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You've probably seen bee pollen all over Instagram, sprinkled on top of delicious smoothies and acai bowls. But bee pollen has been around for centuries, used most commonly in Chinese medicine, and is as old as beekeeping itself. If you're intrigued by this yellow powdered and it's potential health benefits, read on to learn everything you need to know, including its nutrition facts.

Serving Size 1 Tablespoon

According to the Natural Medicines Database, bee pollen is essentially a mix of bee saliva, nectar, and plant pollen that collects on the hind legs of worker bees. The bees bring back this mixture to their hives on their bodies, then pack the pollen into honeycomb cells and it undergoes a type of fermentation. The pollen comes from different plants including buckwheat, maize, and even pine.

Since pollen can come from various plants, the composition of bee pollen may vary based on the plant source and even geographic region. Bee pollen is different from bee venom or honey, but is still a form of apitherapy, which is a type of alternative therapy highlighting products that come directly from honeybees. In terms of nutrition profile, literature on bee pollen suggests that up to 50% of bee pollen can be made of polysaccharides (a.k.a complex carbohydrates). It is also composed of lipids, protein, simple sugars, vitamin C, carotenoids, phytochemicals, and flavonoids including quercetin and asrutin.

There are several other purported benefits of bee pollen, including improved athletic performance and weight loss, but there is insufficient evidence at this time to validate these claims in current research.

Enrique Daz / 7ceroGetty Images

You can try bee pollen as a garnish on oatmeal, yogurt, chia pudding, acai or smoothie bowls. You can even use it as a garnish on homemade dark chocolate bark or in homemade granola. The flavor of bee pollen does depend on the type of flower the pollen came from, but it generally has a floral and slightly bitter, but sweet flavor. If you do start using bee pollen, do so in moderation and start with 1/4 teaspoon at a time. You can gradually increase this to up to 1 tablespoon per day.

The bottom line: Bee pollen is likely safe for most individuals to consume in small quantities and in moderation, with the exception of the at-risk populations listed above. But bee pollen is not a miracle cure and research is still ongoing, plus the current research supporting its benefits is limited mostly to animal studies. For a small boost in antioxidants and flavor, bee pollen can make a yummy and nutritious addition to any smoothie bowl or yogurt parfait.

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What Is Bee Pollen? - Bee Pollen Benefits, Risks, and Nutrition - GoodHousekeeping.com

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Heres the skinny on giving unsolicited weight-loss comments: Dont.

We all sawthat pictureof Adele two weeks ago, ending a lengthy social media break to thank frontline workers for their efforts in the fight against COVID-19. But her message of gratitude was quickly overshadowed because Adele looksdifferent. And by different, I mean thinner.

The internet lit up with comments about Adeles appearance, but also about the response to it. For every doesnt she look great? there was a shes always been beautiful! There were angry admonitions about equating skinny with pretty, and hot debates on when, and if, weight and health are connected.

My personal opinion is that Adele has always been stunning, particularly during those times that her voice has gripped my heart, and not let go until her very last note. More importantly, I think that were not doing ourselves any favours when we provide unsolicited feedback on someone elses weight. I would go so far as to say this behaviour can be harmful, and I know this from personal experience.

A few years ago, I switched up my lifestyle to involve more exercise and smaller food portions. I never had weight loss in mindmy goal was to get fitter and healthier, wherever that took me. And over time, my asthma symptoms improved and my joints stopped hurting. As my resting heart rate dropped, my anxiety symptoms lessened.

Read this next: Quarantine 15 Memes Reveal Just How Fatphobic We Are

I also lost about 50 pounds, and people noticed. I would walk into a room and be complimented on how good I looked. I would post a photo on Instagram and my screen would light up with notifications. My circle remarked on everything from how small my arms were getting to how much thinner my face was.

At first, I loved the attention. It was validating. The work I was putting into my health could be sensed by others in some tangible way and it felt positive and motivating. But people were responding to my weight, not my health, and I began to post before-and-after photos. Me holding my baby years ago, versus me at the gym today. Me holding up a pair of too-big pants, next to a photo of me wearing those pants months before. I was the weight loss commercial, the success story.

Eventually, though, I needed to increase the dose of my anxiety medication and I noticed my clothes getting tighter within weeks. I immediately began to experience a feeling of utter failure. In our society, were taught that weight loss equals good and weight gain equals bad and I had changed sides. Larger people grew up with the same messaging as our skinnier counterparts and we internalized that discrimination. Therefore, we can quickly turn on ourselves, just as I did.

