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Friday, May 12, 2017 at 11:55 a.m.

Getting their morning workout in

Photo by Gabriel San Roman / OC Weekly

Activists tuned their jaranasbefore marching on Planet Fitness in Orange this morning to protest wage theft. Day laborers who worked at the gym site last December joined in the spirited picket strumming their own instruments and chanting, "No pay? No way!" Leaflets handed out to people walking in to get their morning exercise spelled out the labor dispute.

OC Colaborativacomprised of Colectivo Tonantzin, the National Day Laborer Organizing Network and UCI Immigrant Rights Cliniccharged that Planet Fitness hired nine jornaleros to work on three OC gyms through a subcontractor who left the state after stiffing them at the end of the job.

"For many of the days, they worked 10-17 hour shifts up until 2 a.m.," said P.J. Flores, an activist with Colectivo Tonantzin. "For all the workers, they're owed over $100,000 in total." Activists first protested at Planet Fitness' Laguna Niguel gym where the unpaid workers wrapped up the job in January. The fitness club's lawyers sat down and talked with OC Colaborativa members, but the issue remained unresolved.

The picket in Orange originally had been planned for last Friday, but got delayed in hopes a new round of negotiations could end with terms agreeable to all. "So far, they only want to pay three of the workers $19,000 but that doesn't even begin to cover all the expenses," Flores said. "We're going to keep pushing until all of them are paid."

The day laborers did tiling, moved equipment and built bathrooms for Planet Fitness gyms in Orange, Laguna Niguel and Huntington Beach. Day laborer Pedro Montiel took a break from the picket line before handing off the guitar he strummed. "We want the people watching us to support us and our cause," Montiel said in Spanish."We want to be paid what we're due."

Day laborers asked Alex Chem of Phaenix Innovations West when they were going to be paid for their work. The subcontractor claimed that he hadn't received the checks from Planet Fitness. Chem later stopped answering the phone and the workers never saw him again.

Flores and Montiel walked into the Orange gym and explained the situation to the employee working the front desk. She recognized the worker and promised she'd pass along his message to the manager who wasn't onsite at the time. The Weeklyreached out to Planet Fitness' corporate headquarters, but received no response.

"We're hoping this picket pressures Planet Fitness into finally ending this without going to court," Flores said. "But if they still don't want to pay, we will continue with either the Department of Labor or OC Superior Court to file a lawsuit to make sure the workers get paid."

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Day Laborers Hold Wage Theft Picket Outside Planet Fitness in Orange - OC Weekly

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ROBINS AIR FORCE BASE, Ga. --

May is National Physical Activity Month, and while its no secret that regular physical activity is one of the most important things you can do for your health we can all use a reminder of just what the exact benefits are.

Regular physical activity can help:

Manage weight

Reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease

Reduce the risk of type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome

Reduce the risk of some cancers

Strengthen muscles and bone

Improve mood and mental health

Improve the ability to do daily activities and prevent falls, if you're an older adult

Increase the chances of living longer

If you're worried about becoming active or boosting physical activity because you're afraid of getting hurt, the good news is that moderately-intense aerobic activity, like brisk walking, is generally safe for most people but, here are a couple of things to remember when starting out:

Start slow. Cardiac events, such as a heart attack, are rare during physical activity but, the risk does go up when you suddenly become much more active than usual. For example, you can put yourself at risk if you arent usually physical active and then all of a sudden start off with vigorous-intensity aerobic activity, like shoveling snow. That's why it's important to start slow and gradually increase your level of activity.

If you have a chronic health issue such as arthritis, diabetes, or heart disease, talk with your doctor to find out if your condition limits your ability to be active. Then, work with your doctor to come up with a physical activity plan that matches your abilities. If your condition stops you from meeting the minimum guidelines, ask your doctor how much is safe for you and try to do as much as you can. What's important is that you avoid being inactive because even as little as 60 minutes a week of moderate-intensity aerobic activity is good for you. Generally speaking, the health benefits of physical activity far outweigh the risks.

So now lets talk about the ways that physical activity improves your health by reviewing a synopsis of information from both the National Institute of Health and the National Physical Activity Society:

Physical Activity Helps Manage Weight

Are you looking to get to or stay at a healthy weight? Good nutrition and physical activity play a critical role in weight control. You gain weight when the calories you burn are less than the calories you consume. For more information talk with your doctor or stop by the Health Promotions Office to explore one of our free Body Composition Improvement programs and tools. Remember, when it comes to weight management, its not one size fits all; people vary greatly in how much physical activity they need depending on their goals and you may need to be more active than others to achieve or maintain a healthy weight based on other factors.

To maintain your weight: Work your way up to 150 minutes of moderate-intensity aerobic activity, 75 minutes of vigorous-intensity aerobic activity, or an equivalent mix of the two each week. Strongscientific evidence shows that physical activity can help you maintain your weight over time.

