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Freezing temps are no excuse to give up on fitness. As it turns out, you might stand a better chance of losing weight when its cold.

A new study published in the journal Scientific Reports found that people actively trying to shed pounds had the best results when the temperature dropped. The more inhospitable the weather, the more conscientious people became about keeping track of their meals and calories.

Climate-related factors can directly change a persons behavior, and these factors can have a certain impact on intentional efforts to lose weight, said Sang Youl Rhee, who led the research team at Kyung Hee University Medical Center in Seoul. In addition, various climatic factors can lead to a significant change in the level of energy expenditure in the body.

Researchers tracked the weight loss of 3,274 people under 42 throughout Europe, the Americas and Asia with Noom Coach, a fitness app that can pinpoint the location of users. They then used a meteorology service, called Weather Underground API, to monitor conditions, and discovered that colder temperatures and lower dew points as well as higher wind speed and precipitation were all linked to the app users weight loss.

On average, people logged into Noom 110 days during the year-long study, or roughly every three days. Men tended to use the app more frequently than women and were more likely to lose weight. People who logged their meals regularly, especially dinner, lost the most weight.

During the weight-loss journey, its important to focus on changing the underlying behaviors that lead to obesity, said Rhee, an endocrinologist. Those who continue logging food and have an awareness around what they are eating will be most successful in losing weight.

[A weight-loss expert changes his tune: Focus on enjoyment, not perfection]

Other studies have explored the relationship between cooler temperatures and burning fat, including one in the journal of Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism that said spending time in the cold can boost calorie burn by up to 30 percent. Yet those studies primarily examined the molecular breakdown of fat, not the behavioral connection between temperature and weight loss.

Chronicling meals, physical activity and weight have been proven in previous studies to be effective ways to lose weight. A Kaiser Permanente study of 1,700 people found that those who kept a daily account of what they ate lost twice as much weight as those who kept no record.

Noom, which launched in 2012, lets users choose from a variety of courses, ranging from 16 to 22 weeks, designed to prevent or manage chronic diseases such as hypertension and diabetes. Courses are created by physicians and come with a coach to guide users through the process. One week might be dedicated to understanding triggers to unhealthy foods youre eating while another focuses on getting you to try a variety of veggies.

Its a cognitive behavior-based program, meaning youre trying to understand what makes you have certain habits and behaviors and change your thinking around those behaviors and habits, said Artem Petakov, president and co-founder of Noom. There are different exercises to make you more mindful and more likely to problem-solve around those areas.

Petakov said Noom has worked with other researchers, including a team at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai Hospital in New York, on wellness studies. In this case, the team at Kyung Hee approached the company, which has 45 million users worldwide, to get a diverse collection of anonymous data.

The study did not take exercise into account, but Petakov said thats not necessarily a shortcoming.

The popular notion is that physical activity is the key to achieving weight loss, but the truth is its more about nutrition, Petakov said. When its colder, you have more time to focus on the nutrition aspects, cooking more for example, and just have more time to dedicate to it without as many distractions as far as going outside.

@DaniDougPost on Twitter

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Trying to lose weight? The colder months might be the perfect time. - Washington Post

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After years of struggling with diets and depression, This Is Us star Chrissy Metz looks back on her journey to self-acceptance, fame, and becoming a role model for body positivity. Subscribe now for the inside story only in PEOPLE!

Its only natural thatChrissy Metzs bodyis a topic of conversation.

The star ofThis Is Ushas become a beacon of self-acceptancesince breaking outon the shows premiere last September, and Metz is the first to acknowledge how herown journey with weight and weight loss relates to her character Kate Pearsons.

You have to use what you have, she tells PEOPLE exclusively in this weeks issueof her fan-favoriterole on the the NBC smash hit, and I wouldnt have this role if I had already lost weight. Now its about telling a story of a woman struggling with her weight, just as I have and still am.

And while viewers have been curious about, not to mention fairly resistant to, Metzs previous statements the part of taking the role meantlosing weight in step with Kate onThis Is Us, the actressnow tells PEOPLEher contract with NBCdoes not mandate a specific workout regimen, any surgery or include an explicit weight-loss target.

Still, shes facedrumors in recent months about the way shes losing weight. Though Kate has considered gastric bypasssurgeryon the show, Metzis ruling out the procedureat this time.

