Fianc" show, Tim is in a relationship with Jennifer Tarazona, a 25-year-old model from Columbia. At first, Malcolm feared that she would not fancy him, but, he later realized that she was into his luxurious lifestyle. Although, she has serious jealousy for Veronica, Tim's ex-girlfriend, which he is awkwardly close to. Malcolm continuously tells her that their relationship is only on a friendly basis. Tim takes care of his adopted 12-year-old daughter, Sarah, from his last contact with Veronica Rodriguez.

Tim Malcolm is very active on Instagram. He posted a video, wishing his elder brother a happy 40th birthday. He said that his brother is his best friend, he also asked his followers to go to his brother's Instagram account and wish him a happy birthday.

One of his followers commented, "Stop crossing your legs on pillow talk, "and the "90-day" cast replied, "or what?" With a make emoji, slightly raising both hands, as in to ask a question.

Someone even explained that his father was a manly man and a military man but still crossed his legs.

Tim posted another photo of him with a red under-eye patch. He captioned," Getting ready for my day! New package coming soon for my newest favorite skincare product." Someone commented, "It looks like you smashed two giant strawberries underneath your eyes." Tim replied, saying, "Thank you".

There were negative comments under Tim's post about wearing his eye patch. Someone commented, "They won't stop the aging process" and Malcolm replied saying, "Nothing will. Unless you know where the magical fountain of youth is. Please share." He added a heart emoji at the end of his reply.

A bigger negative comment came. Someone said, "Seriously dude, get tested for testosterone levels.

Follow your passions.

Stay up to date.

You have a minimum" The 38-year-old American was quick to tell the person to "put their money where their mouth is". Other fans reacted to the comment too. Someone said, "An eight-year-old boy could cross his legs tighter than Tim does. Cheese and rice no way he has any testosterone in his body."

Another one said, "What is it to You? Maybe you can donate some of your testosterone to Tim."

Another one said, "Looks like you need more schooling on how to motivate and uplift people.

Guess that's not something you can learn in the gym."

Former "Pillow Talk" cast apologizes to Malcolm for doing a react video. He explained that he did the video, because, he felt like he had to after he was replaced by Tim. Tim accepted the apology and advised his fans to be forgiving to people that wrong them.

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'90 Day Fianc' : Tim Malcolm and fans react to him being told to check testosterone level - Blasting News United States

Global Testosterone Booster Market statistics

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Testosterone Booster Market 2020-2024:Expected to witness the fastest growth during the forecast period with Prominent Key Players Testofuel , GNC ,...

Pedophile Josie Smith is to be freed from jail after having gender reassignment treatment, which lowered her testosterone levels and the chances of her re-offending. She is currently at a residential treatment facility in Sioux City, right

A pedophile who sexually abused 15 children including a one year-old baby is to be freed from jail after transitioning to become a woman.

Josie Smith, 23, is set to be let out four years after her conviction thanks to hormone treatment which lowered her testosterone levels.

She was sentenced before she began the hormone treatment, and was originally ordered to stay behind bars indefinitely on the basis that she had the sex drive of a man.

But lowering Smiths testosterone has also diminished her sex drive, and thus dramatically decreased the risk of her re-offending, according to officials.

She has been receiving the treatment for the last two years as she prepares to potentially undergo gender reassignment surgery, the Storm Lake Times reported.

Smith was jailed in December 2015 under her old name Joseph after being convicted of molesting a student.

A pre-sentence report said she had abused up to 15 youngsters aged between one and 13, and recommended a lengthy spell behind bars.

Explaining the reason why Smith will now be freed, Iowa Attorney General spokesman Lynn Hicks said: We dont believe we have evidence sufficient to prove Josie Smith has a significant chance of re-offending.

Hicks said the Iowa Attorney Generals office has never dealt with a case like Smiths

Smith was transferred to the Sioux City Residential Treatment Facility last Saturday as she gradually prepares for her release.

Officials have yet to say when she will leave custody for good.

Hicks added: We dont believe we have evidence sufficient to prove Josie Smith has a significant chance of re-offending.