To lose weight and keep it off: Youll need a high amount of physical activity unless you also adjust your diet and reduce the amount of calories you're eating and drinking. Getting to and staying at a healthy weight requires both regular physical activity and a healthy eating plan. While physical activity is important for maintenance, nutrition is even more important. The Health Promotions Office has tools and information about nutrition, physical activity and weight loss. Give us a call at 478-327-8480 or stop by and ask about our Performance Nutrition and Better Body Better Life Programs.

Physical activity helps reduce the risk ofcardiovascular disease

Heart disease and stroke are two of the leading causes of death in the United States but getting at least 150 minutes a week (2 hours and 30 minutes) of moderate-intensity aerobic activity can put you at a lower risk for these diseases. You can reduce your risk further with even more physical activity. Regular physical activity can also lower your blood pressure and improve your cholesterol levels and you know what? There is a class for that as well, taught by our disease management nurses at the 78th Medical Group so call the Health Promotions Office for dates and times.

Physical Activity helps reduce the risk ofType 2 Diabetes and Metabolic Syndrome

Regular physical activity can reduce your risk of developing type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome. Metabolic syndrome is a condition in which you have some combination of too much fat around the waist, high blood pressure, low HDL cholesterol, high triglycerides or high blood sugar. Research shows that lower rates of these conditions are seen with 120 to 150 minutes (2 hours to 2 hours and 30 minutes) a week of at least moderate-intensity aerobic activity and the more physical activity you do, the lower your risk will be.

Already have type 2 diabetes? Regular physical activity and proper nutrition can help control your blood glucose levels. To find out more, enroll in one of the monthly Diabetic Nutrition classes through the Health Promotions Office.

Physical Activity helps reduce the risksome cancers

Being physically active lowers your risk for colon and breast cancer. Research shows that:

Physically active people have a lower risk of colon cancer than people who are not active.

Physically active people have a lower risk of breast cancer than people who are not active.

Physical activity may help reduce your risk of endometrial and lung cancer. Although the research is not yet final, some findings suggest that your risk of endometrial cancer and lung cancer may be lower if you get regular physical activity compared to people who are not active.

Improve your quality of life. If you are a cancer survivor, research shows that getting regular physical activity not only helps give you a better quality of life, but also improves your physical fitness.

Physical activity helps strengthen muscle and bones

As we age, it's important to protect bones, joints and muscles because they not only support our bodies and help us move, but keeping bones, joints and muscles healthy can help ensure that you're able to do daily activities and be physically active.

Research shows that doing aerobics, muscle-strengthening and bone-strengthening physical activity of at least a moderately-intense level can slow the loss of bone density that comes with age.

Regular physical activity helps with arthritis and other conditions affecting the joints. If you have arthritis, research shows that doing 130 to 150 (2 hours and 10 minutes to 2 hours and 30 minutes) a week of moderate-intensity, low-impact aerobic activity can not only improve your ability to manage pain and do everyday tasks, it can also make your quality of life better.

Regular physical activity builds strong, healthy muscles. Muscle-strengthening activities can help you increase or maintain your muscle mass and strength while slowly increasing the amount of weight and number of repetitions you do gives you even more benefits, no matter what your age is.

Physical activity helps improve mood andmental health

Regular physical activity can help keep your thinking, learning and judgment skills sharp as you age. It can also reduce your risk of depression and may help you sleep better. Research has shown that doing aerobics or a mix of aerobic and muscle-strengthening activities 3 to 5 times a week for 30 to 60 minutes can give you these mental health benefits.

Physical activity helps improve the ability todo everyday activities and prevent falls

A functional limitation is a loss of the ability to do everyday activities such as climbing stairs, grocery shopping or playing with children.

If you're a physically active middle-aged or older adult, you have a lower risk of functional limitations than people who are inactive and if you are already having trouble doing some of your everyday activities, aerobic and muscle-strengthening activities can help improve your ability to do these types of tasks. If you are you an older adult who is at risk for falls doing balance and muscle-strengthening activities each week along with moderate-intensity aerobic activity, like brisk walking, can help reduce your risk of falling.

Physical activity helps increase the chance of living longer

Physical activity can reduce your risk of dying early from the leading causes of death, like heart disease and some cancers and is a lifestyle choice that has a large impact on your health.

People who are physically active for about seven hours a week have a 40 percent lower risk of dying early than those who are active for less than 30 minutes a week.

If you dont think thats where you are at yet, keep in mind that you don't have to do high amounts of activity or vigorous-intensity activity to reduce your risk of premature death; you can lower your risk of dying early by doing at least 150 minutes a week of moderate-intensity aerobic activity.

