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Challenges of human nutrition research – Science Magazine
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In 1945, a domiciled feeding study carried out at the University of Minnesota involved participants being fed a semistarvation diet.
Nutrition is fundamentally important for human health (1), but there is widespread public confusion about what constitutes a healthy diet. Flip-flopping headlines report conflicting information about whether individual foods (e.g., butter, eggs, meat), nutrients (e.g., saturated fat, cholesterol, sodium), or eating patterns (e.g., Mediterranean versus ketogenic diets) result in improved, worsened, or unchanged health. However, public confusion about nutrition belies expert consensus regarding important aspects of healthy diets. For example, it is widely agreed that Western diets high in ultra-processed food are deleterious and that considerable health improvements would likely result from shifting the population toward eating mostly minimally processed foods (2). But expert consensus erodes when discussing detailed questions of optimal human nutrition or the physiological mechanisms underlying the body's response to diet changes. Rigorous controlled feeding studies would help to address such questions and advance human nutrition science, a field whose overall veracity has recently been questioned (3, 4).
Much of the criticism of nutrition science has been directed at nutritional epidemiology, a field that investigates associations between diet and health outcomes in large numbers of people. Although nutritional epidemiology has ardent defenders (5, 6), its critics suggest that it is plagued by measurement error, reverse causality, selection bias, weak effects, analytical flexibility, and unmeasured or residual confounders that can result in spurious relationships between diet variables and health outcomes (7). Increased funding for large, long-term randomized diet intervention trials has been suggested as a way to mitigate reliance on nutritional epidemiology and improve causal inference about the effects of diet on human health (8). However, such trials have their own challenges, including the impracticality of randomizing large numbers of people to eat different diets for months or years while ensuring high levels of adherence throughout.
Indeed, most randomized diet intervention trials do not actually study the effects of different diets; rather, they investigate the effects of differing diet advice. In other words, subjects are randomized to receive education and support to consume diets that are assigned by the investigators. Although diet-advice trials assess real-world effectiveness, their results conflate adherence to a given diet with the effects of that diet.
Knowledge about the effects of diet per se is required for advancement of fundamental nutrition science. However, studies in free-living people have a limited ability to provide such knowledge because it is not currently possible to accurately and objectively quantify their food intake. Indeed, most human nutrition studies rely on self-reported diet measures that are known to have systematic biases, such as underestimation of energy intake. Furthermore, errors in self-reported diet measurements may be associated with other variables (e.g., socioeconomic status) or health outcomes (e.g., obesity) that can result in biased associations (9).
Rather than relying on self-reported diet assessments, some diet intervention trials provide food to their free-living subjects, but these studies seldom verify whether all the food is eaten. Even when subjects are instructed to eat only the food provided by the study, substantial quantities of off-study food may be consumed amounting to several hundred kilocalories per day that can confound study results (10, 11). To understand how these challenges impede the progress of human nutrition science, imagine trying to develop a new drug without being confident that researchers could administer known quantities of the drug or measure its pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, or dose response. Successful pharmaceutical development requires such studies because they investigate benefits and risks of the drug under highly controlled conditions where questions of patient adherence are minimized because the researchers administer the drug. The inability to conduct such trials would severely impede the drug development process. Why should human nutrition science be expected to advance without the benefit of well-controlled diet efficacy studies?
Therefore, it is important to conduct human nutrition studies where subjects can comfortably reside at a research facility, thereby allowing investigators to control and objectively measure their food intake. Subjects enrolled in such domiciled feeding studies are required to stay at the research facility for periods of days, weeks, or months without leaving to ensure that they consume the provided food under observation while avoiding exposure to off-study food.
Domiciled feeding studies have a long history of yielding important discoveries about human nutrition and metabolism. For example, many of the physiological responses to starvation and nutritional rehabilitation were revealed in a controlled feeding study of 32 male volunteers who simultaneously resided at the University of Minnesota for a continuous 48-week period during the Second World War (12) (see the photo). The subjects were fed a baseline diet for 12 weeks followed by a 24-week semistarvation diet, after which they were fed several rehabilitation diets for the final 12 weeks. The resulting detailed physiological and psychological measurements in response to known diets would have been impossible had the subjects not been domiciled during this classic study.
