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A shapely pair of breasts is a thing of great beauty, except when its on a mans chest! Sometimes a sedentary lifestyle or underlying medical condition can cause mens pectoral areas to have the appearance of breasts. This unsightly appearance of pronounced chest flab can cause body-image and confidence issues in men. In medical terms, the condition is known as gynecomastia from the Greek terms gyneco- meaning woman and masto- which means breasts. But it is often known by its colloquial and often pejorative term man boobs or moobs for short.

(Read: How to get rid of man boobs or moobs)

What is gynecomastia?Gynecomastia is the benign enlargement of breast glandular tissue seen in men. Here is the bad news; the problem is quite prolific among men and studies say that at least 30 percent men will be afflicted by the bane of gynecomastia during their lifetime. There are two types of gynecomastia:

False or pseudogynecomastia- where subcutaneous fat (fat under the skin) causes the chest to have a breast-like appearance. True gynecomastia- where actual breast tissues develop in the pectoral region.

(Read: Yoga asanas to get rid of man boobs)

What causes gynecomastia?The primary causes of true gynecomastia are: The imbalance between the female hormone oestrogen and the male hormone androgen Increased production oestrogen than androgen Less production of androgen

What are the health hazards of having gynecomastia?Man boobs are basically benign conditions, which means by itself gynecomastia cannot cause any health hazards. Best case scenario will be staying away from tight-fitting t-shirts for a long time, and the worst? It can severely dent your self-esteem, cause anxiety problems and fear of malignant diseases.

But be warned! Man boobs can indicate a serious, underlying health condition, especially if you have true gynecomastia. If you suspect abnormal swelling in your pectoral region, seek medical help right away!

Following are some of the health conditions associated with true gynecomastia:

Cirrhosis or liver diseases: Hepatic cirrhosis or liver cirrhosis is often listed as a cause of gynecomastia. This is mainly because the liver is responsible for clearing excess hormones out of the system. When its functions are impaired, the liver fails to properly metabolise hormones such as oestrogen, leading to the formation of breasts in men. Moreover, spironolactone, a medicine used to treat cirrhosis can further exacerbate the condition.

Malnutrition: Prolonged periods of starvation can cause the development of gynecomastia. Malnourished men have lower levels of testosterone and gonadotropin in the body with normal levels of oestrogen produced in the adrenal glands. When the person returns to normal feeding, temporary breast enlargement is seen. This is mainly because some bodily systems increase their functions before the others. Heres an interesting trivia; World War 2 concentration camp inmates and Allied prisoners of war were known to have gynecomastia when they were freed since they were starved for long durations.

Problems in the hypothalamus, pituitary or testicles: The condition where the testicles dont produce enough testosterone is called male hypogonadism. It could probably result from a problem in the testicles or from the hypothalamus or pituitary gland. The hypothalamus produces a hormone that signals the pituitary to produce luteinising hormones that trigger testosterone production. The skewed testosterone to oestrogen ratio then causes the growth of male breasts.

Kidney failure and dialysis: Impaired renal functions simply cause hormonal abnormalities, especially decreased testosterone production and increased oestrogen levels. The problem can be reversed by kidney transplantation, but dialysis cannot do much to help the patient. Certain drugs like cyclosporin taken after kidney transplant can cause development of breasts in men.

And as far as dialysis is concerned, gynecomastia is seen in 50 percent of patients who undergo the procedure. Before dialysis, the patients have restricted diets causing them to go on a starvation mode for a while. Gynecomastia is triggered when they return to a regular diet.

Ectopic hcg production: Healthy men have normal levels of Human chorionic gonadotropin or hCG. But if by any chance, there is large-cell carcinoma, gastric carcinoma or renal cell carcinoma, the ectopic production of hCG can trigger gynecomastia.

True hermaphroditism: The condition where a person is born with both ovarian and testicular tissue is called as true hermaphroditism. The ovarian tissues of the person produce more oestrogen and inhibit the production of testosterone, leading to gynecomastia or male breast formation.