Fatphobia is an undeniable and deeply ingrained part of our culture. Fat people are seen as ugly, unlovable, dumb, goofy, clumsy, greedy and unhealthy sidekicks to the thin people in their lives. Up until very recently, we were never sexy, never the hero, never the centre of attention in movies, TV and other media. Even now, its the rare exception that a bigger person gets a lead role in a production or becomes a famous recording artist. Comedians will sometimes get a pass, too, but only because their humour falls in line with our expectation of fat people. Its good that were making headway, but acceptance of larger bodies is precarious at best. Fatphobia is everywhere, always, and those of us with larger bodies feel it; not only from the outside, but often from within, too.

Read this next:When You Call Yourself Fat, Youre Not Only Insulting Yourself

Theres a reason why the global weight management industry was worthUS$1.89 billionin 2018: Its not terribly effective. Scientists estimate that between 90 and 95 percent of people who lose weight will have regained it in five years time. The body is far better at temporarily shedding fat than keeping it off, making many of us lifelong diet industry users. That is fatphobia in a nutshell.

Even at my lightest weight, I wasnt exactly thin, and I likely never will be. I have Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS), a hormonal issue that can, among other things, have a profound effect on metabolism, making it harder to lose pounds and keep them off. This, coupled with genetics, is probably why I still weigh over 200 pounds, no matter what I do.

When it comes to body mass, we all have a set point, and without constant effort, most of us will wind up in a fairly small weight range. Age, illness, medications, stress, and other issues can affect our metabolisms too, leaving those who are genetically predisposed to being larger facing that truth again and again.

Reading this might make skinny people, or even those of average weight, defensive. This isnt true! I think all bodies are beautiful! might be your reaction. And maybe thats true on the surface. But ask yourself this: When was the last time you complimented someone on gaining weight? Im going to guess never. Its not something we do in polite society. Thats because pointing out increased body weight risks causing offense, because being fat is often considered offensive.

Complimenting weight loss, on the other hand, is almost always welcome. It was to me. Deep down, I didnt want to be fat. I had experienced the pain of judgment my entire life, and the idea of escaping it was far more appetizing than extra calories. But I was trying to play a game I had very little hope of winning.

Read this next:What Were Really Saying When We Say Jonah Hill Looks Good

Let me be crystal clear: There is nothing wrong with losing weight. People do it all the time for their own reasons, and if they want to celebrate it, good for them. Im still a handful of dress sizes smaller than I used to be, and Id be lying if I said I didnt appreciate that my knees no longer hurt when I climb the stairs and Im not winded at the top. Finding more clothing that fits and chairs that dont press painfully against my outer thighs reminds me how the world is designed for smaller bodies. Living within the ranges of what is deemed average has made my life easier. But statistically, I might not stay in this range forever. What then? How will I feel about being outside the margins again?

I wont presume to know how Adele feels about her weight loss, what she did to achieve it, what her plan is for maintaining it, or whether she was hoping for the reaction she received by posting her photo. For many reasons, including her wealth and privilege, she is in a better position than most to be in that five percent of successful weight-loss maintainers.

But if she isnt, it will be viewed by some as personal failure. The world will be unkind. Many of the once-affirming comments will turn negative and nasty. And if shes like most of us here on Planet Earth, that will hurt.

Which is why I wish wed all stop offering commentary on strangers bodies, especially women. Thats the way to create a world where we really do appreciate highly variant forms of beauty, in which someones weight loss, or gain, matters less than their talent, altruism, kindness, wisdom or compassion.

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Dont Comment on Anybodys Weight, Even If Theyre Famous - FLARE

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Industry Insight of Testosterone Replacement Therapy Market

The study of the Testosterone Replacement Therapy market by Reports and Data delivers the market overview and trends along with the key factors and parameters affecting it in both the short and long run. The study delivers a 360 view of the industry. These insights will help the readers take strategic business decisions and formulate better business plans for increased profitability. Additionally, the study helps venture capitalists understand companies profiles better and make informed decisions.

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Actavis (Allergan)

Bayer

Novartis

Teva

Mylan

Upsher-Smith

Ferring Pharmaceuticals

Kyowa Kirin

Acerus Pharmaceuticals

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Gels

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Patches

Other

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Europe

Asia Pacific

Latin America

Middle East & Africa

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This report gives information about the Testosterone Replacement Therapy business overview, product overview, market share, supply chain analysis, demand and supply ratio, and import/export details.

