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A 36-year-old Siberian man born without testicles can now father children, thanks to his identical twin brother who donated one of his testicles, according to an international team of surgeons.

The man is now the third person known to have undergone a testicular transplantation surgery, which lasted six hours.

"He's good, he looks good, his brother looks good," Dr. Dicken Ko, a transplant surgeon and urology professor at Tufts University School of Medicine in Boston, who flew to Belgrade to help with the procedure told The New York Times.

The donor, who already has children, should remain as fertile as he was before, despite giving up a testicle, according to the surgeon.

The Siberian man was born without testicles a rare condition. As a result, he could not produce sperm and the male hormone testosterone.

Testicular transplantation offers a ray of hope to other people as well, including transgender people, accident victims, wounded soldiers, and cancer patients.

This form of transplantation is not the most opted procedure. Generally, people who lose their testicles opt to take testosterone to replace the hormones and receive testicular prostheses to restore the appearance.

The Siberian sibling chose surgery over hormone replacements. The surgery was intended to give the recipient more stable levels of the male hormone testosterone than injections could provide, to make his genitals more natural and more comfortable and enable him to father children, says Dr. Ko.

The doctors do not expect any complications arising from the surgery. The success of transplantation among twins is high, as they share similar genetic makeup, meaning they have almost identical tissues in their bodies, say medical experts.

However, the procedure did not come without its share of challenges. The surgeons had to be swift and precise. "Once you remove the testicle from the donor, the clock starts ticking very fast," Dr. Branko Bojovic, an expert in microsurgery at Harvard Medical School and part of the team in Belgrade told the New York Times.

"If they do not act fast, the testicle will lose its viability a testicle is viable for only four to six hours," he adds.

After the surgery, the Siberian man's testosterone levels reached the normal range and his testicles will now carry sperm, say doctors. He can father children but he won't be able to reproduce sexually, for now.

This is because doctors could not connect a structure called the vas deferens, which carries the sperm out of the testicles. However, the team says, another operation can fix this in the future.

In the meantime, however, he could undergo in vitro fertilization, where his sperm can be harvested and used to fertilize embryos, say doctors.

In the future, transplantation could find use among people wanting to undergo female-to-male sex reassignment, says the team. Doctors throw away the penis and testicles, after male-to-female reassignment surgery.

Instead, the team argues that these discarded organs could be used for transplants. "We have to do this as soon as possible, to stop putting healthy organs in the garbage," says Dr. Miroslav Djordjevic, the lead surgeon.

Link:
Man born without testicle gets one from identical twin brother so he can have children of his own - MEAWW

Hey Casey!

I'm a transgender guy who isn't on testosterone, which means I'm practically unchanged physiologically. I cycle, so my legs are pretty strong, but I've always had pretty weak arms. I really want to start bulking up to feel more comfortable with myself! There's a logging sports club at my college that's really cool, but I also suck at time management. Any tips on either feeling confident enough to pursue getting swole, or actually doing it amongst all the other time-consuming stuff?

Thanks,

Cory

A logging! Sports! Club! I struggle to think of anything Ive ever supported more after hearing less about it. That sounds great, and you should do it.

It does sound like the kind of thing that would benefit from upper-body strength, but lower-body strength can contribute more than a lot of people realize even to upper-body activities. For instance, if you think of a baseball player swinging a bat or throwing a ball, they are really using their whole bodies, including hips and legs, to make it happen. The same goes for a lot of what we do with ourselves, and training lower bodies can help prevent injuries that can come from imbalances that result from, well, only training upper body. And while cycling is good, its not really a strength- or stability- or mobility-building activity (and has you crouched in one position the whole time).

The good news is absolutely everyone can benefit in the same ways from basic strength training, T or no T; that ability to benefit is not affected at all by your gender or hormones! Many people erroneously assume strength training is about getting a ripped look, but it extremely doesnt have to be about that. Being able to squat or deadlift or bench even a modest amount of weight will require strength as well as general mobility (youd be surprised the number of people who cannot, due to all the chair-sitting and tight-pants-wearing we do, actually do a proper squat at first). So just the pursuit of the activity, results aside, can have huge payoff in how it feels to just move around or do simple activities. In your case, it will pay off in the speed with which you can hand-saw a section of tree trunk.