Increased cortisol levels: If there is an excess of the cortisol in the system due to mental stress, the body starts secreting excessive oestrogen precursors. Increased serum cortisol and oestrogen coupled with low serum testosterone is a sure shot formula for gynecomastia!

Type 1 diabetes: Diabetic mastopathy is a benign condition seen in men suffering from type 1 diabetes. Men who have been battling the condition for a long time eventually develop tough masses or lesions on their chest.Spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy or Kennedys disease: It is a degenerative neural disorder caused due to the weakness of motor neurons in the brainstem and the spinal cord. The disease also affects the endocrine glands, causing gynecomastia.

Spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy or Kennedys disease: It is a degenerative neural disorder caused due to the weakness of motor neurons in the brainstem and the spinal cord. The disease also affects the endocrine glands, causing gynecomastia.

References:

Cuhaci, N., Polat, S. B., Evranos, B., Ersoy, R., & Cakir, B. (2014). Gynecomastia: clinical evaluation and management. Indian journal of endocrinology and metabolism, 18(2), 150.

Image source: Shutterstock

Published: July 12, 2017 5:51 pm | Updated:July 12, 2017 6:02 pm

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Man boobs (gynecomastia) could indicate serious health problems - TheHealthSite

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With more than one-third of U.S. adults suffering from obesity, it's no surprise that many Americans would benefit from healthier eatinghabits. Fad diets capitalize on our desire for quick results but usually fail in the long run.

Now new research adds to the evidence that a more moderate approach can make a lasting difference.

A study from the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health finds that improving the quality of diet over time, even with modest changes, may significantly reduce the risk of premature death.

Improvements to diet included consuming more whole grains, vegetables, fruits, nuts, and fish and eating less red and processed meats and sugary beverages.

"Overall, our findings underscore the benefits of healthy eating patterns including the Mediterranean diet and the DASH diet. Our study indicates that even modest improvements in diet quality could meaningfully influence mortality risk and conversely, worsening diet quality may increase the risk," lead author Mercedes Sotos-Prieto, who worked on the study while a postdoctoral fellow in the Harvard Chan School department of nutrition and who is currently an assistant professor of nutrition at Ohio University, said in a statement.

For the study, published in the New England Journal of Medicine, Sotos-Prieto and her team analyzed data on nearly 74,000 adults over a 12-year period. The researchers assessed the participants' diet using three different scoring methods: the 2010 Alternate Healthy Eating Index, the Alternate Mediterranean Diet score, and the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet score. Each model assigns scores to various types of food, with healthier foods receiving higher scores and less healthy foods receiving lower scores.

The results showed that better diet quality over a 12-year period was linked to a reduced risk of death in the subsequent 12 years, no matter which method of scoring was used. Whole grains, fruits, vegetables and fish or n-3 fatty acids appeared to contribute most to an improvement in diet quality.

Specifically, the study showed that a 20-percentile increase in diet-quality scores was associated with an 8 to 17 percent reduction in the risk of death.

That can be achieved, for example, by swapping out just one serving of red or processed meat and replacing it with onedaily serving of nuts or legumes.

In contrast, worsening diet quality was linked to a 6 to 12 percent increase in the risk of death.

Nancy Z. Farrell, a registered dietitian nutritionist and spokesperson for the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, said the findings reinforce the work she does every day with her patients.

"Registered dietitian nutritionists practice evidence-based science every day in encouraging and educating the public on disease prevention and treatment, and we know that chronic disease increases the cost of health care and drives up insurance premiums," she told CBS News.

Farrell says everyone can benefit from making smart diet swaps as often as possible.

"Have a 'meatless Monday' dinner where you incorporate beans or legumes, such as red beans and quinoa. Or have a veggie pizza night," she suggests.

When it comes to snacking, avoid high-calorie junk foods like potato chips and opt for a handful of nuts, or make your own trail mix with nuts, seeds, and dried fruit.

And if you're looking for a sweet treat, skip the ice cream and try freezing some fruit instead.

"Blueberries or blackberries offer a refreshing summer snack with a burst of coolness," Farrell said.