Unfortunately, domiciled feeding studies have become prohibitively expensive in the United States since the National Institutes of Health ceased directly funding Clinical Research Centers (13). Very few centers around the world currently conduct domiciled feeding studies, and their study populations often comprise students, staff, and faculty, which limits their generalizability. Furthermore, the few facilities conducting domiciled feeding studies are typically limited to housing and feeding only a handful of subjects at a time, which restricts their power and duration.
Such limitations are surmountable. Investment in research facilities for domiciled feeding studies could provide the infrastructure and staff required to simultaneously house and feed dozens of subjects comfortably and safely. One possibility would be to create centralized domiciled feeding facilities that could enable teams of researchers from around the world to recruit a wide range of subjects and efficiently conduct rigorous human nutrition studies that currently can only be performed on a much smaller scale in a handful of existing facilities.
Well-designed domiciled feeding studies can increase the rigor of human nutrition science and elucidate the fundamental mechanisms by which diet affects human physiology. For example, such studies can investigate complex interactions among changes in diet, the microbiota, and its role in modulating host physiology. The effects of meal timing and circadian biology could be advanced by enabling precisely controlled periods for eating and sleeping. Personalized nutrition and nutrient-genomic interaction studies could be facilitated by reducing the usual noise of unknown diet variability to focus on individual physiological variability in response to controlled diets. Nutrient requirements and their dependence on overall dietary and physical activity patterns could be assessed in a variety of populations of men and women of different ethnicities and ages. The effects of diet on physical and cognitive performance could also be carefully evaluated. Comprehensive assessment of the effects of diet interventions on common health conditions such as obesity, metabolic syndrome, and type 2 diabetes, as well as rare diseases such as those that result from inborn errors of metabolism, could also be rigorously determined in domiciled subjects.
Although domiciled feeding studies can provide important mechanistic insights, their artificial environment may limit generalizability and application to free-living populations. Furthermore, domiciled feeding studies alone are insufficient for determining what constitutes a healthy diet because it is impossible to continuously house for several years the large numbers of subjects that would be required to objectively measure both food intake and clinical endpoints, such as cardiovascular events or diabetes progression. Therefore, long-term nutrition studies in free-living people will always be required.
Nonetheless, domiciled feeding studies can help to improve long-term human nutrition studies. For example, the development and validation of objective diet assessment technologies requires domiciled feeding studies because the only way to objectively know what people eat is to house them continuously in a research facility and directly measure their food intake. Advancement of objective diet assessment technologies has been identified as a top priority for human nutrition science (14) and promising new technologies are emerging, such as sensors and cameras that detect food intake. Biomarkers of diet are also being developed, such as plasma concentrations of vitamin C and carotenoids as indicators of fruit and vegetable intake. Domiciled feeding studies can validate objective diet assessment technologies and biomarkers in diverse subject groups consuming a variety of known diets. These validated technologies and standardized biomarkers can then be deployed in large, long-term nutrition studies to monitor diet adherence and improve understanding of the relationships between diet and disease, and diet and health.
Domiciled feeding studies can also help researchers to design and interpret large, long-term nutrition studies. For example, surrogate biomarkers of disease risk often change rapidly in response to controlled diet interventions. When surrogate markers are causally related to disease risk, then it may be possible to cautiously extrapolate the results of domiciled feeding studies, especially those that test dose responses, and to estimate the effects of diet changes on long-term disease risk. Such information can be useful for planning long-term randomized diet trials by helping to avoid underpowered studies whose null statistical results might be misinterpreted to conclude that the diet had no real effect when even a small undetected effect might be important, especially on the population scale.
For example, prior to devoting many millions of dollars to a large, long-term randomized trial of a Westernized Mediterranean diet intended to prevent cardiovascular disease, domiciled feeding studies could be used to help develop and validate biomarkers of varying degrees of adherence to the dietary pattern while also evaluating surrogate markers of disease risk in response to known diet changes. For a relatively small fraction of the overall investment, data from such a domiciled feeding study could be used to help plan and interpret the results of the large, long-term randomized trial.
The advancement of human nutrition science has enormous benefits for health and the economy (15). Knowledge of nutrition requires triangulation of evidence from a variety of study designs, including observational studies and randomized trials in free-living people. Facilitating more domiciled feeding studies will lead to fundamental new discoveries about the mechanistic physiological responses to diet and will improve human nutrition research in all its forms.