I say all this because it plays into the trepidation many people have about strength training: When they see only muscle-bound alpha dudes in the weight room, they take that to mean strength training is not for them, since they are not a muscle bound alpha dude, nor do they want to be. This is patently incorrect; strength training is for everyone.

More importantly, everyone starts somewhere, even the muscle-bound alpha dudes. It feels embarrassing to go into a gym or weight room for the first time and awkwardly struggle mightily with a few pounds while it feels like everyone around you is handling enormous weights with ease, or worse, with dramatic grunts and sweat-bullets so you can see and hear just how hard they are working.

But the entire way strength training works is through a method called progressive overload, where you are adding intensity or volume (more weight, or more reps, more time under tension) to all your lifts, as opposed to going in and doing the same exact routine with the same weights and peacing out. You dont go in and do three sets of 20 curls with two-pound weights and then slowly back out of the room; you go and do, say, three sets of five bench presses with 45 pounds, and then the next week with 50 pounds, and then the next week with 55 pounds, next week with 60 pounds. You support this process by eating and sleeping enough, so your body can build back the muscles it broke down during your workout. It may feel like you are totally incapable of this, when you might feel like youre breaking a sweat with the two pound weights youre already using. But some small adjustments (heavier weight, fewer reps, making sure you take care to eat enough) makes a huge difference.

Another thing that will help your confidence is knowing exactly what youre doing when you go in the gym, or at least having a simple plan. Fortunately, strength training programs dont have to be insanely complicated. (Here are a bunch recommended by the r/ftmfitness subreddit). Remember that doing anything the first time in life is incredibly awkward. Its important to accept that and know that each subsequent time, you will get more comfortable, and eventually even be as comfortable as the alpha dudes you were intimidated by in the first place (really, they can be OK).

Generally, these programs take the form of a few sets of a few reps of only a few exercises. Getting stronger does not require logging billions of hours in the gym or such intensity that you dread each session. You may be surprised how easy it actually is.

Once youve gotten a little stronger, you can start pursuing the bulk side of things. As the r/ftmfitness subreddit says, No one has ever accidentally built muscle; you need deliberate effort in order to get bigger (that subreddit may be a great resource for you in general). People who want their muscles to be bigger focus their gym work in the hypertrophy range, which means slightly more reps (8-12 per set is common). I personally got a lot out of this post about hypertrophy work to get an overall better bench press; real ones know a great bench comes from a holistically strong and balanced upper body, including shoulders and back, and not just chest and arms.

You may have some particular concerns about the social environment and/or political climate of any given gym. Fortunately, as strength training gets more popular, many more gyms are becoming sensitive to matters of inclusivity, and there are even gyms that have opened in recent years with a specific focus on making sure people who traditionally feel marginalized by a stereotypical gym feel safe, supported, and encouraged. Nothing is perfect yet, but it can be worth looking for somewhere in your area that makes a point of being an inclusive space. Regardless of where you live, just as an example of what this can look like and what standards we might hold existing gyms to, you could check out Strength For All in Brooklyn.

As for time management, getting to the gym involves some combination of prioritizing that personal choice and not trying to change too many things too quickly. But think of it this way: 40 minutes three times a week is almost no time at all (two hours total! Its practically nothing!). You might spend more time sitting and bingeing a TV show in a single night than it would take you to do a weeks worth of workouts. Its annoying to add yet another Task to the pile of stuff we all have to do, but if at all possible, think of it as a privilege that enriches the rest of your life (which it does): carrying things around is easier; bending down to pick stuff up is easier; your lower back hurts less; colors are brighter; food tastes better; the air feels lighter on your skin. When you think about it, its almost rude of you to yourself not to lift weights.

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If I Wanted to Actually Go to the Gym, I'd Simply Have Confidence and Time - Free

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Testosterone Replacement Therapy Market Research, Recent Trends and Growth Forec - News by aeresearch

The signs first appeared at the age of 29.

I saw a photo of myself in a bathing suit, says Arya Sharma. I noticed folds that werent there before.

That hed put on some weight was hardly a revelation. He was living in Berlin at the time and enjoying his share of beer and bratwurst. So Sharma began walking more and put down the lagers.

I liked bratwurst too much to cut down on that, he admits.

But some 30 years later, now a professor of medicine at the University of Alberta and the scientific director of Obesity Canada, Sharma is all too aware of the risks of ignoring what is often referred to with bemusement as middle-age spread.

