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Jul 3

What's Up Doc: Keep your family hydrated and healthy

Q: With how hot it has been, what should I do to prevent my family from getting dehydrated?

A: The main function of the human body is to provide oxygen and glucose to the brain. Blood carries this oxygen and glucose, and is mostly made from water. So having adequate water in the body is critical for good health.

I think about the bodys fluid composition using my rules of two thirds rough estimate. Over two thirds of our body weight is water. Most of this water is inside the cells of the body, again about two thirds. Of the water not in the cells, about two thirds is in the space between the cells. This leaves 2/3 of the body weight times 1/3 not in the cells times 1/3 not between the cells equals 2/27 (about 7 percent) of our bodys weight being blood; and about two thirds of that is in the veins. Water can easily move from inside the cells to outside the cells to inside the bloodstream, balanced by colloid osmotic (oncotic) pressure that works to keep sufficient amounts in the bloodstream.

The body loses water in many of its normal daily functions; moisture in the air exhaled, sweat to help regulate body temperature, and the fluids used in waste elimination (urine and stool). Electrolytes (such as sodium, potassium, chloride, bicarbonate and others) are also lost (taste how salty sweat is).

Additional fluid and electrolyte loss can occur for many reasons:

- Infants lose more fluids per body weight than adults.

- People with poorly controlled diabetes may have increased urine output.

- People who develop vomiting and/or diarrhea (from any cause) lose fluids and may also have decreased fluid intake.

- Respiratory problems causing fast breathing increase fluid loss.

- Any condition that causes fever may lead to excess sweating.

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What's Up Doc: Keep your family hydrated and healthy

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