Everyone can gain the health benefits of physical activity - age, ethnicity, shape or size dont matter, so, take advantage of all the activities and facilities at Robins Air Force Base. Whether its bowling or golfing, hitting the gym or pool at the fitness center, participating in intramural sports activities, or using the 5K nature trail while participating in fun runs and Health Promotions/ Fitness Center events, there is sure to be something for everyone.

For more information call the Health Promotions Office at 478-327-8480.

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Fitness Month: The benefits of physical activity - Robins Rev Up

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DE PERE, Wis. (WBAY) - St. Norbert College will dedicate the new Mulva Family Fitness and Sports Center expansion Friday.

The $26 million facility is located at the corner of Third and Marsh Streets. The dedication ceremony is scheduled for 3 p.m.

The fitness and sports center has been under construction since April 1.

The center went from 80,000 square feet to almost 130,000 square feet.

The college says the jewel of this expansion is a competition-grade swimming pool and diving area that overlooks the Fox River. The pool allows the college to compete in NCAA Division III swimming.

The fitness center also offers views of the Fox River.

The Mulva Family Fitness and Sports Center was named for primary donors James and Miriam Mulva, who gave $13 million for the project. It is the largest individual contribution in the college's history.

The Mulva Family Fitness Center is an expansion of the Schuldes Sports Center, which was named for contributor Malcolm Schuldes. The college says the Schuldes name will be commemorated in the new center.

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St. Norbert to dedicate new Mulva Family Fitness and Sports Center - WBAY

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Paul Mariner and Alexis Nunes go head-to-head in predictor as the Premier League approaches the final turn.

LIVERPOOL -- Liverpool will have to check on the fitness of Roberto Firmino and Lucas Leiva ahead of Sunday's crucial match at West Ham United, manager Jurgen Klopp has said.

The Brazilian duo are dealing with muscle problems and have been unable to train at Melwood this past week. However, there is a boost for Liverpool as Klopp says Daniel Sturridge and Adam Lallana are both now fit enough to start matches after returning from injury.

"We spoke about Roberto. Since a few weeks [ago] we have to manage the intensity in training," Klopp told a news conference on Friday morning. "It's a little bit another muscle which he feels. Everybody can imagine, Roberto is a real mentality player, so he wants always [to play]. We need to make the decisions for him sometimes.

"We left him out of training. It's a muscle thing. We have to wait and give him as much time as possible. Lucas, after the game, [felt the same]. I asked both a lot of times, 'OK? OK?' and everybody said 'Yes, yes'. After the game they felt it.

"After the game, Lucas felt two different muscles and we said: 'OK, we have to wait also'. Lucas could be back in training today, we have to see. Roberto, tomorrow if possible. Then we make the decisions."

Sturridge has not started a match for Liverpool since late January, but has appeared as a second-half substitute in four of the Reds' last five games.

Meanwhile, after returning from a thigh injury that kept him sidelined for around a month, Lallana managed 74 minutes against Watford before playing the final 21 minutes of Sunday's goalless draw with Southampton.

When asked whether Sturridge could start at the London Stadium, Klopp replied: "How he looked yesterday, ready. That's good. I was really happy about having the opportunity to [have] the starting line up and then you can bring a fresh Daniel Sturridge on.

"After Watford, when Adam came in early, he felt the 70 minutes really. We had to manage the intensity through the week. After coming from injury, if you could immediately play 90 minutes that would be perfect. But, unfortunately in football, the real match is too intense that you can work that hard in training.

"He trained only twice before this game [against Southampton last weekend]. He was an option, but actually not for starting. Now he is in another situation, so that means we have two more options, if nothing else happens. I've said it a few times, as long as we have 11, we will fight."

Liverpool are sitting third in the Premier League table ahead of the trip to the capital, with Champions League qualification in their own hands.

The Liverpool manager concedes that playing in Europe's premier competition next season does help recruit better players in the transfer window.

"It probably has influence, that's how it is," Klopp said. "The players we are talking to, that's how it is, because they are all good players and I know they have offers from other clubs and maybe they play Champions League or not.

"It's important for the club. Everybody knows it's a lot of money for the Champions League, it's not only the sports challenge which is really exciting, it's the money you can earn. As a football club, of course, we have to do this too. That's the situation."

Klopp added: "Should I go the players in the dressing room and say: 'Boys, the better you play, the better the players are which take your places next year?' That makes absolutely no sense.

"We all know the situation and the players want to qualify and play in this fantastic tournament, as I want.

"All the talks we've had are very positive so far, but that doesn't mean that all will work out. We have to give everything and then have to see if we could convince the player or not."

Glenn is ESPN FC's Liverpool correspondent. You can follow him on Twitter: @GlennPrice94.

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Lucas, Firmino doubtful; Sturridge, Lallana fit - ESPN FC

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With Mothers Day around the corner, its a good time to reflect on how much our mothers have done for us. Its also a time to think about all the soon-to-be and new mothers that are celebrating their first Mothers Day. The time mothers have for self-care is limited and so are the resources to get back after babythat is, until now.