There are 57 comorbidities associated with obesity, including cancer, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease and dementia. And yet as Sharma explains, As we get older, biology sets us up for weight gain.

Thats particularly troubling news for Canada, where the median age has been holding steady at about 41 just as rates of obesity are rising, particularly among those aged 35-49.

The impact of age on metabolism is partly to blame. After 20, the body burns 10 to 15 fewer calories every day. By the age of 50, we could be burning nearly 400 fewer calories a day. If youre still eating the same amount of food as when you were 20, youll gain weight, says Sharma.

Hormones are another factor. Testosterone, the male sex hormone, results in a decrease in body fat; estrogen, the female sex hormone, also prevents weight gain. But both decrease as we age.

Studies show that post-menopausal women store more fat, says Sylvia Santosa, a professor in Concordia Universitys Department of Health, Kinesiology and Applied Physiology. We also see that with a chronic decrease in testosterone, which occurs during andropause or male menopause, men also have an increase in body fat.

Hormones even dictate the middle-aged physique, with a decrease in estrogen leading women to gain weight around their hips and thighs, and a decrease in testosterone causing men to gain weight around their bellies.

Hormone replacement therapy can help prevent weight gain associated with middle age, says Santosa, but it remains controversial because of possible links to cardiovascular disease.

Women are more likely to gain weight throughout their lives because of hormonal fluctuations. I still havent lost the weight I gained during my second pregnancy. My daughter is now 2, Santosa says.

Monitoring our weight can help us maintain our weight, or at least not gain too much, says Santosa. Keeping a food diary can also be helpful.

Exercise alone seldom results in weight loss. You need the dietary component, she says.

But Sharma cautions against diets, any diet. Bodies like to put on weight, but they dont like to lose it, he says. A diet only works if you stay on it for the rest of your life. Thats difficult since most diets are restrictive.

Sharma believes behavioural measures, medications and, in some cases, bariatric surgery are most effective in the long-term treatment of obesity.

Governments are also on the case. Last year, Canada banned industrial transfats, making it illegal for manufacturers to add PHOs partially hydrogenated oils to foods sold here. A policy document called Lets Get Moving was also designed to get Canadians moving more; only 18 per cent of Canadian adults meet physical activity guidelines of 150 minutes of moderate-to-vigorous activity every week.

Still more is needed, says Sharma. Although the recent reissue of the Canada Food Guide offers a plan for healthy eating, for example, it does not address obesity. And the government still doesnt recognize obesity as a chronic disease.

This would increase access to behavioral therapy and medications for obesity, he says. Most health plans dont cover those things.

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Yes, middle age-spread is real and dangerous - Ottawa Citizen

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North America (United States, Canada)Europe (Germany, France, UK, Italy, Russia, Spain)Asia Pacific (China, Japan, Korea, India, Australia, New Zealand)Middle East & Africa (Middle East, Africa)Latin America (Mexico, Brazil, C. America, Chile, Peru, Colombia)

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Testosterone Replacement Therapy Market Expected to Deliver Dynamic Progression until 2028| AbbVie, Endo International, Eli lilly - Breaking News...

A 36-year-old man born without testicles received one transplanted from his identical twin brother in a six-hour operation performed on Tuesday in Belgrade, Serbia, by an international team of surgeons.

The surgery was intended to give the recipient more stable levels of the male hormone testosterone than injections could provide, to make his genitals more natural and more comfortable, and to enable him to father children, said Dr. Dicken Ko, a transplant surgeon and urology professor at Tufts University School of Medicine in Boston, who flew to Belgrade to help with the procedure.

The operation was only the third known transplant of this type. The first two were performed 40 years ago in St. Louis, also for identical twins, each pair with a brother lacking testicles.

The absence of testicles is an exceedingly rare condition, but doctors say that the surgery may have broader applications for transgender people, accident victims, wounded soldiers and cancer patients. But the procedure raises questions about the ethics of transplants that are not lifesaving, and about the possibility of recipients someday fathering children with sperm from donors who may not even be related to them.

The surgery was performed at the University Childrens Clinic in Tirsova, a section of Belgrade. The Serbian brothers are doing well, doctors said. By Friday, the recipient already had normal testosterone levels.

