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Q&A: Why is resistance training important for long-term …
Long Term Weight Loss 
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I was recently asked:
Why is resistance training important for long-term weight loss?
In this article, I unravel the answer to this very common fitness question.
Hamster wheel fitness is not the ideal path to weight loss
Many peoplethink more is better when it comes to losing weight. I see it all of the time cardio-hungry men and women who, inrobotic-drone fashion, bypass the weight room to jump ontreadmills and ellipticalsand they do this every day. Their goal? Cramas many long and uncomfortable cardio sessions into theweek as possible.
Often, these people skip weights and focus on the cardio because they think it is the cardio thatwill produce a greater sweat and burn more calories in the least amount of time. They may think,
Do these questions sound familiar to you?
Cardio addicts think this is the answer to losing weight. Sadly, this is not an efficient method to losing nagging muffin tops.
Its not about more. Its about efficiency.
In fact, this pattern can lead to over-training, muscle and joint dysfunction, injury, and fatigue, all of which ork against losing pounds and inches.To have lasting results with weight loss, it is important to make your workouts smart, varied and practicaland resistance training needs to be a part of your fitness program.
Efficient strength training sessions that focus on building muscle mass will aid in producing long-term weight loss success.
So back to the question,
Why is resistance training important for long-term weight loss?
Resistance training is crucial for long-term weight loss and here are some reasons why.
Maintains metabolism
Resistance training is very beneficial when it comes to burning fat. Your muscle tissue is very metabolically active (it is one of the biggest contributors to metabolic rate) and when you lift weights, your body is forced tomaintain its muscle tissue. Thishelps to maintain your metabolism, even if your calorie intake is reduced.
When yousustain, or even slightly increase your metabolism with resistance training, take in less calories, and keep your hormones in check, thebody has to rely on stored body fat as fuel. Over time, this should make you leaner and moretoned.
but if you lose muscle mass (especially by overtraining with cardio and avoiding weights) you will slow your metabolism and impede weight-loss.
Burn calories long after your training session
Some studies have proventhata strength training workout can burn calories for up to 12-48 hours AFTERyour training session!
Starvation leads to sabotage
A lot of people try to starve themselves into weight lossbecause they feel that if theycontrol calories and do cardiovascular exercise as much as possible, the weight will shed. Even some health professionals promote dieting with calorie restriction.Unfortunately, there aredieticians and nutritionists who do not fully understand how strength training works, think that weight loss (or gain) is dictatedby calorie-control, and push this thought onto others.
Sadly, thistheory has become so mainstream. Calories in, calories out. If you have a calorie deficit, youre going to lose weight, if you consume extra calories, you will gain body fat.
While this is true, it is only part of the picture.
Remember, if you perform too much cardio,avoid strength training and restrict calories, you will break down your muscle tissue. Lessmuscle mass leads to a reduction in your overall metabolic rate and this will make sustaining weight-loss very difficult.
Muscles burn calories
Sure, you need a calorie deficit to lose weight, but how does your body actually use calories? It is your lean body mass, that muscle mass underneath your body fat, that burns calories 24/7, allowing you to actually eat more nutrient-dense calories without gaining significant weight.
Mike Adams from http://www.naturalnews.com does a great job explaining this further:
Lets say you happen to be quite obese and you have a high percentage of body fat. Underneath that body fat you actually have a very strong skeleton and strong muscles. Your body has built up those muscles in order to carry all of that extra body fat when you move your body. Just the very act of standing up, walking across a parking lot, going up a flight of stairs or lifting your arms requires more effort when youre overweight, especially if youre obese. So the heavier you are, the stronger your muscles have to be just to allow you to do basic, everyday things.
Now this can actually work to your advantage if you manage to keep all of that muscle mass and bone density in place while you are losing body fat, then you can maintain the high metabolism thats associated with that lean body mass even while you are dropping body fat. But if you starve yourself, youre going to LOSE all the MUSCLE resources you already have. Its a mistake a lot of people make. They try to lose body fat by starving themselves, and as the body fat vanishes from their body, their muscle mass also disappears. Why would the body get rid of muscle mass? Because, frankly, it doesnt need it.