Acknowledgments: Thanks to N. K. Fukagawa, M. B. Katan, K. C. Klatt, P. Ohukainen, M. L. Reitman, and E. J. Weiss for insightful comments. Supported by the Intramural Research Program of the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases.
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Challenges of human nutrition research - Science Magazine
5 Most Common Reasons People Give Up On Their Diet – Taste Terminal
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Posted by webadmin on March 19th, 2020 | Add Comments
Many people find themselves wanting to go on a diet to lose extra pounds gained over the holidays. Gym membership skyrocket around January or February, and Google searches for the latest diets are on the rise as people seek to shrink their waistlines. Yet, after a few months, most people have quit their diets and or up to the same eating and exercise habits. So, what is it that makes people give up?
Take a look at some of the most common reasons why people call it quits on their diets and what you can do to change your fate.
Lack Of Patience
In todays society, many people expect instant results. Far too many people have unrealistic expectations of the progress they can make in a short time. However, the safe way to lose weight is always slow and steady rather than overnight.
Avoid stepping on the scale only a few days after starting your diet. Instead, weigh yourself once every two weeks and rely on the way that your clothes fit to see if your diet is working.
Being Too Drastic
The way to lose weight is by effectively changing your lifestyle habits. However, its important not to drastically change the way you live to the point that is impossible to keep up with period extreme diets, and elimination diets arent sustainable ways of living. Instead, try to find a diet and lifestyle choice that will work for you long term. Youll be much more likely to see and maintain the results that you want.
Binging
Often, people feel so deprived on their diets that after a few days, they give in to a binge. However, when you put in the effort of following a strict diet for several days, only two erase all your hard work with stuffing yourself, then theres no point in dieting.
Dont use cheating as a reward system once you make progress; its important to continue your restrictions until youve reached your ideal weight. At this point, you can start allowing yourself a little wiggle room.
No Diet Buddies
Studies show that people are much more likely to stick to a diet and exercise program if they have a support system. When you have a friend or family member whos taking on the same commitment as you, you can help support each other during moments of weakness when you feel like giving up. If youre surrounded by people who are eating junk food, and youre eating a salad, it wont be long until you cave. However, when youre around people that are also making the same healthy choices, it becomes much easier to stick to them.
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5 Most Common Reasons People Give Up On Their Diet - Taste Terminal
Plant-based diets may be beneficial, but only if you avoid certain foods – SlashGear
Diet Comments Off on Plant-based diets may be beneficial, but only if you avoid certain foods – SlashGear
Its no secret that eating a plant-based diet can have beneficial heart health effects for some people, but theres a catch. A new study warns that these diets are only potentially helpful for people who avoid certain foods the wrong kind of plant-based diet may eradicate the heart-healthy aspect of it, making it just as unhealthy as the average animal-based diet.
Past research has found that eating a plant-based diet or drastically reduced amounts of animal products may help protect heart health. These diets tend to focus on healthy fats, grains, nuts, leafy greens, fruit, and vegetables. However, it is possible to eat an unhealthy plant-based diet, which eliminates the benefits.
According to a new study presented by the American College of Cardiology, regularly eating things like refined grains, sugary foods, and drinking fruit juice may spoil the benefits of a plant-based diet. These people werent found to have any heart health benefits compared to people who eat animal products.
The key finding is that simply following a plant-based diet isnt enough you have to follow a healthy plant-based diet, which may not be as obvious to some as it seems. The results are based on tracking more than 2,000 adults over a 10-year period.
A healthy plant-based diet is described as one that includes larger amounts of whole grains, fruits and vegetables, nuts, oils, tea and/or coffee, and legumes. In comparison, an unhealthy plant-based diet is higher in things like fruit juice, sugary drinks, potatoes, refined grains, and sweet treats. The people who followed the first diet were found to experience significant heart benefits over participants who followed the latter plant-based diet.
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Plant-based diets may be beneficial, but only if you avoid certain foods - SlashGear
Our Best Workout and Diet Advice for People in Social Isolation – Men’s Health
Diet Comments Off on Our Best Workout and Diet Advice for People in Social Isolation – Men’s Health
THE GOOD NEWS is that your kitchen table is perfect desk height. The bad news is that its right next to two weeks worth of Cool Ranch Doritos. Pile onto that stress snacking, this Pop-Tart will comfort me thinking, a disrupted routine, and a closed gym, and thats the Quarantine 15.