Hes good, he looks good, his brother looks good, Dr. Ko said in a telephone interview on Friday. The donor, who already has children, should remain as fertile as he was before, despite giving up a testicle.

Dr. Ko said the brothers, who have been sharing a hospital room, were expected to go home this weekend. They preferred not to be identified or interviewed, the doctors said.

Because the patients are identical twins with the same genetic makeup, there is no concern that the recipients body will reject the transplant, so he does not have to take the immune-suppressing drugs that most transplant patients need.

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Surgeons operated on the brothers simultaneously, in adjoining rooms. The procedure was challenging because it required sewing together two arteries and two veins that were less than 2 millimeters wide.

Once you remove the testicle from the donor, the clock starts ticking very fast, said Dr. Branko Bojovic, an expert in microsurgery at Harvard Medical School and part of the team in Belgrade.

Within two to four hours, you have to have it re-perfused and working again, Dr. Bojovic said. Without a blood supply, a testicle is viable for only four to six hours.

It can take 30 to 60 minutes to make each of the four blood-vessel connections. But the team managed to complete them all in less than two hours, he said.

The team did not connect a structure called the vas deferens, which carries sperm out of the testicles. The surgeons could not find the tissue in the recipient needed for the connection, which means that for now, he cannot father children in the usual way.

Another operation to make the connection may be possible. Otherwise, if the recipient wants children, he might undergo a procedure to extract sperm from the testicle for in vitro fertilization. Or his twin brothers sperm could be used.

Dr. Ko and Dr. Bojovic were both part of the surgical team that performed the first penis transplant in the United States, in 2016, on a man whose penis had been removed because of cancer.

Dr. Miroslav Djordjevic, who led the team in Belgrade, specializes in urologic reconstruction and sex reassignment surgery at Mount Sinai Hospital in New York and at the University of Belgrade. He said the brothers approached him after learning that he had performed a successful uterus transplant between twins sisters, which enabled the recipient to give birth.

Dr. Bojovic said that after the penis transplant, the surgical team received inquiries from people undergoing female-to-male sex reassignment who wondered if they might receive transplants instead of the usual surgery, which creates a penis from the patients own tissue.

But a transplant from any donor other than an identical twin would require immune-suppressing drugs to prevent rejection. The drugs have side effects that lead some experts to argue that the bar for such transplants must be very high.

Its becoming more of a popular topic for these patients, Dr. Bojovic said. They say, If immunosuppression is getting safer, I dont want to use a big piece of tissue from my forearm or thigh or back for something that looks like phallus but isnt.

He added that in patients having male-to-female reassignment surgery, the penis and testicles that were surgically removed are discarded, but in theory could be used for transplants.

The lead surgeon, Dr. Djordjevic, said that he had developed a surgical plan for transplanting a penis onto a body that is anatomically female, and that he hoped to begin performing that surgery within the next year or so.

We have to do this as soon as possible, to stop putting healthy organs in the garbage, he said.

But he would not transplant testicles as part of transgender surgery, he said. Doing so would open up the thorny possibility that the recipient could have children produced by the donors sperm. If the idea were extended to deceased organ donors, special permission would be required from them before death, or from their families.

Then the offspring is technically whose child? asked Dr. Ko, who is also chief medical officer at St. Elizabeths Hospital in Boston. It raises much debate in the literature of medical ethics.

Last year, when surgeons at Johns Hopkins Hospital transplanted a penis, scrotum and other tissue to a young soldier who had been maimed in combat, they deliberately left out the testicles. The idea that he might father children who were genetically someone elses was considered unacceptable.

The first report of a testicle transplant, by Dr. Sherman J. Silber, a fertility specialist in St. Louis, was published in a medical journal in 1978. In that case, the twin brothers were 30 when they consulted Dr. Silber.

The brother without testicles had not reached puberty until he was given testosterone at age 18, which caused a growth spurt that left him four inches taller than his brother. He needed regular testosterone injections to maintain his masculine characteristics, but the hormone levels fluctuated and sometimes caused mood swings.

He spent five years searching for a doctor who could perform a testicle transplant before he found Dr. Silber, after reading a New York Times article about his work published in 1975.

Dr. Silber said that he had performed more than 2,000 kidney transplants in rats, which required microsurgical techniques to sew together minute blood vessels the same size as those in human testicles.