Importantly, experts say it's crucial to not only incorporate such changes into your diet, but to stick with them over time.

"Our results highlight the long-term health benefits of improving diet quality with an emphasis on overall dietary patterns rather than on individual foods or nutrients," said Frank Hu, professor and chair of the Harvard Chan School department of nutrition and senior author of the study. "A healthy eating pattern can be adopted according to individuals' food and cultural preferences and health conditions. There is no one-size-fits-all diet."

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Even modest changes to diet could reduce risk of death, study finds - CBS News

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It sounds like Aaron Rodgers is looking for the kind of career longevity enjoyed by his friend and fellow NFL quarterback Tom Brady.

In an interview with People, Rodgers talked about how clean living was a factor in his 13-year career as a star Green Bay Packers quarterback. The interview took place in advance of Wednesday nights ESPY Awards when the former Cal Golden Bears star competes against the San Mateo-born Brady as the best NFL player of 2017.

Rodgers, 33, opened the interview by dishing just a tiny bit about how hes worked to overcome regrets. He may be referring to his breakup this spring from his high-profile, three-year relationship with actress Olivia Munn, or his longtime estrangement from his Chico-based family, including his younger brother Jordan Rodgers, last years winner of The Bachelorette.

You figure it out as you go, you make mistakes, but being open to those older voices in your life, and those mentors, can help you avoid some of the mistakes that we all [likely] made at a young age, he said.

Thats about as specific as Rodgers would get on that score. He was more specific when he talked about the importance of mentorship and friendship in the sport. Thats where Brady comes in.

The New England Patriots quarterback has become the subject of lengthy profiles in recent years and not just because of his on-field accomplishments: as a four-time Super Bowl MVP who has won five Super Bowls as quarterback. Brady is also said to be playing better than ever, even though hes 39 years old in a rough sport that is notoriously hard on players bodies and brains.

As he enters his 19th season, Bradys fierce attention to his own version of clean living has come under scrutiny.

Brady is known to follow an extremely meticulous diet, fitness and overall life-style regimen that covers everything: what he eats, how he works out or spends his vacation days and even how he sleeps, according to a 2014 profile Sports Illustrated. He is known to follow a strict, mostly vegan diet in which he shuns sugar and alcohol most of the time and in a more extreme way eliminates nightshade veggies like potatoes, tomatoes, eggplant that are said to cause inflammation.

Brady also eats seasonally,meaning he eats certain foods in the winter including red meat and mostly raw food in the summer. Earlier this year Brady launched a plant-based meal kit plan,based on his program, with Purple Carrot.

Rodgers said hes taking some of his nutrition cues from Brady, especially as he contemplates how hell continue to play as he approaches his mid-30s, a time when many quarterbacks begin to contemplate retirement.

I dont have a cookbook out yet, Rodgers joked. And I still have to improve in some areas!

One thing he said he hasnt been able to give up are the nightshade veggies. But he says hes working to improve, mainly because he holds Brady in such high esteem.

I think Tom sets a good example, and we have been friends for a long time and talk about a number of things, Rodgers said. He has kind of set the standard for taking care of your body.

The interview didnt go into whether Rodgers is following some of Bradys other life-style choices, such as doing cognitive exercises before bedtime to destimulate his brain and to fall asleep by 9 p.m., as Sports Illustrated explained. Brady also rarely lifts weights and works out instead using resistance bands. Meanwhile, on vacation, his daily routine is still carefully scripted. He works out twice naps according to a schedule, surfs, avoids alcohol and still goes to bed early.

But Rodgers might have other ways of taking care of his most prized asset his body. In early April, shortly after he broke up with Munn, it was reported that he spends a lot time in Los Angeles, getting weekly facials. He had also been working out at the Unbreakable Performance Center, a gym known in West Hollywood for its celebrity clientele.