Shell be subject to supervision for the rest of her life.

A pre-sentence report prepared in 2015 found the likelihood of Smith offending pre-transition exceeded 20%.

This was based on the fact that her victims were both male and female, her being under 25 years old, and never having had a long-term relationship.

Smith was herself molested while growing up in Louisiana, with that abuse beginning when she was aged just seven.

Forensic psychologist Dr Tracy Rogers told the Des Moines Register that laws require prosecutors to prove a sex offender has a chance of of re-offending greater than 51% for the rest of his life.

That percentage is considerably lowered when an offender has treatment to lower testosterone levels, like Smith has.

Originally posted here:
Pedophile who molested baby freed from jail after transitioning to become female - Metro.co.uk

What does it mean to be a man? More specifically, what does it mean to be a man in the U.S? In Spain? Among Native American communities? There are so many different factors both cultural and otherwise that are embedded in this question. But what does masculinity look like around the world and what similarities present themselves? And, more importantly, what does how we talk about it and attempt to explain away behaviors using biology or speak of men in terms of Alpha and Beta say about us?

In, Are Men Animals? How Modern Masculinity Sells Men Short, anthropologist Matthew Gutmann, a professor of anthropology at Brown University who has spent 30 years exploring notions of masculinity across the United States, Latin America, and China, describes how the ways society can speak about men and explain away their behavior through bad science such as when, during the Brett Kavanaugh hearings, testosterone was associated with negative male behavior limits mens emotional expression and denies them agency and accountability over their actions. For Gutmann, using such terms and phrases as testosterone, boys being boys, and just being a guy is tantamount to when doctors 30 or 40 years ago would say that women cant be leaders because their periods made them too unpredictable. In other words, he says, such talk paints men into a corner.

Fatherly spoke to Gutmann about why explaining away masculinity with biology doesnt help anyone, why the term alpha male means nothing, and why men comparing themselves to wolves and chimpanzees is not only severely limiting its also extremely misguided.

Youve spent 30 years looking at masculinity around the world. What were some things you really wanted to address in this book? What was important to you about dispelling myths about masculinity?

How stressful do you find days when your kids can't go outside?

Not stressful at all. We make the best of it

Sometimes they are, sometimes they arent. Depends on the circumstance.

Extremely stressful. Its hard to entertain them

Thanks for the feedback!

There is a widespread tendency to say, well, boys will be boys. So in the Brett Kavanaugh Supreme Court justice hearings, it was remarkable how many times I read the word testosterone associated with male teenage behavior. As if other boys didnt have testosterone as teenagers; as if testosterone surging through your blood, if youre a teenage boy, accounts for sexual assault against women. That, to me, is very disturbing, when we assume that teenage boys almost cant help themselves from assaulting.

Is there an extent to which being a masculine man is biological, or is more of a cultural definition?

I think that you find as much variation worldwide and historically, as you can imagine. There isnt one way of being a man in any society. But certainly, science and biology have come to be very significant and influential ways of framing or thinking in general. Its not just about men and masculinity.

What do you mean?

One-hundred years ago, youd find scientists running all over the place saying, Women cant be leaders. There have never been women leaders in parliament, in congress, except for a few queens. Thats because of biology. Dont you think if women could be political leaders, we would have seen some by now?

That was a plausible argument. So its not a new way of looking at the world, to explain it through so-called science. But its bad science. And I think that its been too long unexamined with respect to men and masculinity today. The fact is, its very easy for people to fall into thinking, This is the way men are, and this is the way women are. But thats not true anywhere.

Lets talk about definitions of masculinity. Is it defined differently in the Western world than in other cultures?

It varies a lot within the United States, too, if you really get into it. Among Native American peoples in the plains, a long tradition of whats sometimes called third-gender, berdache, two-spirit people, these kinds of things. And thats in the United States. But thats not the dominant way of thinking about men and masculinity, that you have people who were born male but would assume female roles and might have sex with other biological men and that kind of thing, but would not consider themselves gay. But you dont hear about that stuff, usually, because it doesnt fit into dominant ways of thinking.