Your body adapts to the need.
les to lift your body. Its almost like doing a leg press every time you get up out of the chair. If you weigh 300 lbs youre doing a 300 lb leg press, you see? Now if you were to drop 150 lbs of body fat and end up at 150 lbs, your body wouldnt need the same amount of leg muscle to lift you. It would eliminate those leg muscles through catabolic action. You see, the body is an adaptive system. It will adapt to whatever loads you place on it. So if you are a heavier person and youre carrying around body fat, then your body will adapt by creating stronger musc
While it eliminates this muscle mass, your metabolism begins to slow. Remember, its the lean body mass thats burning calories day in and day out, even when youre doing nothing. If you reduce that muscle mass by allowing it to go away (by not challenging your muscles), then your metabolism is going to slow. A lot of people end up at a place where theyve lost the body fat and theyre lighter, but its suddenly so much easier to put on body fat. They dont have the muscle mass they once did, theyre not automatically burning calories, and if they overeat just a little bit, theyll start packing on the body fat again. Mike Adams
Improve your lifestyle by adding resistance training to your routine
If you are not already incorporating resistance training into your workouts, start by adding it to your routines this week. Not only will it help with weight loss, but strength training will also:
Equipment is unnecessary use your environment
Using strength equipment (barbells, free-weights, kettlebells, etc.) is great, but is not always necessary. Dont have dumbbells? No problem.Use the resources around you and use your own body for body-weight exercises.
Kick off your shoes, lift a log, carry a large rock, throw a sandbag. Do not be afraid to lift something heavy once in a while. Heavy lifting aids with muscle growth.
When done properly, a resistance training workout combines cardiovascular elements with movement skills. This gives you cardiovascular benefit, helps with endurance and provides you with long-term toning and weight loss successand you dont have to spend hours in a gym completing the workout.
Incorporate natural movement skills into your routine
Work on improving your natural human movement skills. When you move naturally, you strengthen your muscles.If you train with me, you are familiar with natural movement. If you dont, here is a quick overview of some basic human movement skills. The three categories of movement skill are
For me, this type of fitness is MUCH more interesting, challenging and fun than the human hamster wheels found in gyms.
Break away fromconventional cardio and start lifting,crawling, throwing and carrying
Examples of movement skills
Includingnatural movement skills in your fitness routine isvery effective in shedding weight. I cannot even remember the last time I stepped onto a treadmill or elliptical or counted calories. For me, there is no need to do so and my body and sanity is much better without conventional forms of cardio,exercise and calorie restriction/obsession.
Get started with strength training today!
Adding muscle mass to your body is critical for long-term success with weight loss. Resistance training, in the form of bodyweight, free-weight, or natural movement training is essential for this outcome. Strengthtraining sustains and increases your metabolism, burns calories and provides your body with so many health benefits.
If you tend to skip weight training and obsess over cardio, I urgeyou to tear yourself away from your cardio addiction, add resistance training to your exercise programs, eat more cleanly and rid yourself of that muffin top for good!
If you are having trouble getting started, please contact me and I will help you create a kick-ass program! 🙂
I want to hear from you
Let me know your thoughts by commentingin the comment box. I look forward to hearing from you!
Take carenow go lift something heavy!
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Q&A: Why is resistance training important for long-term ...
The 17 Day Diet Review – Does It Work Or Is It A Scam?
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I was all set to write todays blog, until I saw a headline reviewing The 17 Day Diet. Rrrrrrt! Change of plan Once again, leading doctors and nutritionists have spoken: successful weight loss should be based on eating healthy foods in reasonable portions; limiting sugars, alcohol, and refined starches; and getting plenty of exercise. In their expert eyes, The 17 Day Diet falls short in its beginning by requiring limits and restrictions on certain fruits and vegetables.