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Aaron Rodgers is getting diet tips from his good friend Tom Brady - The Mercury News

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Research led by Brad Ferguson, PhD, has found that diet doesn't appear to be a factor in gastrointestinal issues in children with autism. Credit: Justin Kelley/MU Health

Many children with autism spectrum disorder experience significant gastrointestinal issues, but the cause of these symptoms is unknown. Professionals in the medical community have suggested a potential link between diet and gastrointestinal issues related to autism. Now, researchers from the University of Missouri School of Medicine have found that diet is not a contributing factor in these individuals. The researchers hope the findings could help lead to improved treatment options.

"Unfortunately, it's not uncommon for those with autism to experience constipation, irritable bowel syndrome, abdominal pain and other gastrointestinal issues," said Brad Ferguson, Ph.D., postdoctoral research fellow in the Department of Radiology at the MU School of Medicine and the MU Thompson Center for Autism and Neurodevelopmental Disorders. "We sought to find out whether nutritional intake in their individual diets was associated with gastrointestinal issues. Based on our findings, dietary intake does not appear to be the culprit for these issues, and other factors are likely at play."

A previous study conducted by the research team identified a relationship between increased cortisol response to stress and gastrointestinal symptoms in people with autism spectrum disorder. Cortisol is a hormone released by the body in times of stress, and one of its functions is to prevent the release of substances in the body that cause inflammation. In this study, the researchers sought to confirm or rule out dietary intake as a source of gastrointestinal problems.

The team studied 75 individuals between the ages of 5 and 18 who are part of the Autism Speaks Autism Treatment Network who were treated at the MU Thompson Center for Autism and Neurodevelopmental Disorders. The individuals' caregivers completed a questionnaire to assess the children's gastrointestinal symptoms, as well as a questionnaire on food intake over the past month. The individuals also underwent two stress tests to measure cortisol levels.

"We looked at the reported instances of gastrointestinal issues and compared them with 32 different nutrients found in a standard diet," Ferguson said. "Contrary to what you may initially think, dietary composition does not appear to be a driving factor between stress response and gastrointestinal function in this sample. More research is needed to better understand the causes of these issues, but an increased reaction to stress does appear to be a contributing factor."

Explore further: Increased reaction to stress linked to gastrointestinal issues in children with autism

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Study: Diet not connected to GI problems in children with autism - Medical Xpress

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There probably weren't any overweight cavemen with heart disease running around in prehistoric times, so eating more like they did could help you be healthy andlose weight at least that's the theory behind the Paleo Diet.

Wondering whether the Paleo Diet is right for you? Here's what you need to know, from the basics to the pros and cons:

Theprotein-heavy,low-carb diet is inspired by the hunter-gatherers of the Paleolithic era (about 2.5 million to 10,000 years ago).

The Paleo Diet includes lots of lean meats, fish, fruits, vegetables, nuts and seeds. Advocates of the Paleo Diet think that your body is naturally better suited to this type of diet than to the foods that emerged along with agriculture, such as dairy products and grains, which are strictly limited. Refined sugar,salt, highly processed foods and potatoes are also limited.

Paleo proponents believe that the human body was unable to adapt to the dietary changes that came about because of farming. As a result, these types of foods are believed to contribute to obesity,diabetes and heart disease.

The diet was first created in the 1970s by a gastroenterologist, but it started to become extremely popular around 2012-2013 as part of the wider low-carb trend. This year, it's been named themost popular diet choice among Americans according to a survey by organic delivery service Green Chef.

Potential health benefits

Since the Paleo Diet emphasizes vegetables, fruits and nuts, it contains some healthy foods that are high in nutrients. Fruits and vegetables are also usually low in calories.

You're likely to feel full and satisfied while you're on The Paleo Diet, since it's high in protein and fiber. This may make you less likely to overeat, so you may be able to lose some weight. This is especially true if you're replacing unhealthy sugary or processed foods with vegetables, fruits and nuts.

Cutting out or reducing refined sugar and processed foods is a good idea generally, since they provide very little nutritional value and are loaded with calories. Most Americans consume too much of both, and they can contribute to obesity, which raises your risk of developingType 2 diabetes.

Similarly, most Americans gettoo much salt in their daily diet, often from processed foods, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). This can raise your risk of high blood pressure, stroke and heart disease.