Houston Heights residents Ingrid Hanna and Hallie Agerphysical therapists, fitness enthusiasts and mothersstarted online postpartum rehabilitation programBack After Babyin March to help new mothers bridge the gap between their pre- and post-pregnancy bodies. Former colleagues, Hanna initially reached out to Ager to develop a series of workshops for new mothers using her fitness background and their multiple years of physical therapy experience.

I knew that Hallie and I would work together again someday, Hanna says. The idea turned into a web-based program because we needed to make something that was realistic and accessible. It was not realistic to expect a new mother to be able to attend a workshop or three physical therapy sessions a week.

Both womenstressed that the program is about much more than losing weight. You go to the doctor for six weeks after having the baby, and thats it. Theres no education on how to recruit and wake up your muscles," adds Agee. "The aches and pains dont have to be there. Mothers want to get their muscle and strength back.

There are three phases to the six-month program: relearn, restore and revive. The relearn phase is what the averagewoman needs most postpartum. During this phase, new mothers relearn movement patterns, muscle activation and prevent or correct muscular imbalances.

Restore, the second phase, builds up core stability, mobility, range of motion and muscular strength. Revive, the final phase, builds on strength and mobility gains to prepare new mothers to begin any exercise program. Detailed exercise videos demonstrate proper form, reps or length of time for each exercise. Just as important, the program stresses everyday form and posture to minimize stress on joints and bad mechanics performing everyday activities.

Back After Baby costs $20 per month for the first six months and $5 per month for any additional months. Users may be able to skip phases, or it may take longer than six months to achieve pre-pregnancy abilitiesevery person starts at a different level.

Mother's Day will come and go, but the benefits momsreceive from safely and effectively transitioning back to a full-fledged exercise routine will make every day a celebration.

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How to Get Your Fitness Groove Back After Baby - Houstonia Magazine

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Endocrinology Advisor

HIIT Exercise Programs Show Similar Efficacy As Moderate Intensity Programs Endocrinology Advisor HealthDay News Short-term moderate-intensity to high-intensity interval training (HIIT) leads to modest body composition improvements in overweight and obese individuals, according to research published online in Obesity Reviews. Michael Wewege ...

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HIIT Exercise Programs Show Similar Efficacy As Moderate Intensity Programs - Endocrinology Advisor

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WPAFB adjusts tornado training as real storms threaten

Evaluators change exercise to avoid confusion

By 88th Air Base Wing Public Affairs

With the receipt of the Crisis Action Team directors message of ENDEX May 5, Team Wright-Patt completed another week-long, installation-wide, quarterly exercise.

As is the goal with most exercises of this type, evaluators had the opportunity during the week to observe and assess the bases ability to respond to a range of scenarios that individuals and organizations might have to face in an emergency.

According to Carmen Riches, chief, Base Exercise Programs, the goal with base-wide exercises is to practice responding to events that might happen at Wright-Patterson AFB, but she also pointed out a factor that caused adjustments during the course of the exercise.

That factor came in the form of forecasted storms, which, ironically enough, caused the cancellation of a robust tornado response exercise later in the week.

When real-world weather rolled in on Thursday, we canceled our weather exercise, Riches said.

With an unfavorable weather forecast of high winds and storms to consider, and after due deliberation among Wing Inspection Team members, it was decided to cancel that event. Riches said the importance of safety for the emergency responders, the exercise volunteer role-players and the base populace affected by the exercise events could not be overstated.

In planning, we use an abundance of caution to ensure people always know This is an exercise, Riches said. If theres any doubt people could think the exercise is real, we make adjustments. In this case we did just that.

Although some of the planned scenarios were canceled, many unit-level events, such as employing an automated external defibrillator on a heart attack victim and also exercising a units continuity of operations plan, or COOP, were scrutinized.

A COOP details actions that a unit must take if forced to relocate should their main work center no longer is viable. While lower in visibility to the rest of the installation, these COOP exercises allowed units the valuable opportunity to validate plans designed to ensure that a unit can continue its mission-essential functions and tasks from an alternate location if called upon to do so. Resources such as computer connectivity, communications, adequate facilities and other factors are assessed and workers are tested to confirm, or show the need to amend, these important organizational contingency plans.

Stating her final thoughts about the exercise Riches repeated the time-honored axiom of practice makes perfect. Then, as a post script to the canceled weather exercise, she had a real-world reminder for Team Wright-Patt.

Even though we didnt exercise our tornado, its a high risk here in the Dayton area, Riches said. Always make sure that you and your family are prepared.

Upon evaluating the results of the recent exercise, Riches and the Wing Inspection Team members will turn their sights on the next exercise, which is planned for July 31 through Aug. 4.