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The Testosterone Replacement Therapy market depicts some parameters like production value, Testosterone Replacement Therapy marketing strategy analysis, Distributors/Traders, and effect factors.

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Thank you for reading this article; you can also get individual chapter-wise sections or region-wise reports specifically for the regions of North America, Europe, Asia Pacific, Latin America, or Middle East & Africa.

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Impact of Covid-19 on Testosterone Replacement Therapy 2020-2027 with Focusing Key players like AbbVie, Endo International, Eli lilly, etc - 3rd Watch...

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For a time, Lance Armstrong was a sports legend, an exceptional athlete who beat cancer and went on to win the Tour de France a record seven times.

But Armstrong's story was a myth, his career propped up by illegal drugs and procedures designed to give him an advantage against his competition. While rumors had persisted about Armstrong for years, it was not until 2011 that a 60 Minutes report revealed the extent of Armstrong's doping.

At the time, a federal investigation was looking into Armstrong's use of performance-enhancing drugs. A grand jury had been hearing secret testimony from some of Armstrong's former teammates on the U.S. Postal Service team, including one of his most prominent support riders, Tyler Hamilton.

In a 60 Minutes interview, Hamilton told 60 Minutes correspondent Scott Pelley that Armstrong not only took performance-enhancing drugs, but he also encouraged his team to use them. An excerpt from that report can be seen in the video above.

"He took what we all took, really no difference between Lance Armstrong and I'd say the majority of the peloton, you know," Hamilton said. "There was EPO. There was testosterone. And I did see a transfusion, a blood transfusion."

EPO refers to erythropoietin, a banned hormone that regulates red blood cell production. The blood transfusions, also known as "blood doping," was another method some riders used to boost their red blood cells. In blood doping, which is banned by the sport's governing body, a rider gives his own blood, stores it, and then, at a critical point in a race, transfuses the blood back into his body.

Hamilton told Pelley he watched a transfusion going back into Armstrong's blood during the 2000 Tour de France race.

"But I was transfusing blood," Hamilton said. "And my teammate was. And I guarantee you every other team had probably two or three riders that were doing the same thing. I'd bet my life on it."

Armstrong had declined to speak with Pelley. After the report aired, Armstrong's lawyers demanded an on-air apology from 60 Minutes.

"In the cold light of morning, your story was either extraordinarily shoddy, to the point of being reckless and unprofessional, or a vicious hit-and-run job," Armstrong's attorney Elliot Peters wrote. "In either case, a categorical on-air apology is required."

CBS News stood by the report, saying in a statement: "Lance Armstrong and his lawyers were given numerous opportunities to respond to every detail of our reporting for weeks prior to the broadcast and their written responses were fairly and accurately included in the story. Mr. Armstrong still has not addressed charges by teammates Tyler Hamilton and George Hincapie that he used performance enhancing drugs with them."

In January 2013, less than two years after the 60 Minutes report aired, Armstrong admitted to doping during each of his Tour de France wins.

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The 60 Minutes report that helped reveal Lance Armstrong doping - CBS News

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Inheritingthe adrenal-permissive HSD3B1genotype may be associated with earlier development of castration resistantdisease and shorter overall survival (OS) among white men with low-volumemetastatic castration-sensitive prostate cancer (mCSPC), according to a newstudy published in JAMA Oncology.1

Thefindings suggest that the HSD3B1genotype can be used to risk stratify white men with low-volume metastatic prostatecancer, investigators concluded.

Ateam led by Nima Sharifi, MD, Director of the Genitourinary MalignanciesResearch Center at the Case Comprehensive Cancer Center in Cleveland examinedwhether the inheritance of the adrenal-permissive HSD3B1(1245C) allele is associated with probable worse clinicaloutcomes in men treated with androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) with or withoutdocetaxel for mCSPC. They examined clinical outcomes in a phase 3 clinicaltrial of castration compared with castration plus docetaxel.

Wefound that Caucasian men with low-volume metastatic prostate cancer who inheritthe adrenal-permissive HSD3B1 alleledevelop castration-resistant prostate cancer more rapidly and have shorteroverall survival from the time of castration therapy, with or withoutdocetaxel, said corresponding author.