But you can actually come out of this healthymaybe even better off than you started. First of all, without your usual commute time sucking up valuable minutes of your day, youve probably got a few extra minutes between hand washes to devote to self-care.
Managing what you eat and how you move isn't that removed from deciding to quarantine, practice social distancing, or otherwise dealing with this new reality. They're all a matter of deciding what mattersand making it a priority. And having the tools to make it happen. Which you do now, with the science-tested, expert-approved strategies below:
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Our Best Workout and Diet Advice for People in Social Isolation - Men's Health
Kelly Ripa Eats Her First Chewable Food of the Day Only After Recording Live Plus More Eating Habits – Us Weekly
Diet Comments Off on Kelly Ripa Eats Her First Chewable Food of the Day Only After Recording Live Plus More Eating Habits – Us Weekly
Kelly Ripa is opening up about her eating habits. The Live With Kelly and Ryan cohost is the latest star to participate in Harpers Bazaars Food Diaries series in which she revealed everything she eats in a day.
The first thing Ripa, 49, does each morning is take a glass of water and mix it with a powder made of greens in order to alkaline her digestive system. Next in the drink department is a cup of coffee blended with ghee, followed by vitamins.
Believe it or not, the popular television personality doesnt actually eat any food until after she hosts Live with Ryan Seacrest each morning. I dont have any, sort of, chewing food before I talk on the air, she explained. When were finished, what I will have is a green apple, cut up, and then I take two tablespoons of almond butter and a teaspoon of cinnamon. I blend it all together, I put the apples in there and then I eat that like a porridge, if you will. That is my first chewable food of the day.
While most people consider lunch their second meal of the day, Ripa said hers is more of a brunch, because her morning schedule is such that her lunches often occur very early in the day. I eat lunch at such a weird hour, she noted. Its really like a breakfast/lunch.
Her hybrid meal of choice? A big salad with with microgreens, avocado and toasted nuts on top.
When it comes to dinner, the All My Children alum eats a smaller version of her midday staple salad and sticks to seasonal vegetables with a plant-based protein. Her favorites include grilled or fried tofu and tahini. Drinks however, are off the table, since Ripa revealed in January 2020 that she gave up alcohol the previous year.
Given her healthy eating regimen, its no surprise that Ripa doesnt exactly buy into the whole cheat meal philosophy. I try not to have that many cheat meals, because cheat meals leads to a cheat lifestyle, she shared. At my age now, I find that it takes too much effort to get ready, so I just stay ready.
However, that doesnt mean the Hope and Faith alum doesnt indulge from time to time. On my birthday will I have cake? Of course, Im not a monster, she quipped. At Christmas do I eat cookies? Yes, Im a human being.
Continued Ripa: What I will indulge in is, like, a delicious chocolate-covered almond or chocolate-covered cashew so I still feel like theres something healthy in there.
Scroll down to see more of what Ripa eats in a day!
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Kelly Ripa Eats Her First Chewable Food of the Day Only After Recording Live Plus More Eating Habits - Us Weekly
Residue Testing Market to Receive Impetus from Increased Demand for Specialized Diet – Future Market Insights
Diet Comments Off on Residue Testing Market to Receive Impetus from Increased Demand for Specialized Diet – Future Market Insights
The residue testing market is expected reflect a steady development at a CAGR of 6.9% during the forecast period (2019-2029). As per a report published by Future Market Insight, increasing need for a specialized diet and contaminant-free packaged food is expected to push growth of the residue testing market.
Lack of awareness concerning the significance of residue testing amongst crop producers particularly in underdeveloped countries might restrict the market growth.
For more insights into the Market, request a sample of this report@https://www.futuremarketinsights.com/reports/sample/rep-gb-2083
Key Takeaways ofthe Residue Testing Market Study
Regionally, Europeaccounts for leading share in the worldwide residue testing market. On theother hand, increasing food requirement is likely to allow the APEJ market todisplay a higher pace of growth throughout the assessment period, said a lead analyst at FMI.
Strict RegulationsEnforced to Ensure Food Safety to Boost Market Growth
Strict foodand safety regulations inflicted to control food contamination and assurebetter food safety would fuel the residue testing market. Additionally, foodprocessing sectors are utilizing advanced technologies to join together withfood safety policies. This would have a positive influence on the worldwidemarket. For example, chromatography is one of the majorly employed methods totest the existence of any residue in food. Also, the food sector is nowutilizing several technologies to discover contaminants in food that can beheavy metals, toxins, pesticides, pathogens, allergens, and any other residue.