Therehave been so many discussions about my weight: How is shegoing to lose weight? Is she going to lose weight? When is she going to lose weight? Its kind of its funny, she says.

I do want to lose weight, she says, but addsthat her priority is onherlongevity both personally and professionally.I want to have a fit, healthy body and not have to be put in a box. I dont want to be limited by anything.

Having overcomeyears of self-doubt, depression and weight gain, Metzadmits that reclaiming her confidence is still an ongoing process,Sometimes I feel like Im two people, she says.Im proud of who I am as a person, but I do want to be at a healthy weight. Just not for anybody but myself.

This Is Us airs Tuesdays (9 p.m. ET) on NBC.

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This Is Us' Chrissy Metz Shuts Down Surgery Rumors but Does Want to Lose Weight: 'I Want to Be Healthy for Myself' - PEOPLE.com

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Lena Dunham has never been one to dole out weight-loss tips. Instead, the Girls star has been a role model for women who embrace their every curve. And if you keep up with her on social media, you know that Lena's more wont to talk politics than calorie-torching workouts.

Still, the star's new, noticeably slimmer physique hasn't escaped anyone's attention. And when she chatted with Howard Stern on his Sirius XM show on Monday, Lena opened up about the truth behind her weight loss. Nope, it wasn't a new addiction to Soul Cycle.

Donald Trump became president and I stopped being able to eat food, Lena told Howard frankly. Everyones been asking like, What have you been doing? And Im like, Try soul-crushing pain and devastation and hopelessness and you, too, will lose weight.'

The actress also posted a tongue-in-cheek (er, we think) rundown of her "Trump Diet" on Instagram. "For those begging me for answers," she wrote, next to a photo of a spiral-bound notebook that lists her intake for the day. On the menu? Baby food, veggie dogs, and plenty of nausea. Ugh.

Thankfully, Lena has her squad around her as the Girls make the publicity rounds ahead of the show's season-six premiere on Sunday. And, she's found some joy in getting dressed up for her multiple appearances.

For her whole press tour, the actress has been wearing archival creations by Todd Oldham, whom she called her "style hero" on Instagram. "He brought craft and humor to fashion, always," Lena said, adding the hashtags #fashionshouldbefun and #resistbeige. She also gave a shout-out to her stylist Christina Erlich, and noted that she'd be discussing the fashion collaboration in an upcoming Lenny Letter.

The Lookbook is Bravo's home for inspiring content and experiences that feed fashionistas with a steady diet of share-worthy styles, personalities, and industry news. Like us on Facebook to stay connected to our daily updates.

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This Is The Exact, Bleak Diet That Caused Lena Dunham To Lose Weight - Bravo (blog)

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This woman is on a mission.

In this emotional scene from tomorrow's all-new episode of Revenge Body With Khloe Kardashian, new participant Jamie Lamb meets with Khloe Kardashian to explain her past struggles with her weight.

"I feel like I'm this beautiful person, but people don't see me for the way that I really am because of my exterior," she tells Khloe. "I've been tall since I was little, and I used to be self-conscious and felt horrible. I got teased."

"Listen, that's something that none of us could change anyway, so I think you can be tall and beautiful and still really feminine," Khloe comforts her.

E!

"But mentally, I never dealt with that," Jamie reveals. "I realized that I really have allowed the negativity of other people to change my mindset, people that I thought were really friends that just abused my kindness and just mistreated me and didn't appreciate who I was, and all I just wanted was love. I went through post-partum depression. I would eat my sorrows away late at night, just eating like crazy."

Jamie then confesses she wants to get revenge on a man she's been dating with the nickname "Shorty Doo Wop."

"His name is Kenya, and I met him a few years back," she explains. "We went on some dates and then we became, you know, cuddy buddies and stuff like that. From the beginning, I really liked him. He's really intelligent and he has this nice body, and I know it's my weight that is holding him back from really getting to know me deeper. So, once I get this thing together plakow! I just want him to be like, 'Oh, my god!'"

Hear Jamie's story in the clip above!

Watch a brand-new episode of Revenge Body With Khloe Kardashian Thursday at 9 p.m., only on E!

E! Online - Your source for entertainment news, celebrities, celeb news, and celebrity gossip. Check out the hottest fashion, photos, movies and TV shows!