Ina series of previous studies, investigators found that a more active inheritedversion of the adrenal-permissive HSD3B1 allelewas associated with conversion of adrenal precursor steroids to potentandrogens (testosterone and dihydrotestosterone). For the current study, Dr Sharifiand colleagues looked at 475 genotyped white men with mCSPC treated in theE3805 CHAARTED (Chemohormonal Therapy vs Androgen Ablation Randomized Trial forExtensive Disease in Prostate Cancer) trial.2

While the study showed that the adrenal-permissive genotype was associated with significantly shorter time to castration-resistant disease and significantly lower OS in men with low-volume disease, it did not show any association between genotype and outcomes in men with high-volume disease. E3805 CHAARTED was conducted from July 2006 to December 31, 2012 and included 790 men (of whom 527 had available DNA samples).All men were randomized to castration plus docetaxel 75 mg/m2 every 3 weeks for 6 cycles, or castration alone. The mean age was 63 years.

Thecurrent analysis included 475 white men with DNA samples and it showed that 270(56.8%) of them had inherited the adrenal-permissive genotype. Among men withlow-volume disease, freedom from castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) at2 years was reduced in men with the adrenal-permissive genotype compared withthose who had the adrenal-restrictive genotype (51% vs 70.5%). OS at 5 yearsalso was lower among men with the adrenal-permissive genotype (57.5% vs 70.8%).The adrenal-permissive genotype was significantly associated with a nearly1.9-fold increased risk for CRPC and 1.7-fold increased risk for death.

Rightnow, we do not use genetic information to determine the time and type ofhormonal therapy used for the treatment of advanced prostate cancer, DrSharifi told Renal & Urology News.Our study, which shows a clear inherited genetic determinant of clinicaloutcomes after castration therapy and has a clearly defined mechanism, is astep toward distinguishing between different types of prostate cancer anddetermining the best treatment for each genetic group.

Themedian follow-up time was 64.4 months for the low-volume group and 42.6 monthsfor the high-volume group. As far as they are aware, the results represent thefirst prospective apparent support of the importance of the HSD3B1 genotype with respect to clinicaloutcomes, and they are concordant with previous retrospective studies, DrSharifi and colleagues noted.

MichaelWhalen, MD, Assistant Professor of Urology at the George Washington UniversitySchool of Medicine and Health Sciences in Washington, DC, said given these new findingsand the fact that an inhibitor of adrenal androgens exists in thearmamentarium, this allele should certainly continue to be examined as part ofthe germline analysis in future prospective clinical trials. Still, based on thepurported mechanism of HSD3B1, hesaid, it would have been interesting and meaningful for the authors of thecurrent study to have reported on the patients circulating levels of adrenalandrogens, DHEA,and androstenedione, or even intratumoral levels of these hormones to assesstheir impact in the tumor microenvironment.

Thefindings of the study dovetail well with the recent National ComprehensiveCancer Network Prostate Cancer Guidelines 2020 to recommend germline testing toall de novo metastatic prostatecancer patients, Dr Whalen said. Although more work has to be done, this iscertainly a step in the right direction toward precision medicine to tailortreatments based on expectations for success as derived by analysis of apatients genetic code.

HeatherH. Cheng, MD, PhD, Associate Professor of Genitourinary Medical Oncology at theUniversity of Washington in Seattle, said the new findings will need to beconfirmed in prospective trials with a much more diverse cohort. Given thepreponderance in white men, the study highlights the need for a collectiveeffort in identifying similarly promising findings in diverse populations, DrCheng said. Incorporating the HSD3B1 allele as a stratification factor forlow-volume metastatic prostate cancer in future prospective randomized trialswill be a key step in confirming these findings and in further defining its clinicalutility.

Prostatecancer is complex, and this complexity increases as the disease progresses,observed Maha Hussain, MD, Professor of Medicine in the Division of HematologyOncology at Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, where she isDirector of the Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center. While over 90% ofmen will respond to androgen deprivation therapy, we also know that outcomesare variable in metastatic hormone sensitive prostate cancer and that diseaseburden and location clearly matter, Dr Hussain said. In addition, aside fromdisease burden and location it is still unclear what specifically impacts the magnitudeand duration of response, she said.