So doing a testicle transplant was not a big deal, he recalled in an interview on Thursday. It was like just another kidney transplant in a rat. He said the operation took two hours.

Dr. Silber said that the donor was gay and the recipient straight, and that the brothers told him they wondered if the transplanted testicle might somehow alter the recipients sexual orientation. There is no scientific reason for such an effect, and none occurred.

The transplant was a success, and the recipient eventually had five children, Dr. Silber said. A year or so later, he performed the surgery again for another pair of identical twin brothers, though he did not write up their case in a journal.

Regarding the operation in Belgrade, Dr. Silber said, I imagine these surgeons must be pretty good, because most people wouldnt dare to try this.

Read more:
Surgeons Transplant a Testicle From One Brother to His Twin - The New York Times

Testosterone Replacement Therapy market report considers the present scenario of the Lawful Interception Industry and its market dynamics for the period 20192024. It covers a detailed overview of various market growth enablers, restraints, and trends. The study includes both the demand and supply sides of the market. It also profiles and analyzes the leading companies and several other prominent companies operating in the Testosterone Replacement Therapy market.

Get Sample Copy of this Reporthttps://www.orianresearch.com/request-sample/1150984

Summary

Testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) is a class of hormone replacement therapy in which androgens, often testosterone, are replaced. Testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) is an FDA-approved medical treatment for men of any age who have low testosterone, a hormone necessary for male sexual development.

The report forecast global Testosterone Replacement Therapy market to grow to reach xxx Million USD in 2019 with a CAGR of xx% during the period 2020-2024.

The report offers detailed coverage of Testosterone Replacement Therapy industry and main market trends. The market research includes historical and forecast market data, demand, application details, price trends, and company shares of the leading Testosterone Replacement Therapy by geography. The report splits the market size, by volume and value, on the basis of application type and geography.

First, this report covers the present status and the future prospects of the global Testosterone Replacement Therapy market for 2015-2024.And in this report, we analyze global market from 5 geographies: Asia-Pacific[China, Southeast Asia, India, Japan, Korea, Western Asia], Europe[Germany, UK, France, Italy, Russia, Spain, Netherlands, Turkey, Switzerland], North America[United States, Canada, Mexico], Middle East & Africa[GCC, North Africa, South Africa], South America[Brazil, Argentina, Columbia, Chile, Peru].

At the same time, we classify Testosterone Replacement Therapy according to the type, application by geography. More importantly, the report includes major countries market based on the type and application.

Finally, the report provides detailed profile and data information analysis of leading Testosterone Replacement Therapy Company.

Following Key Companies are analyzed in this Report :- Endo International AbbVie Eli lilly Pfizer Actavis (Allergan) Bayer Novartis Teva Mylan Upsher-Smith Ferring Pharmaceuticals Kyowa Kirin Acerus Pharmaceuticals

Inquire more or share questions if any on this report @https://www.orianresearch.com/enquiry-before-buying/1150984

Key Content of Chapters as follows (Including and can be customized) :

Part 1:Market Overview, Development, and Segment by Type, Application & Region

Part 2:Company information, Sales, Cost, Margin etc.

Part 3:Global Market by company, Type, Application & Geography

Part 4:Asia-Pacific Market by Type, Application & Geography

Part 5:Europe Market by Type, Application & Geography

Part 6:North America Market by Type, Application & Geography

Part 7:South America Market by Type, Application & Geography

Part 8:Middle East & Africa Market by Type, Application & Geography

Part 9:Market Features

Part 10:Investment Opportunity

Part 11:Conclusion

Order a copy of Testosterone Replacement Therapy Market Report 2019 @https://www.orianresearch.com/checkout/1150984

Market Segment as follows:

By RegionAsia-Pacific[China, Southeast Asia, India, Japan, Korea, Western Asia]Europe[Germany, UK, France, Italy, Russia, Spain, Netherlands, Turkey, Switzerland]North America[United States, Canada, Mexico]Middle East & Africa[GCC, North Africa, South Africa]South America[Brazil, Argentina, Columbia, Chile, Peru]

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About Us:Orian Research is one of the most comprehensive collections of market intelligence reports on the World Wide Web. Our reports repository boasts of over 500000+ industry and country research reports from over 100 top publishers. We continuously update our repository so as to provide our clients easy access to the worlds most complete and current database of expert insights on global industries, companies, and products. We also specialize in custom research in situations where our syndicate research offerings do not meet the specific requirements of our esteemed clients.