Various nations have these regulations carried out to determine the exercise of harmful pesticides, for example, in North America and Europe, the usage of pesticides is extremely regulated. These regions, as a result, offer lucrative growth prospects for the residue testing market.
We offer tailor-made solutions to fit your requirements, request customization@https://www.futuremarketinsights.com/customization-available/rep-gb-2083
Residue Testing Market: Vendors Insights
A few of theforemost participants functioning in the residue testing market are EUROLAB,Microbac Laboratories, Inc., CDC (Centers for Disease Control) and Prevention,VICAM LP, AsureQuality Laboratories, Neogen Corporation, Charm Sciences Inc.,IDEXX Laboratories Inc., Bureau Veritas S.A., Silliker Inc., Intertek Groupplc., ALS Limited, and Eurofins Scientific.
On account of growing competition, directing concentration on research and development exercises and progressed technologies. Their development strategies are moreover assisted by agreements among them and local participants. These companies are mainly centering on catering to changing customer preference all over different applications. Additionally, mergers & acquisition stays a trendy strategy amid market participants. Companies mean to increase their regional impression via strategic collaborations.
About Us
Future Market Insights (FMI) is a leading provider of market intelligence and consulting services, serving clients in over 150 countries. FMI is headquartered in London, the global financial capital, and has delivery centers in the U.S. and India. FMIs latest market research reports and industry analysis help businesses navigate challenges and take critical decisions with confidence and clarity amidst breakneck competition
Contact Us
Mr. Abhishek BudholiyaFuture Market Insights616 Corporate Way, Suite 2-9018,Valley Cottage, NY10989,United StatesT:+1-347-918-3531F: +1-845-579-5705T(UK): + 44-(0)-20-7692-8790Sales:sales@futuremarketinsights.comPress Office:Press@futuremarketinsights.comWebsite:https://www.futuremarketinsights.com/
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Residue Testing Market to Receive Impetus from Increased Demand for Specialized Diet - Future Market Insights
Kerry Washingtons Diet Includes Very Little AlcoholAnd She Prefers It That Way – Prevention.com
Diet Comments Off on Kerry Washingtons Diet Includes Very Little AlcoholAnd She Prefers It That Way – Prevention.com
At 43, Kerry Washington is looking better than everbut its not by accident. The Little Fires Everywhere star told Allure that exercise is part of her everyday life. I love to work out. Its really important to me; its part of the culture of my family, she said.
But when it comes to food, Washington is all about balance. In general in life I try to live it, not diet, she previously told People. I think thats hard when youre restricting a lot. So I try to take it easy on a daily basis and do whats going to make me feel good.
You guessed it: That includes tons of fruits and veggies. Heres a snapshot of how Washington approaches her daily diet.
One of Washingtons personal trainers, Nonna Gleyzer, told Shape that the actress has always been an extremely healthy eater.
She eats a lot of vegan products, with little clean meals throughout the day, she explained, adding that the star focuses on lean proteins and veggies.
Washington also told ELLE that shes also really into juices and smoothies, particularly from Kim Snyder. The celebrity nutritionist is known for her recipes, like this Glowing Green Smoothie, which is packed with spinach, celery, lemon juice, cilantro, and more. I try to keep it consistent year-round, Washington said.
Is there anything coconut cant do? You can cook with it, slather it onto dry hair, and even use it to remove makeup. Washington swears by it to stay hydrated, according to her trainer. She loves coconut water, which gives her potassium and important electrolytes, Gleyzer told Shape. With the long hours she works, theres really no room for her to play around. She needs to be in the best shape every single day, and she definitely is.
Youll often notice a glass of wine in Washingtons hand as she stars as Olivia Pope in Scandal. But the actress told ELLE its always grape juice in her cup, because she would never be able to remember the two-page monologues otherwise.
Im also not a drinker. I love a drink occasionally, but I wouldnt be able to handle it. You see one sip, but I have to drink three cups to get the scene done, she said. I tend to be a when in Rome drinker. With that, she doesnt particularly have a favorite beverage. When Im traveling, I drink what they have there or Ill get a special cocktail.
Instead, Washington focuses on drinking lots of water. The things my mother always stressed were to drink a lot of water and get a lot of rest, which I used to roll my eyes at, she told Oprah Magazine. Now I think shes a genius. Health and wellness really are the sources of beauty.