The Paleo Diet was ranked36 of 38 best overall diets evaluated by U.S. News & World Report in 2017. Itranked last among diets that are best for weight loss and34th among diets for healthy eating.

The magazine consulted experts who believed that because entire healthy food groups were excluded, the Paleo Diet made it hard for dieters to get the nutrients they needed. In fact, the diet was considered to be somewhat unsafe.

Similarly, The Mayo Clinic found the diet to betoo restrictive. While it does have some healthy elements, it eliminates or limits foods that can be very nutritious. Whole grains and legumes, for example, are good sources of fiber, vitamins and other nutrients, includingmagnesium and selenium. Dairy products can be good sources ofvitamin D,potassium andcalcium.

The diet can also be difficult to follow over the long-term,Lenox Hill Hospital nutritionist Sharon Zarabi told CBS News. It can be challenging for busy people since it limits convenience foods, she said.

Finally,Scientific American called the diet "half-baked," reasoning that Paleo is based on oversimplified logic. We're biologically different from our predecessors who weren't that healthy anyway and today's foods aren't identical to what the cavemen were eating.

Excerpt from:
Considering the Paleo Diet? Here's what you need to know - Atlanta Journal Constitution

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Old 'grapefruit diet' gaining new popularity

Amanda Jaeger , KTHV 10:33 PM. CDT July 11, 2017

Grapefruit Diet, Credit: KTHV

LITTLE ROCK, Ark. (KTHV) - Many fad diets come and go but some seem to stick around through the decades. One of those diets is the grapefruit diet.

It has been around since the 1930s and claimed grapefruits are a type of super food that burn fat and make you lose weight fast. But is there any truth to it?

THV11 spoke with David Rath, a nutritionist for over 20 years. He has seen the grapefruit diet grow and fall in popularity.

Amanda Jaeger & David Rath, Credit: KTHV

The premise behind it is that grapefruit has a substance in it that causes you to lose weight, he said.

People claim grapefruit is so filling, you can only eat so many per day, which means consuming a lot fewer calories. Other variations of the diet call for people to eat at least half a grapefruit or 4 ounces of 100 percent grapefruit juice before each meal to make them less hungry and lose fat. Others claim grapefruits have super enzymes to burn fat.

Rath said most of those claims arent true, but grapefruits do have great qualities for people to consider. Theyre high in Vitamin C, an antioxidant that helps reduce the risk for disease. Theyre low in calories. If you eat the whole fruit, including the pulp, it can help lower your cholesterol.

The catch is those amazing qualities arent only evident in grapefruits. Most fruits and vegetables have some of those qualities.

Credit: KTHV

Fruits and vegetables are about 90 percent water and have a lot of fiber that fills you up without getting you many calories, said Rath.

He added people should absolutely include grapefruits into their diet, as well as other fruits and vegetables and foods from the five major food groups. He said the age-old truth make sure to eat those fruits and veggies really does win. It is the key to making you feel fuller while consuming fewer calories and giving you great nutrients.

But there are dangers with the grapefruit diet models that tout eating grapefruits on overload while skimping out on other healthy foods. Its also dangerous to use any of the grapefruit diet models that recommend eating a low number of calories each day.

It can actually be harmful to your weight loss goals and cause you to go into starvation mode from consuming too few calories, said Rath. Very low-calorie diets make the body think it is starving, which lowers your metabolism, and makes it hard for you to lose weight.

Too many grapefruits and too few calories will also not provide you the nutrition your body needs. Even if your weight drops temporarily, its not going to last and it could cause more damage than you would think.

That type of diet is not sustainable because people aren't going to eat like that for the rest of their life, he said.

Credit: KTHV

Rath added the best way to stay healthy is to make good meal choices from the five food groups while staying within your recommended calorie level. Its important to incorporate physical activity because that's another way to burn calories and maintain good fitness levels.

It's also important to check with your doctor and nutritionist before trying any new diets because they can interact with medication.

Grapefruits, for example, can interact with certain medications and cause serious health issues.

For more information on healthy eating and living just click here.For more information from David Rath, you can visit his website here.

