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Your Instagram feed is filled with perfectly arranged, rainbow-colored smoothie bowls and matcha lattesthats nothing new. But youve probably noticed a formerly vilified ingredient is now the star of the show. Traditional dietary recommendations be damned; according to practically every wellness influencer out there, high fat is in.

From that food blogger using an entire avocado as a questionably designed sandwich bun to your fitness instructor mainlining coconut oil with her salmon fillet, it seems that as long as its hashtagged #goodfat, consuming a million grams of fat is healthy for you.

"I think this is, in part, a reaction to the failings of the low-fat diet craze of the 70s and 80s," says Matt Priven, a Boston-based registered dietitian nutritionist. "Those diets really missed the mark and did not help people achieve their health goals."

That craze is still alive and well in grocery stores, with low-fat and fat-free yogurt, cheese, and frozen foods filling the dairy cases and aisles. One of the issues with low-fat diets is fat tends to give food flavor (and often texture), so to counter the lost taste, companies tend to add boatloads of sugar to make the food palatable again, creating a different set of problems.

The most recent Dietary Guidelines for Americans say fat should account for 20 to 35 percent of your total daily calories. Any lower than that can lead to deficiencies in vitamins A, D, E, and K, "as well as some phytonutrients, which require dietary fat for proper absorption," Priven says.

What Priven is referring to is bioavailability, or how much of a nutrient is able to enter the body. There are various ways we can increase nutrient availabilityfor instance, soaking nuts in water allows you to absorb more of their nutrients, rather than letting them pass through your system unused.

Additionally, when you enjoy a big salad filled with delicious, fresh vegetables in every color of the rainbow with low-fat dressing, it does a disservice to your body. Fat unlocks more of the phytonutrients Priven refers tosuch as lutein in green peppers and lycopene in tomatoeswhich are both powerful antioxidants with cancer-fighting properties. Lutein, lycopene, and their oxidative metabolites in chemoprevention of cancer. Khachik F, Beecher GR, Smith JC. Journal of cellular biochemistry. Supplement, 1996, Feb.;22():0733-1959. Get the biggest bang for your buck and enhance the availability of nutrients with a full-fat dressingor, better yet, make your own without all the preservatives and ingredients you cant pronounce.

The tired diet clich of always being famished partly stems from these low-fat regimensa lot of us can relate to still feeling hungry after eating a salad dressed in reduced-fat vinaigrette. On top of helping us absorb more nutrients, fat helps keep us satiated; it contains 9 calories per gram compared to the 4 grams each we get from carbs and protein, and its density helps keep us fuller longer.

So in this regard, its not entirely a bad thing that social media influencers are touting a higher-fat diet. The type of fat is what mattersbut there are competing studies on the subject.

Dietary guidelines recommend monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fats such as olive oil, nuts, and avocados, as well as fatty fish, flaxseeds, and chia seeds for their omega-3 content, an essential fatty acid proven to benefit heart health. Omega-3 fatty acids: role in cardiovascular health and disease. Engler MM, Engler MB. The Journal of cardiovascular nursing, 2006, Mar.;21(1):0889-4655. These fats have been generally considered preferable to saturated fat. However, recent studies brought into question the guidelines that say to keep saturated fat to a maximum of 10 percent of your total fat calories.

For example, a study published in late 2016 in the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition found a high intake of saturated fat did not heighten the risk of cardiovascular disease in its participants and, in fact, increased levels of their good cholesterol (known as HDL cholesterol; LDL is the one you want to decrease). Visceral adiposity and metabolic syndrome after very high-fat and low-fat isocaloric diets: a randomized controlled trial. Veum VL, Laupsa-Borge J, Eng . The American journal of clinical nutrition, 2016, Nov.;105(1):1938-3207. Researchers attributed this finding to the high quality of foods participants consumed.

Does that mean its time to guzzle $20 worth of coconut oil in one sitting? Not quite. We often dont get the full picture of the studies reported in the news, and neither do social media influencers.

David L. Katz, M.D., the founding director of Yale Universitys Yale-Griffin Prevention Research Center and chief medical officer of digital health company FareWell, "emphatically" disagrees with the study's findings.