In Southern Spain, theres been a long stereotype that if a wife wants to have sex all the time with her husband, shes trying to kill him off, because men are only born with so much sperm and when it runs out, they die. Thats exactly the flip side of what you would hear about in terms of men and sexual predation.

One-hundred years ago, in many farming communities in much of the world, where children werent going to school, men were taking their kids to the fields, particularly their young boys, but also, their daughters. Theyre going to spend a lot more time with their children. This is a pattern that is impossible in the city, if youre driving a bus or working in a factory, you cant take your kid to work.

When did the dominant way of thinking about masculinity being strong and silent, having sexual conquests, etc. became really, really mainstream?

I think its always been around to some extent. But one of the things I would emphasize is that there may be dominant ideas but theres always been pushback and a lot of confusion, debate, and argument over what it means to be a man. One-hundred and fifty years ago, people were arguing strenuously that women should vote; women should be leaders; men are not the only ones who can do this; that men can be great fathers. But that wasnt dominant. So you find people pushing back.

The fact that young men in the United States, and 70 other countries in the world, when men turn 18 or so, they have to register for the draft or a possible draft, and young women do not have to do that, why do we go along with that, unquestioningly?

Why is that the way it is? Soldiers are not carrying spears or shields. Its not an issue of upper body strength. Its because people believe theres something inherently violent, or potentially violent, about men that makes them more adaptable for war. And theres no evidence thats true.

There are violent men, but most men are not violent. You can even say most people who kill are men thats absolutely true and vital but most men are not killers. And thats just as important. And if its biological, you would expect to find all men this and all men that and you dont. Its cultural.

One thing that really intrigued me about your book was how you wrote about such species as chimpanzees and wolves. Is there an extent to which weve transposed human ideals of masculinity on to pack animals?

Right.

Can you walk that out for me?

When I was young, I would watch nature shows on TV: Animal Planet, Discovery Channel. When I would hear about the male zebra, or the male orangutan, I would pay more attention, because thats the way males of those species behave. And, it began to sink in, that men do this and women do that. The problem is that theres variation among male zebras. Theres variation among male orangutans. But even that pales in comparison among variation among human males.

What do you mean?

If you are a mallard duck, youre going to behave within a fairly limited repertoire of behavior. If youre a human male, the possibilities are not endless, but they are vast. Thats the big difference. Its not that it doesnt take a male and a female, in terms of gametes, to make offspring, and that that isnt similar across animal species. It is. Its not like there are no similarities.

But we trick ourselves into thinking that we have such narrow kinds of possibilities, as humans, if we constantly are comparing ourselves to the chimpanzees, or gorillas or other primates. But its very easy to do it. In biology textbooks, in classes at universities, youre taught that females are choosy across species, and males want to have sex with all the females they can to procreate and spread their seed.

Right. And men need to do that too, or so the myth goes.

If you think about it for half a second, its nonsense. Human males are incredibly choosy about with whom they have sex, and most people in the 21st century, when they have sex, theyre not looking to have babies. Theyre not looking to spread their seed. Thats not the point.

I read an article recently that said that theres no real concept of an alpha wolf in the wild, but it exists in captivity. What does it mean that men have totally taken on this identity, as being the alpha or the alpha wolf or alpha male when it doesnt even really exist in nature? That thats the gold standard of being a human man being an alpha?

I think again, ultimately, it excuses men being in charge. Its saying that theres something biological: that men have a need to be in charge, and females have a need for men to be in charge, and the successful men are the alphas. Its a problem on so many different levels.

One, its actually healthier, in many species, to be a beta male. You dont have nearly the same levels of stress. It can be measured through cortisol levels. Beta males among chimps are a lot healthier, in many respects. They dont have everyone attacking them. There are even some studies that say that they have more sex.

But beyond that, whats curious is that you have other species wolves, bonobos (the so-called pygmy chimpanzees) where you have alpha female led troops to a much greater extent. Females have much more of a say in terms of who gets what, and what happens when, and all of that.

But we dont generally, on nature shows, care nearly as much about those mammals, because they dont coincide with the idea that men are in charge and should be.