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Khloe Kardashian's Revenge Body Contestant Hopes to Lose Weight to Impress Her ''Cuddy Buddy'' in This Sneak Peek - E! Online

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Men's Fitness

If you really want to lose weight, you need to stop stuffing your face Men's Fitness But whatever you shovel down your gullet (and how much of it you shovel) will impact your lifetime weight far more than going to the gym or running 5 miles. In fact, a new study suggests that over the long term, your workouts might not matter at all ...

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If you really want to lose weight, you need to stop stuffing your face - Men's Fitness

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Low-carb diets work.

That is pretty much a scientific fact at this point.

At least 23 high quality studies in humans have shown this to be true.

In many cases, a low-carb diet causes 2-3 times more weight loss as the standard low-fat diet that were still being told to follow (1, 2).

Low-carb diets also appear to have an outstanding safety profile. No serious side effects have been reported.

In fact, the studies show that these diets cause major improvements in many important risk factors (3).

Triglycerides go way down and HDL goes way up. Blood pressure and blood sugar levels also tend to decrease significantly (4, 5, 6, 7).

A high percentage of the fat lost on a low carb diet comes from the belly area and the liver. This is the dangerous visceral fat that builds up in and around the organs, driving inflammation and disease (8, 9, 10).

These diets are particularly effective for people with metabolic syndrome and/or type 2 diabetes. The evidence is overwhelming.

However, there is a lot of controversy about why these diets work.

People like to debate the mechanism, the stuff that is actually going on in our organs and cells that makes the weight go off.

Unfortunately, this is not fully known, and chances are that it is multifactorial as in, there are many different reasons why these diets are so effective (11).

In this article, I take look at some of the most convincing explanations for the effectiveness of low carb diets.

Insulin is a very important hormone in the body.

It is the main hormone that regulates blood sugar levels and energy storage.

One of the functions of insulin is to tell fat cells to produce and store fat, and to hold on to the fat that they already carry.

It also tells other cells in the body to pick up glucose (blood sugar) from the bloodstream, and burn that instead of fat.

So, insulin stimulates lipogenesis (production of fat) and inhibits lipolysis (the burning of fat).

It is actually well established that low-carb diets lead to drastic and almost immediate reductions in insulin levels (12, 13).

Here is a graph from one study on low-carb diets (14).

Photo source: Diet Doctor.

According to many experts on low-carb diets, including Gary Taubes and the late Dr. Atkins, lower insulin levels are the main reason for the effectiveness of low-carb diets.

They have claimed that, when carbs are restricted and insulin levels go down, the fat isnt locked away in the fat cells anymore and becomes accessible for the body to use as energy, leading to reduced need for eating.

However, Id like to point out that many respected obesity researchers do not believe this to be true, and do not think the carbohydrate-insulin hypothesis of obesity is supported by the evidence.

Bottom Line: Blood levels of the hormone insulin go way down when carb intake is reduced. High insulin levels contribute to fat storage, and low insulin levels facilitate fat burning.

In the first 1-2 weeks of low carb eating, people tend to lose weight very quickly.

The main reason for this is reduction in water weight.

The mechanism behind it is two-fold:

This does not happen to nearly the same extent on a higher carb diet, even if calories are reduced significantly.

Even though some people use this as an argument against low-carb diets, reduced water weight should be considered an advantage.

I mean, who wants to carry around excess bloat and water weight all the time?

Anyway, despite claims to the contrary, this is far from being the main weight loss advantage of low-carb diets.

The studies clearly show that low-carb diets lead to more fat being lost as well, especially the dangerous belly fat found in the abdominal cavity (8, 16).

So, part of the weight loss advantage of low-carb diets is explained by reductions in water weight, but there is still a major fat loss advantage as well.

Bottom Line: When people go low-carb, they lose significant amounts of excess water from their bodies. This explains the rapid weight loss seen in the first week or two.

In most studies where low carb and low fat diets are compared, the low carb groups end up eating much more protein.

This is because people replace many low-protein foods (grains, sugars) with higher protein foods like meat, fish and eggs.

Numerous studies show that protein can reduce appetite, boost metabolism, and help increase muscle mass, which is metabolically active and burns calories around the clock (17, 18, 19, 20).

Many nutrition experts believe that the high protein content of low-carb diets is the main reason for their effectiveness.

Bottom Line: Low carb diets tend to be much higher in protein than low fat diets. Protein can reduce appetite, boost metabolism and help people hold on to muscle mass despite restricting calories.