"The evidence is now overwhelming and clear that even with high HDL, people on [high-saturated-fat] diets have more, not less, heart disease," he says. "The weight of evidence clearly now indicates that LDL levels are the best predictors of cardiovascular risk, and those too go up with saturated fat intake."

So how about a high-fat diet with mostly unsaturated fats instead? Katz says that aside from the saturated-fat argument, "total fat level in the diet is rather unimportant provided that the sources of fat are wholesome."

But before you douse that sliced avocado in half a bottle of avocado oil and top it off with a little fried avocado, keep reading.

The ketogenic diet, which youve probably heard about via Instagram, is a low-carb, high-fat regimen. Plenty of influencers are touting the benefits of this regimen; they primarily report significant weight loss, which is attributed to the diet's low-carb, high-fat meals and snacks with names like "fat bombs."

Long story short, this diet is designed to put the body in a metabolic state known as ketosis, during which the liver breaks down fat to produce ketones that are used as energy. Originally intended to treat epilepsy patients, many have been using it as a quick way to burn fat and lose weight.

If total fat is irrelevant as long as it's from good sources, can we go keto crazy? Not so fast.

Many others in the field prefer a more moderate approach, including Priven, who believes balance is key.

When we [increase] intake of a certain food group, the collateral effect is usually a decreased intake of another food group, he says, meaning high fat in our diet leaves less room for other nutritious foods. Ultimately, the ketogenic diet is still a diet. Its highly unsustainable and potentially problematic from a health standpoint; staying in ketosis means avoiding tons of healthy foods like fruit, beans/legumes, grains, and many vegetables.

With so many messages coming at us every day from bloggers, Insta-famous foodies, nutrition headlines, etc., how do we know what to eat if what theyre telling us isnt always accurate?

Priven recommends balanced eating and working on sustainable habits. So eat that avocado bun but not for every meal. Toss some butter in your saut panbut the grass-fed kind, not trans-fat margarine. Get beefy on taco night but opt for hormone-free meat. Ultimately, it comes down to something you probably knew all along: Use the good stuff and use it in moderation.

Kristen Ciccolini is a freelance food writer and plant-based nutrition coach based in Boston. She is focused on nutrition education and teaches busy women how to incorporate healthy habits into their everyday cooking. When she's not nerding out over food, you can find her upside down in a yoga class or right side up at a rock show. Follow her on Twitter @kciccolini.

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If You're Eating Like Wellness Influencers on Instagram, You Could Be Having Too Much Fat - Greatist

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Olympic champion Samuel Sanchez has tested positive for banned substance GHRP-2, a synthetic peptide that causes the release of growth hormone within the body, the UCI announced Thursday.

Sanchez, 39, has been provisionally suspended by the UCI and his BMC team pending results from his B sample. Sanchez was slated to join BMC at the Vuelta a Espana, which begins Saturday, but will now be replaced by Loc Vliegen on BMCs roster. The sample was taken in an out-of-competition test on August 9.

The Union Cycliste Internationale (UCI) announces that Spanish rider Samuel Snchez Gonzalez was notified of an Adverse Analytical Finding (AAF) of GHRP-2* in a sample collected in the scope of out-of-competition control on 9 August 2017, the UCI said in a statement.

GHRP-2 stimulates the pituitary gland to produce endogenous human growth hormone, which can help increase endurance and improve recovery and weight loss. Earlier this year, Bardiani-CSF riders Stefano Pirazzi and Nicola Ruffoni tested positive for the same substance.

In accordance with BMC Racing Teams zero tolerance policy and UCI regulation, Snchez has been provisionally suspended with immediate effect. Until the results of the B sample are provided, no further action will be taken, team BMC said in a statement.

Sanchez took home gold in the Olympic road race in 2008, was second overall at the Tour de France in 2010, and has won five stages of the Vuelta a Espana. His BMC contract is up at the end of the 2017 season, and he previously stated that he would make a decision regarding the future of his long career after the Vuelta.