Well, dont we all! Apparently, Washington saves room on her menu for some sweetness. The Little Fires Everywhere star previously told Glamour that shes a fan of Sprinkles Cupcakes and Elenis Cookies.
Elenis cookies are like the crack of cookies, she told the magazine, adding that she once sent them to her Scandal castmates while they were filming. In fact, the day that I brought Elenis cookies, we were shooting in downtown L.A. and there was a robbery and a shoot-out downstairs at the store below our set, and we were like, They heard we have crack! We were only kidding about the crack in the cookies! she jokingly recalled.
Like what you just read? Youll love our magazine! Go here to subscribe. Dont miss a thing by downloading Apple News here and following Prevention. Oh, and were on Instagram too.
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Kerry Washingtons Diet Includes Very Little AlcoholAnd She Prefers It That Way - Prevention.com
High Protein Diet: This Boiled-Egg Salad Is Bursting With All Things Nice And Nutritious (Recipe Inside) – NDTV Food
Diet Comments Off on High Protein Diet: This Boiled-Egg Salad Is Bursting With All Things Nice And Nutritious (Recipe Inside) – NDTV Food
Protein-rich diet: This egg salad is a great way to fill up on proteins.
Highlights
What do you love the most about salads? In addition to its role in healthy and sustainable weight-loss, we love the fact how it does not take much time and effort to put together a salad. You can throw in your favourite fruits and veggies, toss it all up in your favourite dressing, some herbs and spices to elevate the flavour- and you are good to go! It is a myth that salads are always bland and boring, and it is also not entirely correctto say that salad is the healthiest thing you can have in the day. Everything depends upon the ingredients you choose. If you choose flavourful, fresh veggies, you would not find your salad boring. Similarly, if you cut down on fatty ingredients like creamy mayonnaise, bacon, extra cheese shavings and fried croutons, you can make your salad much healthier.
(Also Read:Street Food Of India: Craving Vada? Here Are 5 Quick And Easy Vada Recipes To Try At Home)
If you are trying to lose weight or gain muscle, it is a good idea to sneak in more protein to your diet. Consuming protein-rich foods helps induce satiety. If you are feeling full, there are fewer chances of you inching closer to high-calorie foods, thereby preventing weight gain. Protein also helps check cravings. We have a quick high-protein salad you can make in a matter of few minutes. This salad is made without any mayonnaise and the star ingredient here is the egg. Did you know, egg is touted as the best bio-available source of protein out there. In other words, it is very easy for our body to assimilate protein from eggs.
(Also Read:Healthy Diet: How Much Protein Is Enough? Celeb Nutritionist Rashi Chowdhary Reveals All About Protein)
Egg is touted as the best bio-available source of protein
Here's the recipe of boiled egg salad for protein diet. Try it at home and let us know how you liked it.
2 Boiled eggs, chopped1 tsp salt1 tsp black pepper tsp red chilly flakes tsp lemon juice1 tsp olive oilHalf cup of boiled green beans, chopped cup of tomatoes, choppedCoriander leaves, as needed
1. In a bowl take eggs, beans and tomatoes.2. Now add olive oil, black pepper, red chilly flakes, salt and lemon juice. Give it a good mix.3. Add some coriander leaves on top for freshness. Serve it.
Try this salad at home to enhance your protein diet; you can also have it for a low-carb dinner.Let us know how you liked the recipe in the comments section below!
About Sushmita SenguptaSharing a strong penchant for food, Sushmita loves all things good, cheesy and greasy. Her other favourite pastime activities other than discussing food includes, reading, watching movies and binge-watching TV shows.