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WPAFB adjusts 'tornado' training as real storms threaten - Dayton Daily News

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DALLAS, TX--(Marketwired - May 11, 2017) - In the news release, "Weight Loss Surgeon in Dallas Explains the Necessity of Thorough Pre- and Post-Surgical Care Services," issued earlier today by Kim Bariatric Institute, we are advised that the source has been updated to "DFW Bariatric Institute" and the logo has been updated, as well. Complete corrected release follows.

Weight Loss Surgeon in Dallas Explains the Necessity of Thorough Pre- and Post-Surgical Care Services

Dr. Manuel Castro, Medical Director of the DFW Bariatric Institute and Medical Director of Bariatric Surgery at Destiny Surgery Center, discusses the importance of access to comprehensive care and support before and after weight loss surgery

DALLAS, TX -- May 11, 2017 --Surgical treatments for individuals fighting severe obesity have helped thousands of people across America lose significant amounts of weight and reduce serious and life-threatening risks to their health. While the surgery itself is an important step in the treatment process, it is often only one part of a full program designed to help patients lose weight safely and support them through the physical and emotional aspects of the journey they are embarking upon. Dr. Manuel Castro, a Dallas weight loss surgeon and Medical Director of the DFW Bariatric Institute, says comprehensive care both before and after surgery is a necessary and even vital component to the overall treatment process. "Weight loss surgery provides patients with a tool to assist in modification of lifestyle. Therefore, pre- and post-operative programs that assist in lifestyle change, including diet, exercise, and eating behaviors, lead to improved long-term weight control."

The surgical weight loss program at the DFW Bariatric Institute involves a multidisciplinary approach that gives patients access to many types of assistance. Nutritionists, psychologists, dietitians, exercise specialists, experienced nurses, and bariatric surgeons themselves are all on-hand to provide patients with the guidance and support they need both before and after the surgery. Both online and in-person weight loss surgery support groups are also available through the practice to help patients meet others who are going through similar circumstances. Dr. Castro says these groups can be very helpful for patients from both an educational and an emotional perspective, allowing them to listen to others' experiences and to talk about their own. "Individual and group counseling help educate and motivate patients. In general, support group sessions provide ideas that patients can try on their own in order to fine-tune their lifestyle change."

When it comes to the pre- and post-operative periods for patients, Dr. Castro says some of the most important components include:

Dr. Castro notes that the period before surgery ultimately gives patients the opportunity to develop a greater understanding of what they can expect, and the aftercare stage is designed to assist them with safely and effectively losing weight while offering a helping hand down the challenging path of the dietary and physical changes they will need to navigate during life after weight loss surgery. In addition to these aspects of support, Dr. Castro says the importance of emotional assistance cannot be underestimated. That's one reason why access to counseling in the time before and after treatment is a standard part of the program at the DFW Bariatric Institute. "The weight loss journey provided by bariatric surgery is marked by a significant number of emotional challenges. These range from alterations in self-esteem to changes in the workplace to modifications to marriage and friendship dynamics. These challenges are best handled when emotional support is provided by an experienced professional."

Dr. Castro says individuals should understand that there are programs available to help them through every step of the process. He encourages people who are considering bariatric surgery to seek out experienced weight loss surgeons who have established thorough treatment protocols that can serve their needs before, during, and long after they have surgery in order to maximize the potential for optimal results.

About the DFW Bariatric Institute

Dr. Manuel Castro is a Fellow of the American College of Surgeons and has performed more than 3,500 bariatric surgeries. He is a member of the American Society for Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery and the Texas Association for Bariatric Surgery. Dr. Castro and the team of weight loss surgeons at the DFW Bariatric Institute offer a full range of bariatric surgery treatment options, including gastric sleeve surgery, gastric bypass, and adjustable gastric banding procedures. The practice also offers advanced non-surgical treatments such as the gastric balloon and the Medical Weight Loss Program. The DFW Bariatric Institute provides an all-encompassing pre-treatment and aftercare program designed to help patients through all aspects of the weight loss process. Dr. Castro is available for interview upon request.

For more information about DFW Bariatric Institute, visit drdkim.net and https://www.facebook.com/dfwbi/.

To view the original source of this press release, click here: https://www.drdkim.net/practice-news/weight-loss-surgeon-in-dallas-explains-the-necessity-of-thorough-pre-and-post-surgical-care-services/

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CORRECTION - Weight Loss Surgeon in Dallas Explains the Necessity of Thorough Pre- and Post-Surgical Care ... - Benzinga

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Dieting is the practice of eating food in a regulated and supervised fashion to decrease, maintain, or increase body weight. In other words, it is conscious control or restriction of the diet. A restricted diet is often used by those who are overweight or obese, sometimes in combination with physical exercise, to reduce body weight. Some people follow a diet to gain weight (usually in the form of muscle). Diets can also be used to maintain a stable body weight and improve health. In particular, diets can be designed to prevent or treat diabetes.