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Samuel Sanchez positive for hGH-stimulating peptide - VeloNews

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Hartford Financial Services Group Inc (HGH) are in focus today as the charts are revealing that theMesa Adaptive Moving Average(MAMA) has trickled below the FAMA, or Fractional Moving Average. This environment typically indicates that there might be a buying opportunity aligning in technicals. When there are crossovers between the FAMA and MAMA, the shares are often widely traded. When the MAMA crosses above the FAMA, it means that the shares are likely to move higher. Conversely the opposite occurs when the MAMA crosses below the FAMA. The Mesa Moving Average was first mentioned by John Ehlers in a paper published in a 2001 edition of Technical Analysis of Stocks and Commodities Magazine. The below was excerpted from the publication,

The MESA Adaptive Moving Average (MAMA) adapts to price movement based on the rate of change of phase as measured by the Hilbert Transform Discriminator (Technical Analysis of Stocks and Commodities magazine, December 2000). This method features a fast attack average and a slow decay average so that composite average rapidly ratchets behind price changes and holds the average value until the next ratchet occurs.

Taking a peek at some additional moving average levels on shares of Hartford Financial Services Group Inc (HGH), the 200-day is at 30.67, the 50-day is 31.09, and the 7-day is sitting at 30.56. Moving averages can help identify trends and price reversals. They may also be used to help spot support and resistance levels. Moving averages are considered to be lagging indicators meaning that they confirm trends. A certain stock may be considered to be on an uptrend if trading above a moving average and the average is sloping upward. On the other side, a stock may be considered to be in a downtrend if trading below the moving average and sloping downward.

Traders may also be paying close attention to RSI levels on shares of Hartford Financial Services Group Inc (HGH). The current 14-day RSI is presently sitting at 39.03, the 7-day is 36.05, and the 3-day is 30.84. The RSI, or Relative Strength Index is a popular oscillating indicator among traders and investors. The RSI operates in a range-bound area with values between 0 and 100. When the RSI line moves up, the stock may be experiencing strength. The opposite is the case when the RSI line is heading lower. Different time periods may be used when using the RSI indicator. The RSI may be more volatile using a shorter period of time. Many traders keep an eye on the 30 and 70 marks on the RSI scale. A move above 70 is widely considered to show the stock as overbought, and a move below 30 would indicate that the stock may be oversold. Traders may use these levels to help identify stock price reversals.

When completing stock analysis, investors and traders may opt to review other technical levels. Hartford Financial Services Group Inc (HGH) currently has a 14-day Commodity Channel Index (CCI) of -90.93. Investors and traders may use this indicator to help spot price reversals, price extremes, and the strength of a trend. Many investors will use the CCI in conjunction with other indicators when evaluating a trade. The CCI may be used to spot if a stock is entering overbought (+100) and oversold (-100) territory. The Average Directional Index or ADX is often considered to be an important tool for technical trading or investing. The ADX is a technical indicator developed by J. Welles Wilder used to determine the strength of a trend. The ADX is often used along with the Plus Directional Indicator (+DI) and Minus Directional Indicator (-DI) to identify the direction of the trend. Presently, the 14-day ADX is resting at 21.29.

Generally speaking, an ADX value from 0-25 would indicate an absent or weak trend. A value of 25-50 would indicate a strong trend. A value of 50-75 would signal a very strong trend, and a value of 75-100 would indicate an extremely strong trend.

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Shining the Spotlight on Hartford Financial Services Group Inc (HGH)'s Numbers: Technicals At a Glance - JCTY News

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The recent price of 30.60 for shares of Hartford Financial Services Group Inc (HGH) has put the price level belowthe Balance Step, indicating a near-term bearishpattern developing. Calculated from the last five balance points, the Balance Step indicator can help determine whether a bullish or bearish trend is developing near-term.

Investors may be wondering how to tackle the markets at current levels. Many investors may feel like they have missed out on the markets getting to where they are today. It may be a case of missed trades or being too cautious, but a stellar forward thinking strategy may be just what is needed to get back on track. Studying various sectors may help provide some insight on where to go from here. Investors may become very familiar and comfortable with a certain sector, and they may be completely missing out on opportunities from other fast growing sectors. Investors may also need to take a long-term approach which may include creating a diversified portfolio that takes many different factors into consideration. With the enormous amount of uncertainty that follows the global investing world on a daily basis, it may be helpful for investors to be able to keep their emotions in check. Studying the hard data may prove to be very useful when trying to separate truth from fiction in the equity markets.