Just even to the extent that you say that beta males are often happier and healthier, I laughed, because it reminds me a lot of human men who posture and exhibit idealized masculinity. They often have shorter lifespans, are more stressed out, and have all these negative health outcomes. So its like, what are we doing?

I think the language we use today has been too long unexamined about men. And thats what Im trying to do in the book, is call attention. Not because its exactly the same with respect to men and women when you use this language, but its also, potentially, more dangerous if we assume that, because men have certain kinds of hormones in higher levels than women, then anything happens automatically.

The fact is that women, for ovulation, need testosterone. But we dont hear about that very much. We hear about levels of testosterone as if they correlated with anything in particular [in terms of male aggression] and it turns out they dont.

Right. Women are too hormonal to be leaders. Men have too much testosterone to not be violent.

Hubert Humphrey, a presidential candidate, had a doctor who became quite famous. At one point he said, You cannot have women leaders in charge of war, because theyre too unpredictable, biologically, and theyre likely to do anything crazy at any time. There were people who pushed back hard against that idea, but it was much more plausible to a lot more people.

The fact is, whatever you think about Trump, tens of millions of women voted for him, and somehow, that needs to be explained.

Were they all just holding their noses about what they thought about his assaults on women and his desire to assault more women? Or, did they say, Like it or not, thats just the way guys are! Hes just a guys guy! And more guys would do it if they thought they could get away with it!

That, to me, is the most dangerous kind of thinking around. Its not just men who have that thinking. Its women, too.

Its funny. The sexist assumptions about women that they cant be leaders because of their hormones are used to help limit their engagement with politics or their roles in leadership. And then, on the other hand, the really sexist misguided assumptions about men that their testosterone makes them monsters or insatiable sex addicts or whatever serves to give them a pass to do whatever. Its like the same dynamic, but moving in opposite directions.

I agree. Ive given talks on this subject and Ive had women tell me, I agree a lot with what youre saying, but the fact is that men are more aggressive than women. And I think we need to really, as the academics would say, unpack that idea. What do we mean when we say men are more aggressive? Ill start pointing in the room. Is this guy more aggressive than that woman? What about that guy over there? And all of the sudden, the argument falls apart, because if youre actually talking about real people, it doesnt necessarily apply at all. We all know that. Not all men are more aggressive than all women. Its a ridiculous thing to say. But the phrase, men are more aggressive than women, if you dont challenge it, is very easy to make and people nod their head and say, Yeah, thats just the way it is.

Men want to have sex more than women. Yeah, right.

25 years ago, people told me that men are more visually stimulated than women and thats why men like porn and women dont. I didnt believe it was true, but I had no argument. Then, the internet became widely available and women started watching porn in the privacy of their own homes. The number of women watching porn went up dramatically when there was no longer the issue of having to do it so publicly.

This biological fact of visual stimulation just disappeared as an argument, and you dont find that anymore to nearly the same extent. Similarly, its very easy to make these general statements, but we need to look more carefully, because theres tremendous variation. Its because of that variation that theres hope.

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How the Myth of the Alpha Male Has Hijacked Modern Masculinity - Fatherly

NEW ORLEANS Growing older is part of life, but it doesn't mean you have to feel old.

Science is catching up to what we are lacking as we age.

And that's helping some middle-aged people feel like they are in their thirties. They changed their health and dropped weight because of hormone replacement therapy. They say taking the step was life-changing.

"I was extremely lethargic and depressed because I was tired all the time," said Alison Beebe, 50.

"I had no energy. I was overweight. I didn't think it would ever change. I battled this for years and years," said Michael Hebert, 59.

Alison and Michael never thought they would feel this good and be this healthy.

"And I went from not exercising and sitting at home on my couch and eating chips, to running half marathons and at the gym all the time. I've lost 30 pounds since that, and feel like I'm in my early 30s," said Beebe.

"I never believedthat I could sit here today and tell you that I'mat the same weight that I played at Arch Bishop Rummel in the mid-70s," said Hebert.