Theresults from this prospective study are very interesting and certainly providesome insights into the biology [of mCSPC] and why we see variable outcomes evenin patients with low-volume disease, Dr Hussain said. Nevertheless, even though the freedom fromCRPC at 2 years and OS at 5 years was lower in men with low-volume disease withthe adrenal-permissive versus adrenal-restrictive genotype, these differencesdo not justify therapy change at this time outside of clinical trials.

References

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HSD3B1 Genotype Tied to Worse Outcomes in Low-Volume mCSPC - Renal and Urology News

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LL Cool J has argued that he paved the way for a number of modern rappers who approach certain themes, singling out Drake, Fabolous and Jadakiss.

Discussing his 1987 hit I Need Love, one of the first sensitive hip-hop tracks to become a hit, the rapper remembered a lot of friction when the track was released.

Back then, it was really conservative and if the energy wasnt testosterone, like Im punching you in your face, kicking the door down, you dont get a lot of credit, he told Complex.

In hip hop, you only get brownie points for creativity within certain parameters When you try to go outside of that box, if its anything thats not considered 1000% street, [you get] no credit.

Later in the interview, LL said he was glad that it created a genre, before singling out some of the rappers he believes hes inspired.

Going on to address direct comparisons to Drake, LL said: Were very different artists because I have a lot of hard records and Im very diverse, he continued. But in that aspect of my career, it paved the way for guys like that who Im happy for. I like a lot of his music too.

Drake meanwhile, apologised last week for referring to Kylie Jenner as his side-piece in a track hed released a few days earlier.

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LL Cool J says he paved the way for Drake to rap about his feelings - NME

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GettyLance Armstrong admitted to taking EPO and other drugs during his cycling career.

After years of denial, former cyclist Lance Armstrong admitted to doping during a 2013 interview with Oprah. Armstrong admitted to taking EPO, doping his blood and using other banned substances such as testosterone. The former cyclist described taking a cocktail which included EPO, transfusions and testosterone.

I viewed it as very simple, Armstrong explained to Oprah (via BBC transcript). There were things that were oxygen-supplying drugs that were beneficial for cycling. My cocktail was EPO, but not a lot, transfusions and testosterone. I thought, surely Im running low [on testosterone following the cancer battle] but theres no true justification.

EPO refers to Erythropoietin which is naturally produced by the kidney as the Cleveland Clinic detailed.

Erythropoietin (EPO) is produced by the kidney and used to make red blood cells, the organization explained. Erythropoetin-stimulating agents are used often for people with long-term kidney disease and anemia.

Lance Armstrong Oprah Interview: Doping Confession to Winfrey After Years of DenialAfter years of denying doping allegations, the cyclist came clean about performance-enhancing drugs. For more on this story, click here: http://abcnews.go.com/US/lance-armstrong-confesses-doping/story?id=182440032013-01-18T15:43:09Z

The benefits of taking EPO involved the oxygen that is able to go to the users muscles.

An increase in red blood cells improves the amount of oxygen that the blood can carry to the bodys muscles, the World Anti-Doping Agency explained.

The organization also noted that testing measures have been enhanced. The World Anti-Doping Agency admitted that earlier testing that was introduced in 2000 allowed a large number of EPO abusers to escape detection.

The conservative approach used in the initial phase of implementation of the method allowed a large number of EPO abusers to escape detection.

Consistent with the advancing science in anti-doping, work is done on an ongoing basis on all detection methods to refine their sensitivity and the interpretation of results. In the case of EPO, based on expert consensus, new interpretation criteria are introduced as science advances for a more discriminant reading of EPO results.

Effects of erythropoietin on cycling performance of well-trained cyclistsResults from a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial. Animation by Folkert van Meurs. Read the Article at: http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lanhae/article/PIIS2352-3026(17)30105-9/abstract Published: June 29, 20172017-07-17T14:28:27Z

Armstrong discusses his decision to dope in detail in the new ESPN documentary LANCE. According to Esquire, the former cyclist referred to EPO as a safe drug during one of his extensive interviews in the documentary.

In many waysand this is not going to be a popular answerEPO is a safe drug, Armstrong noted, per Esquire. Assuming certain things, assuming [it is] taken properly, taken under the guidance of a medical professional, taken in conservative amounts There are far worse things you can put in your body.

Armstrong cited a corrupt culture in the sport during his 2013 interview with Oprah where he finally admitted to wrongdoing. The former cyclist implied that he was not alone in cheating when he was racing and admitted he did not think anyone could win without doping.