Traders may be trying to figure out whether it is a good time to enter or exit a position in Hartford Financial Services Group Inc (HGH). Diving into some additional technical levels might help get a clearer picture. The Average Directional Index or ADX is a technical analysis indicator used to describe if a market is trending or not trending. The ADX alone measures trend strength but not direction. Using the ADX with the Plus Directional Indicator (+DI) and Minus Directional Indicator (-DI) may help determine the direction of the trend as well as the overall momentum. Many traders will use the ADX alongside other indicators in order to help spot proper trading entry/exit points. Currently, the 14-day ADX is 21.30. Generally speaking, an ADX value from 0-25 would indicate an absent or weak trend. A value of 25-50 would indicate a strong trend. A value of 50-75 would signal a very strong trend, and a value of 75-100 would indicate an extremely strong trend.

Hartford Financial Services Group Inc (HGH) presently has a 14-day Commodity Channel Index (CCI) of -14.99. Typically, the CCI oscillates above and below a zero line. Normal oscillations tend to stay in the range of -100 to +100. A CCI reading of +100 may represent overbought conditions, while readings near -100 may indicate oversold territory. Although the CCI indicator was developed for commodities, it has become a popular tool for equity evaluation as well. The Relative Strength Index (RSI) is a momentum oscillator that measures the speed and change of stock price movements. The RSI was developed by J. Welles Wilder, and it oscillates between 0 and 100. Generally, the RSI is considered to be oversold when it falls below 30 and overbought when it heads above 70. RSI can be used to detect general trends as well as finding divergences and failure swings. The 14-day RSI for Hartford Financial Services Group Inc (HGH) is currently at 41.40, the 7-day stands at 41.26, and the 3-day is sitting at 45.88.

Taking a peek at some Moving Averages, the 200-day is at 30.68, and the 50-day is 31.10. Dedicated investors may be looking to employ another tool for doing technical stock analysis. The Williams Percent Range or Williams %R is a technical indicator that was designed to measure overbought and oversold market conditions. The Williams %R indicator helps show the relative situation of the current price close to the period being observed. Hartford Financial Services Group Inc (HGH)s Williams Percent Range or 14 day Williams %R presently is at -56.60. In general, if the reading goes above -20, the stock may be considered to be overbought. Alternately, if the indicator goes under -80, this may show the stock as being oversold.

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A Look at the Health of Hartford Financial Services Group Inc (HGH) - Evergreen Caller

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Whether youre tall or short in stature, your height can have more impact on your life than your ability to find jeans that fit.

While no perfect height has been linked to perfect health, science has unearthed a whole host of ways your stature could impact your health. Heres the long and short (or rather, the high and low) of it:

It stands to reason that blood must be pumped further around the bodies of our long-legged friends (i.e. those taller than 160cm), but a 2011 study published in Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology showed that their extra height could reduce blood flow, tripling their risk of stroke-causing blood clots.

While there arent a lot of options for altering your height outside of ditching the high heels, keeping your weight in check can help: the study also showed those with a normal body weight suffered no increased risk of blood clot, irrespective of their height.

By the same token, a 2008 review of more than 50 studies involving over three million men and women showed that the short of stature (i.e. those standing below 160.5cm) had a significantly greater risk of developing heart disease or dying of a heart attack than tall people.

"It would be interesting to explore the possibility that short stature is connected with the risk of [coronary heart disease] and [heart attack] through the effect of smaller coronary artery diameter, and that smaller coronary arteries may be occluded earlier in life under similar risk conditions," the authors wrote.

Human growth hormone is (hGH) is responsible for many of the changes our bodies see during childhood, adolescence and into adulthood, but a 2014 study out of the Albert Einstein College of Medicine showed that it could actually be better for longevity when it appears in low doses.