They turned to Dr. Pam Egan in Covington, who specializes in hormone replacement therapy, metabolism and nutrition. She says hormones and proper nutrition keep our cells young and healthy, without it, they die and disease sets in.

"When the body is nutritionally and hormonally sound it's like you give yourselves the proper tools for the body to heal itself," explained Dr. Pam Egan, a Doctor of Nursing Practice at Egan Wellness and Med Spa in Covington.

Men and Women lose hormones with age, or for women through a hysterectomy, even when you keep your ovaries. Studies show estrogen, progesterone and testosterone given in lower, correctly balanced doses, along with the right supplements, are safe.

"It has not been shown to increase breast cancer, blood clots, or heart disease," said Dr. Egan.

Alison says she now feels her best for her four children. Her body fat isdown from 50 to 15 percent. Michael says seeing his wife Kim at 60 feel so good from hormones, is what encouraged him to go to Dr. Egan. He's down 73 pounds and his blood work went from showingdangerous health signsto perfect.

"My dad died at 60 of a heart attack. If it helps one person, it's worth sitting here talking about it," Hebert said about sharing his health journey.

Dr. Egan says alcohol, pesticides on foods, heated plastic, and cleaning solvents, mimic the wrong forms of hormones in the body, leading to breast and other cancers. Click here for Dr. Egan's website.

Dr. Egan's book: "Managing Menopause with Bio-Identical Hormones"

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Hormone replacement is helping patients stay healthy later in life. - WWLTV.com

Olly Mann and The Week delve behind the headlines and debate what really matters from the past seven days.

In this weeks episode, we discuss:

Testosterone levels have been in decline for some time, and a long-term study published this week in the Journal of Sexual Medicine reveals the extent of the phenomenon: men aged between 15 and 39 now have 25% less testosterone than men of the same age in 1999 - a huge drop in just 20 years. Many theories have been put forward, including diet, lifestyle, underwear trends and even social attitudes towards masculinity. But why testosterone levels are dropping - and what the end result might be - remains a mystery.

An employment tribunal has ruled that ethical veganism is a philosophical belief akin to a religion that is protected by law against discrimination. But could the verdict come back to bite the growing movement? And which other beliefs are or should be safeguarded by our courts?

East Africa is in the grip of the most severe swarms of locusts in over 70 years, threatening food supply to millions across Somalia, Kenya and Ethiopia. With climate change fuelling their breeding and governments asleep at the wheel - are we all doomed to face more plagues in the future?

You can subscribe to The Week Unwrapped on theGlobal Player,Apple podcasts,SoundCloudor wherever you get your podcasts. It is produced by Sarah Myles and the music is by Tom Mawby.

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The Week Unwrapped podcast: Testosterone, vegans and locusts - The Week UK

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Newswise SALT LAKE CITY In the first-ever genome-scale analysis of the puberty process in humans, researchers at Huntsman Cancer Institute (HCI) at the University of Utah (U of U) outline distinct and critical changes to stem cells in males during adolescence. They further outline how testosterone, and the cells that produce testosterone, impact stem cells in male reproductive organs. The researchers believe this study adds dramatically to a foundation of knowledge that may yield insights into critical areas of human health, including infertility and cellular changes that lead to cancer and other diseases.

The study, published today in the journal Cell Stem Cell, was led by Bradley Cairns, PhD, cancer researcher at HCI and professor and chair of oncological sciences at the U of U, in collaboration with colleagues Jingtao Guo, PhD, a postdoctoral fellow in the Cairns lab at HCI, James Hotaling, MD, associate professor of surgery at the U of U, and Anne Goriely, PhD, associate professor of human genetics at the University of Oxford.

Puberty spurs numerous developmental changes in humans and other mammals. Hallmarks of puberty include physical characteristics easily visible to the naked eye, like rapid growth. These physical and hormonal changes signal the process of a maturing body preparing for reproductive years.

In the testis, the male reproductive organ that makes and stores sperm and produces testosterone, puberty introduces monumental changes at a cellular and physiological level. Thanks to new genomic technologies, researchers are able to examine the expression of thousands of genes in each individual cell in an entire organ, providing unprecedented insights into cellular behavior during puberty.