Not in that generation, and Im not here to talk about others in that generation, Armstrong noted (via BBC). Its been well-documented. I didnt invent the culture, but I didnt try to stop the culture, and thats my mistake, and thats what I have to be sorry for, and thats what something and the sport is now paying the price because of that. So I am sorry for that. I didnt have access to anything else that nobody else did.

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Lance Armstrong Doping: What Kind of Drugs Did He Take? - Heavy.com

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Its said that acupuncture can alleviate stress, physical pain, allergies, addictions, and even PMS, but can it really aid weight loss too?

Obviously, we have a huge obesity epidemic and were trying to find any way to help people lose weight, says Reshmi Srinath, MD, assistant professor of medicine, endocrinology, diabetes, and bone disease at Mount Sinai. Unfortunately, she notes that there arent enough controlled, randomized studies proving a direct link between weight loss and acupuncture.

Dr. Srinath notes that theres data showing a direct correlation between pain alleviation and lowered stress levels, and, as weve pointed out in the past, stress is linked to weight gain .

One of the few studies done on this subject, published in The Scientific World Journal in 2012, found that 196 obese subjects who received acupuncture, the majority did lose weight over the six-week trial period, but only when treatment was coupled with diet restriction.

"Acupuncture isn't magic," says Daniel Hsu , licensed acupuncturist and founder of New York AcuHealth Acupuncture practice. "It doesn't make fat melt off of your body, but studies show it can affect the part of the brain that feels hunger."

In addition to reducing hunger, Hsu says that acupuncture activates your "feel-good" neurotransmitters, which can reduce stress, and possibly help you lose weight as a result of that lowered stress. The exact process differs from patient to patient, but a lot of points on the ears are related to curbing hunger, he says.

And if you're wondering if one acupuncture session is enough to see results, think of it this way: You wouldn't see results from going to the gym one time either. Generally, Hsu recommends that patients seeking weight loss of around 10 to 15 pounds should receive treatment for six to eight weeks, several times a week in the beginning, and taper off visits as time passes. In order to see success, he emphasizes that you have to be in the correct mindset.

In general, if someone feels that acupuncture improves their quality of life, then that might lead them to make better choices regarding diet and exercise , which ultimately, could help them lose weight. However, weve yet to see any substantial data that proves receiving acupuncture treatment alone correlates to weight loss. According to the experts, it's best to seek acupuncture in order to alleviate other ailments that might be standing in your way.

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Can Acupuncture Really Help You Lose Weight? We Asked The Experts - Pulse Live Kenya

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When researchers asked prospective study participants who they would like to see in videos promoting healthy lifestyle behaviors, the answer was unequivocal: They wanted to see themselves that is, other mothers living in low-income households who were overweight or obese.

The researchers obliged. And the intervention they designed produced the desired results when it came to improving participants diet. As a group, the women in the study who watched the videos and talked to their peers over 16 weeks were more likely to have reduced their fat consumption than women in a comparison group who were given print materials about lifestyle change.

The participants were women who face stubborn health challenges highly stressed overweight low-income mothers of young children who, for example, tend to retain 10 or more pounds of pregnancy weight after childbirth and are likely to eat high-fat foods. They are at risk for life-long obesity and potential problems for themselves and new babies if they become pregnant again.

I asked them during focus groups who should be in the videos, and they said, We want to see us. And our children. Do not lie to us and hire professionals, because well be able to tell, said Mei-Wei Chang, lead author of the study and associate professor of nursing at The Ohio State University.

They said, We want to see them before the change and the struggles they had, and what happened after that.

Chang and colleagues identified two factors that led to the interventions success: The study was designed to appeal to the participants personal values and instill in these mothers enough confidence to take on the challenge of living a healthier life.

My experience with this population is that they really want to make a change. Some might perceive that they dont want to. But they do they just dont know how to, Chang said.

The research is published online in the journal Appetite and will appear in the August print issue.

The two psychosocial factors Chang and colleagues examined in this study are known as autonomous motivation (whats important in a persons life) and self-efficacy (a persons confidence in her ability to carry out a behavior or task). Previous research has shown that poverty can lead to low self-efficacy.

Autonomous motivation differs by population. In this study, the participants told researchers in focus groups before the intervention began that they wanted to be role models for their children. They hoped to be less stressed and happier, and to maintain good family relationships.