Diets to promote weight loss can be categorized as: low-fat, low-carbohydrate, low-calorie, very low calorie and more recently flexible dieting.[1] A meta-analysis of six randomized controlled trials found no difference between low-calorie, low-carbohydrate, and low-fat diets, with a 24 kilogram weight loss over 1218 months in all studies.[1] At two years, all calorie-reduced diet types cause equal weight loss irrespective of the macronutrients emphasized.[2] In general, the most effective diet is any which reduces calorie consumption.[3]

A study published in American Psychologist found that short-term dieting involving "severe restriction of calorie intake" does not lead to "sustained improvements in weight and health for the majority of individuals".[4] Other studies have found that the average individual maintains some weight loss after dieting.[5] Weight loss by dieting, while of benefit to those classified as unhealthy, may slightly increase the mortality rate for individuals who are otherwise healthy.[6][7][8]

The first popular diet was "Banting", named after William Banting. In his 1863 pamphlet, Letter on Corpulence, Addressed to the Public, he outlined the details of a particular low-carbohydrate, low-calorie diet that had led to his own dramatic weight loss.[9]

One of the first dietitians was the English doctor George Cheyne. He himself was tremendously overweight and would constantly eat large quantities of rich food and drink. He began a meatless diet, taking only milk and vegetables, and soon regained his health. He began publicly recommending his diet for everyone suffering from obesity. In 1724, he wrote An Essay of Health and Long Life, in which he advises exercise and fresh air and avoiding luxury foods.[10]

The Scottish military surgeon, John Rollo, published Notes of a Diabetic Case in 1797. It described the benefits of a meat diet for those suffering from diabetes, basing this recommendation on Matthew Dobson's discovery of glycosuria in diabetes mellitus.[11] By means of Dobson's testing procedure (for glucose in the urine) Rollo worked out a diet that had success for what is now called type 2 diabetes.[12]

The first popular diet was "Banting", named after the English undertaker William Banting. In 1863, he wrote a booklet called Letter on Corpulence, Addressed to the Public, which contained the particular plan for the diet he had successfully followed. His own diet was four meals per day, consisting of meat, greens, fruits, and dry wine. The emphasis was on avoiding sugar, sweet foods, starch, beer, milk and butter. Bantings pamphlet was popular for years to come, and would be used as a model for modern diets.[13] The pamphlet's popularity was such that the question "Do you bant?" referred to his method, and eventually to dieting in general.[14] His booklet remains in print as of 2007.[9][15][16]

The first weight-loss book to promote calorie counting, and the first weight-loss book to become a bestseller, was the 1918 Diet and Health: With Key to the Calories by American physician and columnist Lulu Hunt Peters.[17]

The Atkins Diet was suggested by the American nutritionist Robert Atkins in 1958, in a research paper titled "Weight Reduction". Atkins used the study to resolve his own overweight condition and went on to popularize the method in a series of books, starting with Dr. Atkins' Diet Revolution in 1972. In his second book, Dr. Atkins' New Diet Revolution (1992), he modified parts of the diet but did not alter the original concepts.

Low-fat diets involve the reduction of the percentage of fat in one's diet. Calorie consumption is reduced because less fat is consumed. Diets of this type include NCEP Step I and II. A meta-analysis of 16 trials of 212months' duration found that low-fat diets (without intentional restriction of caloric intake) resulted in average weight loss of 3.2kg (7.1lb) over habitual eating.[1]

Low-carbohydrate diets such as Atkins and Protein Power are relatively high in protein and fats. Low-carbohydrate diets are sometimes ketogenic (i.e., they restrict carbohydrate intake sufficiently to cause ketosis).

Low-calorie diets usually produce an energy deficit of 5001,000 calories per day, which can result in a 0.5kilogram (1.1lb) to 1kilogram (2.2lb) weight loss per week. Some of the most commonly used low-calorie diets include DASH diet and Weight Watchers. The National Institutes of Health reviewed 34 randomized controlled trials to determine the effectiveness of low-calorie diets. They found that these diets lowered total body mass by 8% in the short term, over 312 months.[1] Women doing low-calorie diets should have at least 1,200 calories per day. Men should have at least 1,800 calories per day.

Very low calorie diets provide 200800 calories per day, maintaining protein intake but limiting calories from both fat and carbohydrates. They subject the body to starvation and produce an average loss of 1.52.5kilograms (3.35.5lb) per week. "2-4-6-8", a popular diet of this variety, follows a four-day cycle in which only 200 calories are consumed the first day, 400 the second day, 600 the third day, 800 the fourth day, and then totally fasting, after which the cycle repeats. These diets are not recommended for general use as they are associated with adverse side effects such as loss of lean muscle mass, increased risks of gout, and electrolyte imbalances. People attempting these diets must be monitored closely by a physician to prevent complications.[1]

Detox diets claim to eliminate "toxins" from the human body rather than claiming to cause weight loss. Many of these use herbs or celery and other juicy low-calorie vegetables.