Read More..Postmarketing Adverse Event Reporting for Medical Products and Dietary – FDA.gov
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Docket Number: FDA-2008-D-0610 Issued by:
Guidance Issuing Office
Office of Foods and Veterinary Medicine, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition
Office of Medical Products and Tobacco, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research
Office of Medical Products and Tobacco, Center for Devices and Radiological Health
Office of Medical Products and Tobacco, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research
This guidance provides recommendations to industry regarding postmarketing adverse event reporting for drugs, biologics, medical devices, combination products,2 and dietary supplements during a pandemic. FDA anticipates that during a pandemic, industry and FDA workforces may be reduced because of high employee absenteeism while reporting of adverse events3 related to widespread use of medical products indicated for the treatment or prevention of the pathogen causing the pandemic may increase. The extent of these possible changes is unknown. This guidance discusses FDAs intended approach to enforcement of adverse event reporting requirements for medical products and dietary supplements during a pandemic. FDA believes this approach will make it possible for firms with reporting responsibilities to focus their limited resources on the following types of reports:
reports related to medical products indicated for the treatment or prevention of the pathogen causing the pandemic
You can submit online or written comments on any guidance at any time (see 21 CFR 10.115(g)(5))
If unable to submit comments online, please mail written comments to:
Dockets ManagementFood and Drug Administration5630 Fishers Lane, Rm 1061Rockville, MD 20852
All written comments should be identified with this document's docket number: FDA-2008-D-0610.
03/19/2020
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Postmarketing Adverse Event Reporting for Medical Products and Dietary - FDA.gov
This Diet Cannot Protect You From Coronavirus According To Health Experts – International Business Times
Diet Comments Off on This Diet Cannot Protect You From Coronavirus According To Health Experts – International Business Times
KEY POINTS
The coronavirus outbreak, which was discovered in December of 2019, has spread exponentially and is now a global pandemic. Despite its rapid spread, however, there is still little known about the virus. Researchers are still deep in the study as to how the virus may have been transmitted and how to kill it or protect against it. In the meantime, people around the world are adjusting to the profound changes in their lives and adapt to new norms.
During these uncertain times, it is important to maintain good health and keep the mind active. Consuming a healthy diet regularly can help not only in maintaining good health but also boost the immune system. While there are numerous healthy diets out there that can help you achieve this, there is one. However, that may not help in protecting you against coronavirus despite claims. coronavirus keto diet Photo: MrsKallend - pixabay
Unfounded Claims
The coronavirus pandemic also gave birth to an outbreak of information on social media about diets that are supposed to fight off COVID-19 infections. Among the diet that is said to help boost your immune system and protect you against the coronavirus is the keto diet. Health experts and nutritionists were quick to refute such claims saying it will not provide you protection against COVID-19.
Dr. Grace Farhat, a food science and nutrition lecturer at Liverpool Hope University, said that keto diet is good for losing weight and not to protect you from coronavirus. Dr. Farhat made this statement in the light of the surge of social media posts claiming keto diet can ward off COVID-19.
She said that the keto diet principle is all about reducing the intake of carbohydrates and substituting it with fat. By doing so, the body goes into a metabolic state called ketosis. At this time, the body utilizes its fat reserves instead of using carbohydrates as an energy source. This helps the body get rid of fat.
A keto diet can limit carb intake between the ranges of 20 to 50 grams each day. While it has gained popularity over the years, particularly among those who wanted to lose weight, health experts dismiss its capability to protect anyone from the coronavirus.
Expert Opinion
Claims are being made by some sectors that say adopting a keto diet could boost the immune system and therefore prevent you from getting a coronavirus infection. Dr. Farhat, however, said that she is 100% sure there is no scientific proof showing ketosis can help ward off viruses in humans, particularly the coronavirus. More than ever, you need to be discerning about medical claims being posted on social media.
A study conducted by Yale School of Medicine scientists has suggested that a ketogenic diet may provide you some degree of protection from flu. According to lead author Akiko Iwasaki, they found that ketosis in mice can boost particular immune cells and enhanced the protective mucus in the lungs. Researchers noted that a keto diet might provide you a practical avenue toward alleviating or preventing influenza disease.
Dr. Farhat, however, said that there is a huge difference between mice and humans. She expressed concern about the likelihood of a huge number of people joining the keto bandwagon because of this. She also said that while this study on mice showed promising results unless proven in humans, such bold claims about the diet should be avoided.
Keto Diet Will Not Protect You From Coronavirus
According to Dr. Farhat, ketosis creates acidic substances known as ketones. Having too many ketones in your bloodstream may damage your kidneys and liver. The keto diet has the capability of overloading the kidneys because there is excessive protein.
She says that the important thing to note is that keto diets deprive your body of carbohydrates, which is required for your daily energy use. Dr. Farhat suggested instead to consume a diet loaded with fruits and vegetables and to stay fully hydrated during self-isolation.
Originally posted here:
This Diet Cannot Protect You From Coronavirus According To Health Experts - International Business Times