Although this is controversial, many experts do believe that low carb diets have a metabolic advantage.

In other words, that low carb diets increase your energy expenditure, and that people lose more weight than can be explained by reduced calorie intake alone.

There are actually some studies to support this.

A study conducted in 2012 found that a very low carb diet increased energy expenditure compared to a low fat diet, during a period of weight maintenance (21).

The increase was around 250 calories, which is equivalent to an hour of moderate-intensity exercise per day!

However, another study has suggested that it may be the high protein (but not low carb) part of the diet that causes the increase in calories burned (22).

That being said, there are other mechanisms that may cause an additional metabolic advantage.

On a very low carb, ketogenic diet, when carb intake is kept extremely low, a lot of protein is being transformed into glucose in the beginning, a process called gluconeogenesis (23).

This is an inefficient process, and can lead to hundreds of calories being wasted. However, this is mostly temporary as ketones should start replacing some of that glucose as brain fuel within a few days (24).

Bottom Line: Low-carb diets appear to have a metabolic advantage, but most of it is caused by the increased protein intake. In the beginning of a very low carb, ketogenic diet, some calories are wasted when glucose is produced.

Low carb diets automatically exclude some of the worlds most fattening junk foods.

This includes sugar, sugary drinks, fruit juices, pizzas, white bread, french fries, pastries and most unhealthy snacks.

There is also an obvious reduction in variety when you eliminate most high-carb foods, especially given that wheat, corn and sugar are in almost all processed foods.

It is well known that increased food variety can drive increased calorie intake (25).

Many of these foods are also highly rewarding, and the reward value of foods can impact how many calories we end up eating (26).

So, reduced food variety and reduced intake of highly rewarding junk foods should both contribute to a reduced calorie intake.

Bottom Line: Low carb diets exclude many foods that are highly rewarding and extremely fattening. These diets also have less food variety, which may lead to reduced calorie intake.

Probably the single biggest explanation for the weight loss effects of low carb diets, is their powerful effects on appetite.

It is well established that when people go low carb, their appetite goes down and they start eating fewer calories automatically (27).

In fact, studies that compare low carb and low fat diets usually restrict calories in the low-fat groups, while the low-carb groups are allowed to eat until fullness (28).

Despite that, the low carb groups still usually lose more weight.

There are many possible explanations for this appetite reducing effect, some of which we have already covered.

The increased protein intake is a major factor, but there is also evidence that ketosis can have a powerful effect (29).

Many people who go on a ketogenic diet feel that they only need to eat 1 or 2 meals per day. They simply dont get hungry more often.

There is also some evidence that low carb diets can have beneficial effects on appetite regulating hormones like leptin and ghrelin (30).

Bottom Line: Low carb diets lead to an automatic reduction in calorie intake, so that people eat fewer calories without having to think about it.

Even though low carb diets are very effective in the short-term, the long-term results are not that great.

Most studies that last for 1-2 years show that the difference between the low-carb and low-fat groups mostly disappears.

There are many possible explanations for this, but the most plausible one is that people tend to abandon the diet over time, and start gaining the weight back.

This is not specific to low carb diets, and is a well known problem in most long-term weight loss studies. Most diets are incredibly hard to stick to.

Some people refuse to accept that low carb diets can work, and that people can eat as much as they want, because that must violate the calories in, calories out model.

However, when you understand the mechanisms behind low carb diets, you can see that the CICO model is not being violated, and the laws of thermodynamics still hold.

The truth is, low carb diets work on both sides of the calorie equation.

They boost your metabolism (increasing calories out) and lower your appetite (reducing calories in), leading to automatic calorie restriction.

Calories still count, its just that low carb diets automate the process and help prevent the biggest side effect of conscious calorie restriction, which is hunger.

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Why do Low Carb Diets Work? The Mechanism Explained

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Snow leopard and Himalayan wolf diets are about one-quarter livestock Science Daily Although livestock constitutes a substantial proportion of the predator's diets, little is known about the actual predation impact on the pastoral communities. Hence, the researchers' forthcoming work focuses on estimating livestock mortality rates and ... and more »

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FARGO, ND--(Marketwired - February 08, 2017) - Using decades of research and established expertise in the weight loss industry, Diet Doc, a nationally recognized weight loss center, released a genetic testing program for obesity and weight loss inability. This genetic testing program originates from a major genetic laboratory in La Jolla, California and can be conveniently self-administered with a home-test kit. It is extremely useful in analyzing a patient's nutrition absorption ability, metabolic function, physical activity and more. It also provides insight regarding past weight loss failures or a slow weight loss process.