Religious prescription may be a factor in motivating people to adopt a specific restrictive diet.[18] For example, the Biblical Book of Daniel (1:2-20, and 10:2-3) refers to a 10- or 21-day avoidance of foods (Daniel Fast) declared unclean by God in the laws of Moses.[18][19] In modern versions of the Daniel Fast, food choices may be limited to whole grains, fruits, vegetables, pulses, nuts, seeds and oil. The Daniel Fast resembles the vegan diet in that it excludes foods of animal origin.[19] The passages strongly suggest that the Daniel Fast will promote good health and mental performance.[18]

Fasting is practiced in various religions. Examples include Lent in Christianity; Yom Kippur, Tisha B'av, Fast of Esther, Tzom Gedalia, the Seventeenth of Tamuz, and the Tenth of Tevet in Judaism.[20]Muslims refrain from eating during the hours of daytime for one entire month, Ramadan, every year.

Details of fasting practices differ. Eastern Orthodox Christians fast during specified fasting seasons of the year, which include not only the better-known Great Lent, but also fasts on every Wednesday and Friday (except on special holidays), together with extended fasting periods before Christmas (the Nativity Fast), after Easter (the Apostles Fast) and in early August (the Dormition Fast). Members of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (Mormons) generally fast for 24 hours on the first Sunday of each month. Like Muslims, they refrain from all drinking and eating unless they are children or are physically unable to fast. Fasting is also a feature of ascetic traditions in religions such as Hinduism and Buddhism. Mahayana traditions that follow the Brahma's Net Sutra may recommend that the laity fast "during the six days of fasting each month and the three months of fasting each year" [Brahma's Net Sutra, minor precept 30]. Members of the Baha'i Faith observe a Nineteen Day Fast from sunrise to sunset during March each year.

Weight loss diets that manipulate the proportion of macronutrients (low-fat, low-carbohydrate, etc.) have been shown to be more effective than diets that maintain a typical mix of foods with smaller portions and perhaps some substitutions (e.g. low-fat milk, or less salad dressing).[21] Extreme diets may, in some cases, lead to malnutrition.

Nutritionists also agree on the importance of avoiding fats, especially saturated fats, to reduce weight and to be healthier. They also agree on the importance of reducing salt intake because foods including snacks, biscuits, and bread already contain ocean-salt, contributing to an excess of salt daily intake.[22]

MyPyramid Food Guidance System is the result of extensive research performed by the United States Department of Agriculture to revise the original Food Guide Pyramid. It offers a wide array of personalized options to help individuals make healthy food choices. It also provides advice on physical activity.[23]

One of the most important things to take into consideration when either trying to lose or put on weight is output versus input. It is important to know the amount of energy your body is using every day, so that your intake fits the needs of one's personal weight goal. Someone wanting to lose weight would want a smaller energy intake than what they put out. There is increasing research-based evidence that low-fat vegetarian diets consistently lead to healthy weight loss and management, a decrease in diabetic symptoms[24] as well as improved cardiac health.[25]

When the body is expending more energy than it is consuming (e.g. when exercising), the body's cells rely on internally stored energy sources, such as complex carbohydrates and fats, for energy. The first source to which the body turns is glycogen (by glycogenolysis). Glycogen is a complex carbohydrate, 65% of which is stored in skeletal muscles and the remainder in the liver (totaling about 2,000 kcal in the whole body). It is created from the excess of ingested macronutrients, mainly carbohydrates. When glycogen is nearly depleted, the body begins lipolysis, the mobilization and catabolism of fat stores for energy. In this process, fats, obtained from adipose tissue, or fat cells, are broken down into glycerol and fatty acids, which can be used to generate energy.[26] The primary by-products of metabolism are carbon dioxide and water; carbon dioxide is expelled through the respiratory system.

Some weight loss groups aim to make money, others work as charities. The former include Weight Watchers and Peertrainer. The latter include Overeaters Anonymous and groups run by local organizations.

These organizations' customs and practices differ widely. Some groups are modelled on twelve-step programs, while others are quite informal. Some groups advocate certain prepared foods or special menus, while others train dieters to make healthy choices from restaurant menus and while grocery-shopping and cooking.

A 2008 study published in the American Journal of Preventive Medicine showed that dieters who kept a daily food diary (or diet journal), lost twice as much weight as those who did not keep a food log, suggesting that if you record your eating, you wouldn't eat as many calories.[27]

A 2009 review found that existing limited evidence suggested that encouraging water consumption and substituting energy-free beverages for energy-containing beverages (i.e., reducing caloric intake) may facilitate weight management. A 2009 article found that drinking 500ml of water prior to meals for a 12-week period resulted in increased long-term weight reduction. (References given in main article.)