Though the off-label use of hGH has spawned a multi-billion-dollar industry, there has been no proof that hGH actually improves overall health or longevity in older adults, the research team said in a media release.

In fact, they found that female nonagenarians with lower-than-average levels of one particular growth hormone produced from middle age far outlasted their peers, especially if they had a history of cancer.

More than 340,000 Australians are currently living with dementia, with that number expected to rise to almost half a million in the next decade. And, if recent research is to be believed, the short in stature could be at risk of making up the majority of that number.

Known risk factors for Alzheimers disease include include family history and age, but a 2007 study published in the Journal of Alzheimers Disease showed the risk for developing the disease increased as height decreased, with risk for men standing under 169.5cm increasing by almost 60 percent.

Type 2 diabetes is almost certainly linked to body weight, but some research suggests type 1 diabetes (also known as juvenile diabetes) could be linked to height.

While the cause of type 1 diabetes is still unknown, a hotly debated 2002 study published in Pediatrics observed "Taller children generally seem to experience increased risk for development of diabetes mellitus type 1, except perhaps during infancy or early adolescence".

But on the other hand, mothers-to-be who stand shorter than 158cm are 59 percent more likely to develop gestational diabetes than those over 170cm, according to a 2014 study that canvassed more than 220,000 pregnancies, though researchers arent entirely sure why.

RELATED:Forget body mass index waist-to-height ratio is better at gauging your body fat

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How your height affects your health - 9Coach (blog)

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August 17, 2017 - By Linda Rogers

Shares of ISHARES VI PLC (THE COMPANY) ISHRS GLBL HGH YLD CRP BND GBP HDGD DIST (LON:GHYS) last traded at 102.61, representing a move of 0.08%, or 0.08 per share, on volume of 2,060 shares. After opening the trading day at 102.76, shares of ISHARES VI PLC (THE COMPANY) ISHRS GLBL HGH YLD CRP BND GBP HDGD DIST traded in a close range. ISHARES VI PLC (THE COMPANY) ISHRS GLBL HGH YLD CRP BND GBP HDGD DIST currently has a total float of shares and on average sees 1,593 shares exchange hands each day. The stock now has a 52-week low of 96.5 and high of 103.79.

Europe is undeniably a successful region, especially when it comes to economic prowess and influence. The UK economy has constantly been a major player in this success.

Not only does the UK boast with a compelling education system, a competent political structure, and a healthy tourism industry it also takes pride in excellent corporate governance that continues to shape its economy. Because of this, the country has one of the most competitive equity markets globally transforming not just Europe but the trade and commerce around the world.

In the UK, the main stock exchange is the London Stock Exchange (LSE) while the benchmark index is the Financial Times Stock Exchange (FTSE) 100 Index.

The LSE is Europes biggest stock exchange and the worlds third biggest stock exchange. It boasts with roughly 2,290 companies listed on it and an overall market capitalization of 6.06 trillion.

Having been formed in 1801, the LSE is also one of the worlds oldest stock exchanges. The LSE is currently operated by the LSE Group (LSEG), which was formed in October 2007 after the LSE and the Borsa Italiana had merged.

The regular trading on the LSE begins at 8:00 a.m. and concludes at 4:00 p.m.

The FTSE 100 had been formed on January 3, 1984 with 1,000 points serving as a base value. It monitors the 100 biggest companies listed on the LSE based on market capitalization and with respect to free-float shares. ISHARES VI PLC (THE COMPANY) ISHRS GLBL HGH YLD CRP BND GBP HDGD DIST is a stock traded on the U.Ks stock exchange.

The FTSE 100 is currently operated by a subsidiary of the LSEG, the FTSE Group. As of September, it has an overall market capitalization of about $1.70 trillion. The FTSE 100 represents about 80% of the overall market capitalization on the LSE. ISHARES VI PLC (THE COMPANY) ISHRS GLBL HGH YLD CRP BND GBP HDGD DIST has relatively good liquidity.

While the FTSE 100 is a good indicator of the LSE, it is not a good indicator of the UK economy since it is mostly composed of international companies. On the other hand, the FTSE 250 is the best indicator of the UK economy thanks to its extensive nature and components that are mostly UK-based companies.