The data obtained from the genetic test enables a doctor to understand the patient's natural metabolic function and design a hyper-customized diet plan, including all the necessary vitamins, supplements, and exercise routines recommended to maintain optimal health and consistent weight loss. Based on past results, the genetic testing method of weight loss enables patients to lose 2.5 times more weight than with other methods.

Genetic tests are this effective because they help patients uncover problems they may have always had but been unaware of like: slow weight loss; inability to get within their normal body mass index (BMI); reliance on various weight gain related medications; and family history of, or direct experience with, conditions like type 2 diabetes, high blood pressure, or high cholesterol.

In moderate to extreme cases, a customized hCG diet plan, different from the original Simeons hCG diet, might be recommended for weight loss. The original hCG diet, also called the Simeons method, was developed in the 1950s and known to be dangerous because it was was practically a starvation diet that limited daily consumption to 500 calories. Diet Doc has discouraged the Simeons method since 2009, determining it to be too risky through in-house studies.

Since the 1950s, however, medical experts have managed to better understand hCG and the dietary conditions it necessitates to be safe and effective at the same time. Now, hCG can be applied in a safer, non-harmful setting and the Simeons method is unnecessary and unrecommended. After thorough research over the last several decades, Diet Doc has created a flexible diet program that involves consuming no less than 800 calories (and up to 1250 calories) daily without negatively affecting the rate of rapid weight loss. These high-calorie programs offering safe weight loss are advised for patients considering hCG treatment.

At Diet Doc, patients can get a thorough understanding of the weight loss needs and develop an individualized diet based on their nutritional needs or even their genetics. Genetic testing is particularly recommended as it results in effective weight loss in the long run. All Diet Doc programs, including the hCG diet for moderate to extreme cases, provide a doctor-supervised, customized diet plan.

Instead of encouraging patients to adopt harmful dietary practices with no prior medical knowledge, Diet Doc consults with patients to provide a detailed weight loss plan based on their nutritional needs and medical history. Losing weight with Diet Doc is safe, simple and affordable. Nutrition plans, exercise guidance, motivational support, and dietary supplements are all part of the package. More than 90% of Diet Doc patients lose 20 or more pounds every month.

Patients can get started immediately, with materials shipped directly to their home or office. They can also maintain weight loss in the long-term through weekly consultations, customized diet plans, motivational coaches and a powerful prescription program. With Diet Doc, the doctor is only a short phone call away and a fully dedicated team of qualified professionals is available 6 days per week to answer questions, address concerns and support patients.

Getting started with Diet Doc is very simple and affordable. New patients can easily visit https://www.dietdoc.com to quickly complete a health questionnaire and schedule an immediate, free online consultation.

About the Company:

Diet Doc Weight Loss is the nation's leader in medical, weight loss offering a full line of prescription medication, doctor, nurse and nutritional coaching support. For over a decade, Diet Doc has produced a sophisticated, doctor designed weight loss program that addresses each individual specific health need to promote fast, safe and long term weight loss.

Twitter: https://twitter.com/DietDocMedical

Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/DietDocMedicalWeightLoss/

LinkedIn: https://www.LinkedIn.com/company/diet-doc-weight-loss?trk=biz-brand-tree-co-logo

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Q I am 17 and I have been on a ketogenic (low carb-high fat) diet for a week. The results have been great so far. I've been losing weight steadily and this has been very encouraging.

However, I've heard that people gained 10kg more than their starting weight when they quit the diet. And even though they did not overeat, they were unable to shed the extra kilograms.

Do you think it is possible to stay on the keto diet and still eat carbs, though not as much as before, without gaining weight?

A Regaining weight is a common problem.

The human body regulates many parameters, for example, blood sugar levels and internal body temperature, as well as the level of fat stores.

Hence, when we try to lose weight (fat stores), the body will respond through various mechanisms to take us back to our original weight, which it recognises as the "normal" weight.

These mechanisms can include hunger, cravings for energy-dense foods and lowering the basal metabolic rate, which is the amount of energy our body needs to function when at rest.