Lengthy fasting can be dangerous due to the risk of malnutrition and should be carried out only under medical supervision. During prolonged fasting or very low calorie diets the reduction of blood glucose, the preferred energy source of the brain, causes the body to deplete its glycogen stores. Once glycogen is depleted the body begins to fuel the brain using ketones, while also metabolizing body protein (including but not limited to skeletal muscle) to be used to synthesize sugars for use as energy by the rest of the body. Most experts believe that a prolonged fast can lead to muscle wasting, although some dispute this. The use of short-term fasting, or various forms of intermittent fasting have been used as a form of dieting to circumvent this issue.

While there are studies that show the health and medical benefits of weight loss, a study in 2005 of around 3000 Finns over an 18-year period showed that weight loss from dieting can result in increased mortality, while those who maintained their weight fared the best.[6][8][28] Similar conclusion is drawn by other studies,[6][29] and although other studies suggest that intentional weight loss has a small benefit for individuals classified as unhealthy, it is associated with slightly increased mortality for healthy individuals and the slightly overweight but not obese.[7] This may reflect the loss of subcutaneous fat and beneficial mass from organs and muscle in addition to visceral fat when there is a sudden and dramatic weight loss.[8]

Many studies have focused on diets that reduce calories via a low-carbohydrate (Atkins diet, Scarsdale diet, Zone diet) diet versus a low-fat diet (LEARN diet, Ornish diet). The Nurses' Health Study, an observational cohort study, found that low carbohydrate diets based on vegetable sources of fat and protein are associated with less coronary heart disease.[30] The same study also found no correlation (with multivariate adjustment) between animal fat intake and coronary heart disease (table 4). A long term study that monitored 43,396 Swedish women however suggests that a low carbohydrate-high protein diet, used on a regular basis and without consideration of the nature of carbohydrates or the source of proteins, is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease.[31]

A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials by the international Cochrane Collaboration in 2002 concluded[32] that fat-restricted diets are no better than calorie-restricted diets in achieving long term weight loss in overweight or obese people. A more recent meta-analysis that included randomized controlled trials published after the Cochrane review[33][34][35] found that low-carbohydrate, non-energy-restricted diets appear to be at least as effective as low-fat, energy-restricted diets in inducing weight loss for up to 1 year. These results can be understood because weight loss is mainly governed by daily caloric deficit and not by the particular foods eaten.[36] However, when low-carbohydrate diets to induce weight loss are considered, potential favorable changes in triglyceride and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol values should be weighed against potential unfavorable changes in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol values."[37]

The Women's Health Initiative Randomized Controlled Dietary Modification Trial[38] found that a diet of total fat to 20% of energy and increasing consumption of vegetables and fruit to at least 5 servings daily and grains to at least 6 servings daily resulted in:

Additional randomized controlled trials found that:

The American Diabetes Association recommended a low carbohydrate diet to reduce weight for those with or at risk of Type 2 diabetes in its January 2008 Clinical Practice Recommendations.[46]

"The glycemic index (GI) factor is a ranking of foods based on their overall effect on blood sugar levels. The diet based around this research is called the Low GI diet. Low glycemic index foods, such as lentils, provide a slower, more consistent source of glucose to the bloodstream, thereby stimulating less insulin release than high glycemic index foods, such as white bread."[47][48]

The glycemic load is "the mathematical product of the glycemic index and the carbohydrate amount".[49]

In a randomized controlled trial that compared four diets that varied in carbohydrate amount and glycemic index found complicated results:[50]

Diets 2 and 3 lost the most weight and fat mass; however, low density lipoprotein fell in Diet 2 and rose in Diet 3. Thus the authors concluded that the high-carbohydrate, low-glycemic index diet was the most favorable.

A meta-analysis by the Cochrane Collaboration concluded that low glycemic index or low glycemic load diets led to more weight loss and better lipid profiles. However, the Cochrane Collaboration grouped low glycemic index and low glycemic load diets together and did not try to separate the effects of the load versus the index.[51]

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New York couple who lost nearly 600 pounds together set to wed New York Daily News Frustrated with his ever-growing weight that peaked at 675 pounds, Ronnie Brower began dieting and working out on his way to losing an astounding 458 pounds. His four-year fitness journey, chronicled on Facebook, earned him the admiration of a woman ... Couple to tie the knot after losing nearly 600 pounds togethermyfox8.com Engaged couple loses nearly 600 pounds togetherFOX 11 Los Angeles NY couple loses nearly 600lbs ahead of their weddingNEWS10 ABC Cosmopolitan.com -Deseret News -Minneapolis Star Tribune all 26 news articles »

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