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Testosterone Replacement Therapy Market Top Players (Endo International, AbbVie, Eli lilly, Pfizer, Actavis, Bayer, Novartis, Teva, Mylan,...

All the latest information about rules regarding transgender athletes in sport, including how the FA accommodates trans men and women in the sport

Participation of trans athletes in gender-based sport remains a controversial issue, with factors such as higher testosterone levels as well as physiological aspects such as height and weight needing to be taken into account in order to ensure fair competition.

This doesnt touch the personal issues that trans athletes are made to deal with following their gender reassignment, with transgender peoplealready facing dramatically increased amounts of discrimination and abuse compared to cisgender individuals.

So what are the rules regarding trans athletes in football, and how does the FA deal with trans athletes? Goal takes a look.

A transgender person is a person whose sense of personal identity and gender does not correspond with their birth sex .

The opposite of transgender is cisgender, someone whose sense of personal identity and gender corresponds with their birth sex. A cisgender man is a man who is born biologically as a male and continues to identify as male; same for a cisgender (or 'cis') female.

Transgender people undergo gender reassignment in order tofeel comfortable within their external and personal appearance. Some might also experiencegender dysphoria, which causesthem to pursuehormone therapy or medical reassignment.

A transgender person also does not have to experiencemedical treatmentin orderto be considered trans. Gender reassignment, which is the process of distancing yourself from your assigned birth gender and moving to a preferred one,is first and foremostly a personal choice that does not have to be validated physiologically or biologically.

Those who identify as transgender might also not have the financial means to afford medical re-assignment or hormone therapy, or feel that society will make them feel ostracisedfor doing so.

The confidentiality of a trans person's gender reassignment in the UK is also protected under the Gender Recognition Act 2004.

The FA hasset rules on gender in football for athletes until the age of 16.

Based on research, there is minimal difference in male and female physical strength in the stages that precede puberty. And so, mixed football under the FA is allowed up until the Under-16 age group.

Under-7s to Under-16s are allowed to play in either boys or girls teams, regardless of their birth or affirmed sex.

From age 16 and above, however, the boys and girls teams are separated under FA ruling due to hormonal and physiologicalchanges caused by puberty. These changes, according to the FA, "may bring on safety issues that are brought on by a general distinction between males and females in sport due to differing muscle strength caused by testosterone."

Cis male athletes are at a biological physical advantage compared to their cis female counterparts.

TheFA states: "Due potentially to difference between the sexes, and the fact that oestrogen and testosterone which is often taken as part of an individuals gender reassignment, can also have physical effects which may lead to competitive advantage."

It implements these policies to"ensure fair play and competition for those on the field".

The FA statesthat any players above the U-16 age range must be of the same gender, but this general rule does not specify whether it applies to a persons birth sex or their affirmed sex. However, they iterate the notion that "gender identity should not be a barrier to participation in football".

When it comes to specifically trans players wishing to play in their affirmed sex, they have stated that they will consider applications for clearance on a case-by-case basis .

The FA considers individual trans players who have undergone hormone therapy based onpassing specific hormone-based requirements, whose exact details are not currently publicly available.

It is understood, though,that the FA does maintain rules regarding hormone levels, as do other international sporting competitions.

For trans maleand trans femaleathletes who have undergone or are in the process of undergoing medical treatment, evidence such as medical information and records, blood testosterone and hormone treatment are considered for individual review.

Their policy on trans people in football document confirms thatfor trans males who have gone hormone therapy, results in blood testosterone levels are consideredwithin natal male range, while for trans females,results in blood testosterone are reviewed within natal female range.

The AFL (Australian Football League), for instance, haverequirements trans women need to follow if they aim to play in theAFLW (Australia Football League Womens).

This includes keeping testosterone levelsat a certain point for two years , in addition to trans women undergoingexaminations that will decide whether if they stand at a physical advantage over cis athletes.

For transsexuals who have not undergone hormone therapy, they will also have their application considered individually based on safety and fair competition by the FA.

Trans athletes who wish to play in their affirmed gender must provide applications to the FAs Equality Manager.

Full information on the process is available in detail here .