The components of the FTSE 100 are reviewed quarterly particularly on the first Wednesday following the first Friday of the months of March, June, September, and December. Components are regularly dropped and added in accordance to a certain set of criteria for inclusion.

The FTSE 100 had recorded an all-time low of 427.50 points in February 1978. Eventually, the FTSE had recorded an all-time high of 7,103.98 points in April 2015. Meanwhile, it has recorded its best intraday high of 7,129 points in October.

The LSE has been forged to become more powerful through all those 200 years of existence. It is definitely a pride of the European economy and the reasons behind the successful efforts of the UK to realize long-term growth prospects.

Investing on LSE stocks is an ideal move for investors nowadays. It is one of the best, and most rewarding ways to take advantage of the constant growth of the UK economy, as well as that of Europe. Professional analysts might be interested how this will affect ISHARES VI PLC (THE COMPANY) ISHRS GLBL HGH YLD CRP BND GBP HDGD DIST.

Receive News & Ratings Via Email - Enter your email address below to receive a concise daily summary of the latest news and analysts' ratings with our FREE daily email newsletter.

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ISHARES VI PLC (THE 'COMPANY') ISHRS GLBL HGH YLD CRP BND GBP HDGD DIST (GHYS) Increased 0.08% on ... - HuronReport

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We hate to say it, but summers nearly over.

And with winter just around the corner, there really hasnt been a better time to start to lose weight than the present.

This research comes from weight loss app, Lose It! who revealed that the start of the school year is the optimum time to lose weight.

Click through our gallery on the best ways to burn calories without exercising

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Chew gum - A super-easy way to burn some extra calories is popping a few pieces of gum now and then. The act of chewing keeps your jaw muscles moving, andnot only will you be burning caloriesyoull stop yourself from consuming more calories.

To find this, the company looked at the average monthly weight loss of their users over the course of the year and found the most weight loss happens in the first few months of the year usually due to New Years resolutions.

However, they also found that weight loss picks up again in September but why is that?

Our conclusion is that people who started their weight loss journey in the New Year, or in April in preparation for their summer probably let go of the restrictive diets while on holiday over summer and now is the perfect time to pick it back up again.

Good news dieters! The 23 foods that contain NO calories because you burn more than you consume as you eat

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APRICOTS - Calorie content: 12 kcals per apricotEating apricots is said to help reduce the risk of strokes, and heart attacks. They're also full of vitamin C, potassium and dietary fibre, which all promote good heart health

Keri Gans, R.D., author of The Small Change Diet told Womens Health: After a fun, busy summer, the fall offers that back-to-school feeling, even for adults.

You can use this time to get back on track for things that fell by the wayside during the summer, like your meal prep or your workouts.

Even people who havent stuck to their weight loss goals this year should use autumn as a kick-start to a healthy lifestyle.

By starting now, you will have formed good habits by the time December (read: temptation season) rolls in and wont feel as bad about having a slice of Christmas pudding.

Yet, if you are looking to lose weight, the best approach is through a healthy diet and regular exercise and fad or crash diets should be avoided.

Its all about finding healthy habits that suit you and sticking to them and you dont need to hear the chimes of the new year to kick start this.

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The surprising reason why THIS is the best time of year to lose weight - Daily Star

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Eating a healthy diet and doing plenty of exercise is key to getting a flat stomach, but there are also particular foods to incorporate that will help aid the process.

Snacking on nuts, particularly almonds, will help stop cravings thanks to the high fibre content.

Even better, a 2007 study at Purdue University found that despite their high calorie content, almonds do not contribute to belly fat.

When cooking, use olive oil, as it contains a naturally-occurring chemical called oleic acid which aids the breakdown of excess fats in the body.

Drinking tea is fine - and if you want a slim stomach, sipping on green tea is the best idea. Green tea has been found to help flush excess fluid from the body and reduce stomach bloating caused by water retention.

Another tea to try is dandelion, as it a natural diuretic which will help kidneys to flush out excess fluid and sodium.

Or if you dont like the taste, try lemon instead, as it also has detoxifying properties.