Several types of cells within the testis regulate reproductive health. Like the human body that changes along the path from infancy to adulthood, these cells undergo major changes as the body matures. These cells include spermatogonial stem cells that ultimately generate sperm production, and niche cells that help form parts of the testis, such as the seminiferous tubule, a tube-like structure within which sperm is formed. In this study, researchers characterized how, just prior to puberty, spermatogonial stem cells first expand significantly in number. These stem cells progress toward meiosis, a special type of cell division that splits the number of chromosomes from the parent cell in half, and also separates the male X and Y sex chromosomes to create cells that, after fertilization of eggs and considerable subsequent development, will ultimately result in either male (Y-containing) or female (X-containing) children. Late in puberty, these stem cells commit to creating mature sperm, which includes a tail piece for motility. The researchers showed how two of the cells that form the stem cell niche and chaperone this processthe myoid cells and Leydig cellsderive from a common precursor, and mature during early puberty.

A major novel insight of this study was the first-ever genomic analysis of the testis of adult transfemales (individuals assigned male at birth, but who self-identify as female). For these individuals, gender confirmation surgery is preceded by hormone therapy that induces long-term testosterone suppression, enabling the examination of testis lacking testosterone. By using samples donated after surgery, researchers uncovered critical insights into the role of testosterone in maintaining testis development. Genomic analysis of the cells from the testis of transfemales showed that stem cells and other cells revert to earlier states of development when compared to samples from male adolescents. Thus, Cairns and his colleagues identified that testosterone is critical to maintaining the mature state of the testis: if testosterone is no longer present, the testis reverts to an earlier developmental state.

The major changes that occur in humans during puberty give rise to numerous functions in normal development, like reproductive health and fertility. But, when these processes go awry, confounding challenges can result. Infertility is a relatively common health issue. About 50 percent of the time, the underlying cause is attributed to the male reproductive functions, which often include errors that occur during puberty. The team hopes these insights into how cells develop will help yield insights into what happens when developmental issues during puberty cause changes that result in infertility.

The study also informs understanding of cancer and other diseases that arise due to errors in cellular processes. The majority of the time, testicular cancers arise when stem cells in the testis are misregulated, said Cairns. We want to understand how these changes can cause testicular tumors; however, we need to know what should normally happen before we can identify ways to prevent or more effectively treat these cancers.

In juveniles, cancers and reproductive health intersect via a medical process called oncofertility; that is, the study of how to retain fertility in adolescent and young adult cancer patients whose reproductive health and fertility may be impacted by their cancer, or as a result of side effects of cancer treatment. Some chemotherapies can result in young men with cancer not being able to have childrenthe chemotherapy can cause changes to their stem cells, said Cairns. My hope and expectation is that our research will provide a foundation for creating options to support the reproductive health of young men affected by cancer through a better understanding of how these stem cells survive, are supported, and develop.

This research was supported by the National Cancer Institute grant P30 CA042014, the Howard Hughes Medical Institute, and Huntsman Cancer Foundation.

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About Huntsman Cancer Institute:

Huntsman Cancer Institute(HCI) at theUniversity of Utahis the official cancer center of Utah. The cancer campus includes a state-of-the-art cancer specialty hospital as well as two buildings dedicated to cancer research. HCI treats patients with all forms of cancer and is recognized among the best performing cancer hospitals in the country by U.S. News and World Report. As the onlyNational Cancer Institute (NCI)-Designated Comprehensive Cancer Centerin the Mountain West, HCI serves the largest geographic region in the country, drawing patients from Utah, Nevada, Idaho, Wyoming, and Montana. More genes for inherited cancers have been discovered at HCI than at any other cancer center in the world, including genes responsible for hereditary breast, ovarian, colon, head, and neck cancers, along with melanoma. HCI manages theUtah Population Database, the largest genetic database in the world, with information on more than 11 million people linked to genealogies, health records, and vital statistics. HCI was founded byJon M. and Karen Huntsman.

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First-Ever Genomic Study of Puberty Yields Insights into Development, Cancer, and Infertility - Newswise

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