The main issue, according to FA, regarding trans athletes is iftheir hormone levels would potentially put them at an advantage of disadvantage in their team. Their argument is that, for example, a transgender woman with higher testosterone levels would have a physical advantage.

Footballer Blair Hamilton, who plays forStonehaven Ladies in Scotlandand has been undergoinghormone therapy, disagrees with this notion and has stressedthat trans athletes do not have an advantage following medical reassignment.

"They need to look at the science, what it actually does to your body," she told the BBC .

"It does take away your muscle mass, your explosiveness. Your ratios from type-one to type-two fast-twitch fibres change - your body completely changes. I don't think they realise how much of a change hormone therapy makes.

"There is absolutely no advantage on the pitch."

See more here:
What are the rules for trans athletes in football? - Goal.com

Essential oils may smell great, but orally ingesting them can cause all sorts of problems. Recent studies have found that essential oil poisonings are becoming more frequent and more severe in Europe and the US, and the latest figures from Australia show a similar trend Down Under.

Appearing in the Medical Journal of Australia, the new study analyzes data from the New South Wales Poisons Information Centre (NSWPIC), which deals with about half of all calls to Poisons Informations Centres across the country. Between July 2014 and June 2018, the facility recorded a total of 4,412 cases of essential oil poisoning, with around two-thirds of these involving children under the age of 15.The number of calls rose from 1,011 in 2014-15 to 1,177 in 2017-18, representing a considerable 16 percent increase.

Essential oils are volatile chemical compounds (meaning they evaporate at low temperatures) that are extracted from plant material via a distillation process that commonly involves steaming. Their name refers to the fact that they contain the essence of the plant's fragrance, and as such are known for their pleasant scent.

Used in perfumes, soaps, incense burners, and as aromatherapy aides, essential oils are said to benefit overall health by relaxing the nervous system.However, some suppliers also suggest applying the oils topically or even ingesting them orally, which the study authors strongly warn against.

Essential oils can cause severe toxicity when ingested, the risk depending on the oil used; the onset of toxicity can be rapid, and small quantities (as little as 5mL) can cause life-threatening toxicity in children, they explain in their report.

Clinical effects include vomiting, central nervous system depression or excitation, and aspiration pneumonitis.

Some essential oils can also mess with the bodys hormonal balance, with studies showing that both lavender and tea tree oil contain compounds that mimic oestrogen and inhibit testosterone. This has led to a small number of cases of prepubertal gynecomastia, whereby young boys developed enlarged breasts after repeatedly applying these oils to their skin. In all recorded cases, symptoms disappeared once the boys stopped using the oils.

Breaking down the data, the study authors explain that of those who contacted NSWPIC, around 80 percent had unintentionally ingested essential oils after mistaking the bottle for something else, such as cough syrup, or were the result of therapeutic error (13 percent). However, 105 people making up 2.4 percent of the total had deliberately taken the oils, following misinformation regarding the safety and efficacy of doing so.

Flow restrictors and child-resistant closures would be desirable, but containers are only required to have such closures when the essential oil volume exceeds 15 millilitres, explain the researchers. Given that as little as 5 millilitres is enough to produce severe toxicity, the authors insist that current regulations are inadequate to ensure the safety of children.

More:
People Are Poisoning Themselves With Essential Oils. Please Don't - IFLScience

IRVINE, Calif. The NHLs top team left quite the impression on the Ducks in their first matchup this season. Some of that impression left a trail of disgust.

The Washington Capitals make their annual visit to Anaheim on Friday night, and Alex Ovechkin is obviously the headliner on their loaded roster. They also have John Carlson, the high-scoring defenseman who is the clear leader in the Norris Trophy race.

Yet, Ovechkin and Carlson might not be the main attractions at Honda Center.

The Ducks and Capitals had a memorable meeting in the nations capital for all the wrong reasons two weeks ago. A wild fracas spurred by a big hit from Capitals forward Brendan Leipsic on Ducks center Derek Grant was capped by Washingtons Garnet Hathaway spitting on Erik Gudbranson in retaliation for a punch the Anaheim defenseman threw as the two were being held by officials.

[ Listen to Point Breakaway for more Ducks coverage ]

The NHL handed...

Read more here:
Two teams 'full of testosterone': Ducks ready for grudge rematch with Capitals - The Athletic

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