Thank you experts! Randy and I, both, tried The 17 Day Diet and couldnt agree more. Truly, the above medical advice is the base line we follow for our good health. Oh, we have tried a few diet trends. But in the end we always agree, Lets just stick to eating healthy and exercising.
Randy and I may agree with the experts, but thats not to say that The 17 Day Diet is a flop. We did learn some new and valuable information weve added to our eating habits (probiotic yogurt is awesome for you, but thats another blog). Let me tell you a little about this diet and our experience on it
The 17 Day Diet is Doctor Michael Morenos strategy for rapid weight loss. Its based on 3 cycles, each lasting 17 days, plus a 4th long-term maintenance cycle. Moreno claims whether its 10 pounds or 100 pounds, this plan can help you lose weight quickly, avoid the dreaded plateaus, and revamp your metabolism.
Cycle 1 is what Dr. Moreno calls the accelerate cycle: includes eating lots of lean protein, cleansing vegetables such as broccoli and cabbage, and low-sugar fruits such as berries and apples (no fruit after 2pm), healthy fats (olive oil, flaxseed oil), low-fat yogurt, water and green tea.
It prohibits many foods including most fast foods, fried foods, processed foods, starchy carbohydrates such as bagels, pasta, crackers and white bread, and fruits such as pineapple and bananas.
Moreno writes, Most people can expect to lose 10 to 15 pounds during the first 17 days. And I do think this is true for the most part, if those people have the will power to follow cycle 1 to the tee.
Randy and I started out on cycle 1 ok, but truthfully, we gave up after day 4. The menu was too restrictive. Both of us were physically tired and drained of energy. This was terrible, considering we have 2 little kids and a baby to keep up with. We were moody, even a little shaky sometimes (I think from low blood sugar). This had to be the result of lacking in calories and cutting too many healthy varieties of foods. It was obvious that this cycle wasnt balanced nutritionally for us, and as a result, we caved.
Those 4 days were not without some success though. We did lose weight. I lost 4 pounds and Randy lost 2 1/2. But, 4 pounds in 4 days? Thats a pound a day and to what expense!?!
Needless to say, Randy and I did not move onto to experience the next 3 cycles. Kathleen M Zelman, MPH, RD, LD, an expert at WebMD, offers a detailed explanation of these cycles, how they work, and how to eat while following them, please see WebMD. I found her review to be very informative and on spot when describing the book.
Please check out the link provide above, read more information about the book, and decide for yourself if this diet is right for you. With some preparation and serious dedication, it really could help you lose weight quickly. I will give Dr. Moreno credit for addressing such willpower and other issues like emotional eating, portion control, and identifying food triggers.
All in all, Randy and I do think if you are determined to lose weight fast and are mentally prepared for the rules of The 17 Day Diet accompanied with lots of support, you can lose weight and fast! For some of you, Dr. Morenos plan may fit. I cannot say we didnt lose weight, and in all fairness, Randy and I did not see it through to the last cycle. Considering our 4 day experience, though, even with the success of losing weight, we still agree, Lets just stick to eating healthy and exercising.
Amy
P.S. If you want to check out The 17 Day Diet for yourself Amazon has it for half the price of the official website
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The 17 Day Diet Review - Does It Work Or Is It A Scam?
How to Lose 10 Pounds Safely in One Week | eHow
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Maybe you have been procrastinating with your New Year's resolution, or perhaps you were a bit put off when you stepped on the scale and realized how much weight you gained, but either way you've decided to lose 10 pounds in one week. It is a tall order, but it can be done if you focus, stay the course, and follow a very strict regimen. It might not be fun, but you can succeed.
Weigh yourself in the morning. Although stepping on the scale might not be fun, it will be once you reach your goal. Step on the scale and note your weight. You will weigh yourself each morning to determine your progress. You are generally lightest in the morning because you have not eaten for hours and your body has been burning calories when you sleep.