2017 KTHV-TV

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Age-old grapefruit diet, healthy or hazardous? - THV 11

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TUESDAY, July 11, 2017 (HealthDay News) -- Lifestyle counseling could help protect the long-term heart health of adults who aren't yet at high risk for heart attack and stroke, a panel of medical experts says.

The U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) on Tuesday reaffirmed its 2012 recommendation that doctors consider extra counseling on diet and exercise even among their low-risk patients.

"The Task Force encourages primary care clinicians to talk to their patients about eating healthy and physical activity," said task force vice chair Susan Curry. If patients are interested and motivated to make lifestyle changes, doctors should offer to refer them to counseling, she said.

Obese people and those who have high blood pressure or cholesterol levels, diabetes, or problems maintaining normal blood sugar levels are at higher risk for heart disease. The USPSTF already advised doctors to offer their high-risk patients intensive behavioral counseling to help prevent heart attack, stroke and other heart-related problems.

This type of counseling involves more than a single conversation during a doctor's visit. In many cases, patients attend multiple counseling sessions with another health care professional.

In its final recommendation published July 11, the panel concluded that primary care doctors should also consider offering healthy lifestyle behavioral counseling to patients who are at moderate or low risk for heart disease, including those who exercise and have a generally healthy diet.

"This recommendation complements separate task force recommendations for people at increased risk, which recommend behavioral counseling for all high-risk patients," said Dr. Carol Mangione, a task force member.

The recommendation was published in the Journal of the American Medical Association. It also appears on the USPSTF website.

Cardiovascular disease, which includes heart attacks and strokes, is the leading cause of death in the United States, the panel noted.

See the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention for more on healthy living.

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Docs Should Counsel Even Healthy People on Diet, Exercise, Experts Say - Bismarck Tribune

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For Lily Collins, landing the role of a woman suffering from anorexia in Netflixs To the Bone was serendipitous.

The actress dealt with anorexia and bulimia as a teen, and had just finished writing a chapter on the experience for her memoir, Unfiltered.

For me, it wasa sign from the world saying, This is probably something that is actually bigger than you. Theres a larger thing in play here and both are going to be able to better inform one another, Collins, 28,told USA Today. When you have your lifes mission and the mission of a project merge like this so beautifully, thats like total magic.

Collins and writer/director Marti Noxon, who also overcame anorexia in her 20s, hope the film creates a conversation around a topic that is still considered taboo. They say their intention is not, as some critics have alleged, to glamorize the disease.

I nor Marti, nor anyone on the cast, would ever set out to make a film that would glamorize or encourage a disorder that I, and Marti, personally went through, that was so negative, Collins told Access Hollywood. So coming from that place, we just hope to start a conversation and look forward to people seeing the actual film.

The filmmakers also contacted Project Heal, a non-profit that supplies grant money to eating disorder sufferers who cant afford treatment, to consult on the film.

But there is concern over Collins decision to lose weight for the role, which she says was vital to inhabit the character.

For me, I just wanted to feel like I was paying homage to the 16 year old girl that I was, that wouldve wanted to see this movie, but at the time I was just an actor playing a character, she said.

And Collins emphasizes that she lost weight safely, and they also relied on special effects to make her body look more severe.

There was never a weight goal, there was never a number. Its something that I decided to do as an actor for a role. You lose weight, you gain weight, you change your hair color. Theres so many different things that you can physically change for a character, she said. I always knew that wed have the ability to have an amazing wardrobe team, makeup team, CGI team as well to help aid in those moments that needed to be specific in the script.

RELATED VIDEO:Lily Collins Writes an Open Letter to Dad Phil Collins: I Forgive the Mistakes You Made

They also made a point not to unnecessarily show her body.

Marti was always very adamant that there were specific moments in the script that she wanted to show body parts, or theres only one time where you see her whole body, Collins said. But other than that, its not about glamorizing, fetishizing, showing images that didnt need to be seen. It was about the story.

To the Bone premieres on Netflix on July 14.