Therefore, the tendency to regain weight is actually a normal response. This is why maintaining weight loss is a challenge for most people.

Knowing that regaining weight is natural, the question is, how do we sustain weight loss?

Studies have shown that physical activity is very important and the person who engages in physical activities will have a high chance of maintaining weight loss.

The other important point that I stress to patients is the sustaina- bility of any weight-loss efforts.

Any diet that reduces one's overall energy intake can result in weight loss.

It is not surprising that the ketogenic diet, with its emphasis on extreme low-carb intake, can be effective in helping a person to lose weight. However, this diet can be difficult to keep up and, hence, sustainability beyond the short term is an issue.

I suggest you find a sustainable approach to weight management.

To do this, you should first get a comprehensive assessment done by healthcare professionals. This is especially important if your weight problem is severe, as there could be medical conditions or other factors that predispose you to weight gain.

Dr Benjamin Lam

Consultant weight management physician, Health For Life Centre, Khoo Teck Puat Hospital

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Low carb-high fat diet difficult to sustain in the long term - The Straits Times

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By Kathleen Doheny

HealthDay Reporter

WEDNESDAY, Feb. 8, 2017 (HealthDay News) -- Switching to whole-grain foods might help keep your weight in check as much as a brisk 30-minute daily walk would, a new study suggests.

Whole grains seem to both lower the number of calories your body absorbs during digestion and speed metabolism, explained study author J. Philip Karl. He's a nutrition scientist who did the research while a Ph.D. student in nutrition at Tufts University in Boston.

While other studies have found that people who eat whole grains are slimmer and have lower body fat than those who do not, Karl said it has been hard to separate the effects of whole grains from regular exercise and a healthier diet overall.

So, for the new study, "we strictly controlled diet. We didn't let them lose weight," he said.

The researchers did that by pinpointing the specific caloric needs of each of the 81 men and women, aged 40 to 65, in the study.

For the first two weeks of the study, everyone ate the same types of food and the researchers computed their individual calorie needs to maintain their weights. After that, the researchers randomly assigned people to eat either a whole-grain or refined-grain diet.

The men and women were told to eat only the food provided and to continue their usual physical activity.

Those on the whole-grain diet absorbed fewer calories and had greater fecal output. Their resting metabolic rate (calories burned at rest) was also higher. The fiber content of whole-grain foods, about twice that of refined-grain foods, is believed to play a major role in those results, Karl said.

"The energy deficit in those eating whole grains compared to refined grains would be equivalent to the calories you would burn if you were to walk about a mile [in] about 20 or 30 minutes," he said. But the study did not prove that whole grains cause weight loss.

''We don't know over the long term if it would translate to weight loss," Karl said, but his team suspects it would. "This would translate to about 5 pounds in a year," Karl estimated.

The study is solid, said Connie Diekman, director of university nutrition at Washington University in St. Louis.

"It provides good evidence that consumption of whole grains is an important part of a healthful eating plan," Diekman said. The study documents how whole grains contribute to feelings of fullness and appear to increase metabolism, she added.

"The study was short in duration and somewhat limited in population diversity, but the outcome is a positive nutrition recommendation that anyone could benefit from," she said.

The study was published online Feb. 8 in the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition.

In a related study in the same issue of the journal, the same group of researchers found that people who ate whole grains had modest improvements in healthy gut environment and certain immune responses. Whole-grain intake has also been linked with a reduced risk of heart disease, type 2 diabetes and some cancers, the researchers noted.

When shopping, how do you find whole-grain products?

Look on the label for ''100 percent whole grains," Karl said. "Just because something is made with whole grains doesn't mean there has to be much in there," he explained. "Look to see if the first ingredient is whole grain, and 100 percent."

There may also be a label, issued by the Whole Grains Council, that indicates what percent of whole grain a food contains, he added.

Karl is now a nutrition scientist with the U.S. Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine.

The current Dietary Guidelines for Americans recommend eating six servings of grains daily, with at least half of those servings being whole grains.

WebMD News from HealthDay

SOURCES: J. Philip Karl, Ph.D., nutrition scientist, U.S. Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, Mass.; Connie Diekman, R.D., M.Ed., director, university nutrition, Washington University, St. Louis, and former president, Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics; Feb. 8, 2017, American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, online

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