Perform an intense cardiovascular workout before you eat. This will get your body in a fat-burning mode. Because there is no food in your stomach, you will be burning fat straightaway. To lose so much weight in one week, it is imperative to do exercise that gets you to sweat. This is because water weight will most likely be a lot of the weight you lose on this crash course. Running on a treadmill, using an elliptical trainer, swimming and biking intensely are great ideas for the workout. Perform this cardio routine for 45 to 60 minutes.
Eat a low-calorie breakfast. Remove all pasta, rice, bread, potatoes, crackers and any other processed carbohydrates from your diet. Limit your fat intake by removing high-fat meats such as hamburger, bacon or dark meat chicken, and replace them with lean proteins such as fish fillets, chicken breast, ultra-lean beef and eggs white. All juice, non-diet soda and alcohol must be removed as well.
An ideal breakfast for this week is six egg whites with a side of tomatoes. Breakfast should be in the range of 300 calories.
Eat a snack halfway through the morning. This should be about 150 calories. Ideas include a small handful of nuts, a piece of fruit, or steamed vegetables.
Perform a light weight-lifting routine. To burn enough calories to lose 10 pounds in one week, you need to do a lot of cardiovascular exercise. Balance the cardio with a little weight training, which will exercise your muscles. This will stop your body from trying to burn the muscle during your cardio routine. The routine should encompass the upper body and include pushups or bench presses, pull-ups or lat pull-downs, several hundred sit-ups, dumbbell curls and triceps extensions.
Eat lunch. The same types of foods described for breakfast should be eaten at lunch. Take in a small amount of lean protein and as many vegetables as you want, as long as they are raw. You can use mustard or balsamic vinegar as dipping sauce.
Eat another snack in midafternoon. You want to keep your metabolism going by feeding your body constantly. Even though the amount of food is small, your body will never feel like it is starving because it is always being fed. Strive to eat five to six meals throughout the day for a total of 1,500 calories.
Eat a low-calorie dinner early in the evening. Your meals should be finished by 7 p.m. at the latest. If you need to eat something sweet, reach for low-calorie fruit-flavored gelatin desserts or fruit-flavored ices, which have few calories.
Perform a second cardiovascular exercise session of 45 minutes to one hour. Between eating five to six times a day and working out three times a day, your body will turn into a calorie-crunching machine. Again, this cardio should make you sweat. Choosing a different type of cardio will help you stay motivated.
Go to the sauna or steam room. You can lose four or five pounds by doing cardio and then hitting the steam room. Stay in the steam room for no more than 20 minutes. This will help expel toxins from your body.
Drink at least 12 eight-ounce glasses of water throughout the day. You want to keep your body well hydrated so that it continues to release water rather than holding onto it.
Follow this process for seven days until you have lost 10 pounds.
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How to Lose 10 Pounds Safely in One Week | eHow
Beach Fitness Health, Nutrition, Fitness, Diet, Strength …
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August 12, 2015 Mike Leave a Comment
Are you looking to get stronger and more defined abs? Do you want to lose belly fat without doing extremely long cardio sessions or thousands of crunches? Doing daily tabata workouts is themost efficient way to get the abs you want in the least amount of time. You will be [Read more...]
Tabata, Workouts
February 28, 2012 Mike Leave a Comment
Hello Everyone! Thanks to all our visitors for using our free tabata workout timer! We would like to say sorry for not posting any workouts or blog posts on the beach-fitness.com blog for a really, really long time! We want to start sharing our workouts and training methods [Read more...]
Tabata, Video, Workouts
February 24, 2012 Mike Leave a Comment
What is a tabata workout? A tabata workout is an interval repetition workout based upon 20 seconds of work followed by 10 seconds of rest repeated for eight rounds. The 1996 journal article authored by Dr. Tabata, proved that high intensity workouts increase anaerobic and aerobic [Read more...]