Those with a sweet tooth should indulge in fruit - and there are particular types which will help create a sleek silhouette.

Melon contains twice as much potassium as bananas, and can aid the removal of excess fluids around the body.

Berries are full of fibre, with around six grams in just one cup.

Peaches are another fruit to try. They have both laxative and diuretic properties thanks to their alkaline state, so can help with bloating or digestive problems.

Adding cinnamon to food will also help sweet cravings without actually adding any sugar to your diet, and the spice helps regulate soaring blood sugar levels by stimulating insulin production.

If you have cut diary from your diet thinking it will help you lose weight, think again. Natural yoghurt can help to relieve bloating because of the live bacteria it contains.

In fact, avoiding foods because of fat content isnt always the best idea.

Oily fish such as mackerel and salmon are good sources of lean protein which will keep you fuller for longer.

Another high fat food, avocado, will help regulate fluid balance thanks to the potassium levels and prevent constipation thanks the magnesium.

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Weight loss: Stomach bloating cures to add to any diet and shrink your belly - Express.co.uk

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India.com

Testosterone makes men more impulsive The Economist TESTOSTERONE is a hormone with a reputation. Though both sexes generate the stuff, that reputation is macho. Numerous experiments on non-human animals show that boosting testosterone levels boosts levels of aggression. And in most ... How testosterone can influence bull market tradingIndia.com Scientists confirm men are to blame for stock market crashesYahoo News UK all 4 news articles »

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Testosterone makes men more impulsive - The Economist

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Ball-and-stick model of the testosterone molecule, C19H28O2, as found in the crystal structure of testosterone monohydrate. Credit: Ben Mills/Wikipedia

Since the first stock market in Amsterdam in the 17th century, trading floors have been dominated by men. It turns out testosterone may be responsible for some of the dramatic bubbles and crashes we have seen since.

A study led by researchers from the Ivey Business School, University of Oxford, and Claremont Graduate University for the first time has shown that testosterone directly impacts financial decisions that drive prices up and destabilize markets.

"In this paper, we show that exogenously increasing testosterone in men increases bid prices and asset price bubbles, and slows the incorporation of fundamental value," says Ivey Business School's Amos Nadler, Assistant Professor of Finance. "We also show how the changes in buying and selling pressures give rise to bubbles and subsequent crashes. These results demonstrate the effects of a specific hormone, testosterone, on male traders in experimental markets."

Experimental stock markets

The study used experimental stock markets with some 140 male participants (called traders) taking part. Cohorts of traders were given testosterone or placebo gel prior to their trading sessions. In total, the experiment consisted of 17 sessions that allowed traders to buy, sell, bid, and offer money for shares of stock, similar to a simplified professional trading platform. Each session had three rounds of 12 trading periods where traders competed to make money against each other.

The results showed the causal effects of testosterone on financial asset mispricing. By administering testosterone to traders before they trade financial assets for real money, testosterone directly increases the size and persistence of stock market bubbles. Testosterone drove these changes in market dynamics by increasing bidding, selling prices, and volume and changed traders' perception of a stock's current value even though true values were known during trading.

Implications of hormones in financial markets

Nadler believes the research suggests the need to consider hormonal influences on decision making in professional settings because biological factors can exacerbate capital risk for firms and market risk for all participants.

"Firms may, therefore, benefit from a better understanding of when and how hormones assert their influencesuch as through exceptionally positive feedback cycles that are unsupported by fundamentals or technical indicators," says Nadler.

The most straightforward recommendation is to implement "cool down" periods to interrupt exceptionally positive feedback cycles and return the focus to assets' fundamental valuations to reduce the possibility of biased decision making.

Explore further: Behavioural implications of elevated levels of testosterone

More information: Nadler, Amos and Jiao, Peiran and Johnson, Cameron J. and Alexander, Veronika and Zak, Paul J., The Bull of Wall Street: Experimental Analysis of Testosterone and Asset Trading (April 27, 2017). Available at SSRN: ssrn.com/abstract=2557094

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Elevated testosterone causes bull market trading - Medical Xpress - Medical Xpress

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