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Lily Collins Says To the Bone Doesn't Glamorize Anorexia: 'We Hope to Start a Conversation' - PEOPLE.com

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The Alamo Fire hasnt just displacedpeople and pets from their homes, but livestock as well.

Evacuation orders in the Tepusquet Canyon area resulted in stressed livestock and owners.

Fifteen hogs, some cattle, and someturkeys that were to beshowcased at the upcoming Santa Barbara County Fair were taken to the Santa Maria Fairpark ahead of schedule for safe keeping.

We brought in six pigs earlyon Saturday morning. The fairgrounds allowed us to do this which helped us a lot since the pigs had to be evacuated from Tepusquet Canyon and then got evacuated a second time from Santa Maria Mesa, said Trudy Shank, Swine Leader for Cinco Campanas 4-H.

Although all the animals made it out of the evacuation zonesafely, the sudden change of location and temperature took a toll on a few of them.

Soon to be 4-H President Emma Cosma planned to auction off her hog, Luna, at the upcoming fairbut the outcome changed due to the fire. Luna, along with two other pigs were evacuated from Cosma's property.

"All three of them had to be evacuated and we took them to our friends at the end of the mesa by the vineyards, and then not24 hours laterand they got evacuated again with their pigs and my pig ended up not making weight," she said.

Its really hard on the pig when you take and you move them multiple times. They lose weight really easy,Shank said.

Another 4-H member, Collin Callaway, faced the challenge of having to move his cattle in a three-hour road trip in which his cow, Lily, faced several temperature changes.

If we keep on going they get a breeze from the trailer so they stay cool, and if we need, we have ice in the ice chest and if we need we can pour ice water on them, he explained.

The 4-H members have been raising their animals for months, but the real challenge came when evacuations were ordered. Thanks to the Santa Maria Fairpark, all of the animals have a new safe place to stay.

With thousands of people making their way to the fair this week and several fires still burning in the area, it's important to know if the air quality is safe for your health. To check the hour-by-hour conditions of the air quality in Santa Barbara County, click here.

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Some county fair animals affected by Alamo Fire - KSBY San Luis Obispo News

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Parke County, Ind. - ATV riders thrive off the smell of exhaust and a challenging course to tackle.

That's exactly what happened to number of 4-H kids in Parke County.

Not only did they create memories, they also learned the importance of ATV safety.

Rebecca Brumfield traveled to the Parke County Fairgrounds for the story.

With the new helmet law just taking affect July first and many ATV accidents happening here recently in the Valley this training couldn't have been scheduled for a better time.

Riders of all ages, ranging from third graders to seniors in high school, decked out in helmets, safety wear, and goggles conquer a track designed to increase spacial awareness and tilt control.

"The kids are just fantastic," says Denise Bannon. "So we love being with the kids and showing them how [to be safe] and they listen."

Both Denise Bannon and her husband Jerry are certified safety instructors through Purdue.

They've been giving back to their community for a full decade.

One of their returning riders, Colten Harkrider, has been racing since he was four-years-old.

For him, feeling the throttle served many purposes.

"When I was around 16, I did lose my mother," says Harkrider. "And ATV riding was kind of my turn to thing. It was my release."

For Harkrider, racing, riding with friends or anything on the ATV, let's him feel like he's on top of the world.

"It's a lot of fun and that's why I do it...for the adrenaline rush," says Harkrider.

But even he knows, safety is ultimately the most important.

"In general, it's just all important," says Harkrider. "I mean, it doesn't matter where you are at, where you live at, who you are. This can affect anyone."

4-Hers and their parents leave with more than just new friends.

They leave with new skills, new limits, new expectations and new survival tips.

"That's the whole goal," says Bannon. "Is to show them, that they can get out of a jam safely and to shift their weight."

The riders went through the course, pushing barrels out of the way, squeezing through tight spaces, riding on two tires and even going over obstacles like the see-saw.

Along with the course portion which you saw, 4-Hers also learned how to properly secure an ATV onto a trailer.

They sat through a written test portion, and even learned the parts of an ATV to learn how to fix any mechanical issues.

Read more here:
4-Her's Learn ATV Safety - MyWabashValley

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