Chang recruited participants from the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC), which serves low-income pregnant, postpartum and breastfeeding women and children up to age 5. Those eligible for the program must have an annual household income no higher than 185 percent of the federal poverty line.

The mothers were between the ages of 18 and 39 and their body mass index ranged from 25.0 to 39.9 from the lowest indicator of being overweight to just below the extreme obesity range. The intervention was aimed at preventing weight gain by promoting stress management, healthy eating and physical activity. This study analyzed only the diet-related results.

During the trial, the 212 participants randomized into the intervention group watched a total of 10 videos in which women like them gave testimonials about healthy eating and food preparation, managing their stress and being physically active.

In the videos, the women wore casual clothes and told their stories, unscripted. They demonstrated meal prep with familiar foods and showed that simple, practical steps like reading food labels could gradually lead to a healthier lifestyle.

They talked about a lot of things I didnt know, said Chang, who has worked with women enrolled in WIC for about 20 years. They spoke their mind about what was important like how they mentally dealt with changing behavior but not losing weight. And about being afraid to fail.

The participants also dialed in to 10 peer support group teleconferences over the course of the study.

In phone interviews, the researchers asked the mothers about what they were eating, their confidence in sticking to a low-fat diet and why they wanted to eat more healthfully.

Based on those surveys, the researchers determined that, compared to the group reading print materials, the mothers who watched videos and spoke with their peers reported larger increases in autonomous motivation and self-efficacy and a more significant decrease in fat intake after the 16-week intervention.

Essentially, they said, If she could do it, I could do it. Thats why we used peers to develop the intervention, Chang said.

The researchers are still analyzing data related to physical activity results, and have found that the interventions emphasis on coping self-efficacy helped reduce participants stress. The videos are now part of WICs continuing education series for mothers.

This work was supported by the National Institutes of Health.

Co-authors included Alai Tan and Duane Wegener from Ohio State and Jiying Ling and Lorraine Robbins from Michigan State University.

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Inspiring stories from women like themselves helped these moms improve their diet - The Ohio State University News

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This article was originally published here

Association of dietary vitamin K and risk of coronary heart disease in middle-age adults: the Hordaland Health Study Cohort.

BMJ Open. 2020 May 21;10(5):e035953

Authors: Haugsgjerd TR, Egeland GM, Nygrd OK, Vinknes KJ, Sulo G, Lysne V, Igland J, Tell GS

AbstractOBJECTIVE: The role of vitamin K in the regulation of vascular calcification is established. However, the association of dietary vitamins K1 and K2 with risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) is inconclusive.DESIGN: Prospective cohort study.SETTING: We followed participants in the community-based Hordaland Health Study from 1997 1999 through 2009 to evaluate associations between intake of vitamin K and incident (new onset) CHD. Baseline diet was assessed by a past-year food frequency questionnaire. Energy-adjusted residuals of vitamin K1 and vitamin K2 intakes were categorised into quartiles.PARTICIPANTS: 2987 Norwegian men and women, age 46-49 years.METHODS: Information on incident CHD events was obtained from the nationwide Cardiovascular Disease in Norway (CVDNOR) Project. Multivariable Cox regression estimated HRs and 95% CIs with test for linear trends across quartiles. Analyses were adjusted for age, sex, total energy intake, physical activity, smoking and education. A third model further adjusted K1 intake for energy-adjusted fibre and folate, while K2 intake was adjusted for energy-adjusted saturated fatty acids and calcium.RESULTS: During a median follow-up time of 11 years, we documented 112 incident CHD cases. In the adjusted analyses, there was no association between intake of vitamin K1 and CHD (HRQ4vsQ1 = 0.92 (95% CI 0.54 to 1.57), p for trend 0.64), while there was a lower risk of CHD associated with higher intake of energy-adjusted vitamin K2 (HRQ4vsQ1 = 0.52 (0.29 to 0.94), p for trend 0.03). Further adjustment for potential dietary confounders did not materially change the association for K1, while the association for K2 was slightly attenuated (HRQ4vsQ1 = 0.58 (0.28 to 1.19)).CONCLUSIONS: A higher intake of vitamin K2 was associated with lower risk of CHD, while there was no association between intake of vitamin K1 and CHD.TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: NCT03013725.

PMID: 32444431 [PubMed as supplied by publisher]

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Association of dietary vitamin K and risk of coronary heart disease in middle-age adults: the Hordaland Health Study Cohort. - DocWire News

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