Tabata, Workouts
February 7, 2012 admin Leave a Comment
Understand what your body is made of and you will surely understand how to eat healthy. It was this rather simple idea that has continually propelled me along my nutrition path. Yes, I deviate; yes, I see the impending food-lapses that lie like land mines along the tracks ahead [Read more...]
Diet, Fitness, Health, Nutrition, Uncategorized, Weight Loss apples, body composition, cheetos, chemistry, eat, food
October 14, 2011 Mike Leave a Comment
Quick workout of the day! This is a cool crossfit style workout that really gets your heart pumping andblasts your arms. 100 total pull ups is much harder than I thought and by the final round I was really struggling to do normal pull ups, there is no shame in doing jumping [Read more...]
Workouts
September 11, 2011 Mike Leave a Comment
Tonight I made a stir fry type dinner with a few of my favorite foods: Grass fed steak, organic red beets, bell peppers, onions, garlic, and some herbs. I haven't really ever thought to post about the dinners that I make, but this one was just so good that I felt I must [Read more...]
Diet, Health, Nutrition
October 15, 2010 wilbus Leave a Comment
Chefs big and small, I tend to use things that work and work hard. One thing I hate is light-weight or plastic kitchen tools. With that sentiment I was both pleased and annoyed to read a report that the Environmental Protection Agency recently released on Perfluorooctanoic [Read more...]
Diet, Health, Nutrition, Uncategorized
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Beach Fitness Health, Nutrition, Fitness, Diet, Strength ...
Fitness Exercises | Stretching, Resitance, Free Weights, Body …
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There are various Physical Fitness Exercises that you can choose from. You can try Resistance Training to help create a lean and toned body, Aerobic Exercises to elevate your heart rate over a sustainable period of time, and Stretching to extend your limbs and muscles to their full extent. This section provides you every thing you need to know about the different Fitness Exercises. Learn about them here thoroughly, including body weight exercises.
It's important to maintain good flexibility on your neck and muscles since these are where most people accumulate tension. This section contains instructions on how to stretch your neck and shoulder muscles properly to avoid accumulation of tension.
The chest, like the neck, is also a common area for tension build-up. Instructions on how to do the Basic Chest and Arm Stretches that can help prevent muscle tension in the chest and upper back can be found in this section.
The back takes in tension more than any other part of the body. It is necessary to stretch the back properly after exercise. This section contains instructions on how to do the basic back stretches. Read here for more information.
Another part of your body that you need to stretch is your legs. Instructions on how to do the basic leg stretches which target the major leg muscles like the hip flexor (often the most neglected leg muscle) can be found in this section.
This section will provide you with the suggested sequential stretches to have a good and relaxing stretch. When your body becomes accustomed to a particular stretch, you can increase the duration time of each exercise to lengthen a particular stretch.
You can do this Free Weights curl while sitting on a bench or using a barbell. For beginners, light dumbbells are the free weights exercises for you. Each variation you perform strengthens the biceps and the muscles of the forearm in a slightly different way.
You can do this Free Weights Exercise with one weight in each hand or with a heavier weight held in both hands. Your free hand may be used to steady the arm being exercised. This will provide for a stricter movement. Read here for more information.
This Free Weights Exercise strengthens your shoulders. Whether you prefer working with free weights, fitness weights on gym machines or just with your own body weight, the important thing to do is to start realistically and keep at it - at all cost.
This Free Weights Exercise strengthens the shoulders, especially the deltoids. This type of Free Weights exercise is single joint. Lateral Raise strengthens the muscles on your shoulders, especially the deltoids. It can be performed while standing or sitting.
You can also do this Free Weights Exercise with a barbell. This is called a "chest press" when you do it lying on your back instead of on a bench. A bench press gives you a greater range of motion than a chest press. This Free Weight Exercise strengthens the shoulders, triceps, and pectorals.
This Free Weights Exercise strengthens the chest. Although you also can do this exercise lying on a mat or on the floor, you won't get as much range of motion when you're lying on a bench. Include this exercise into your fitness routine.
The Walking Lunge is a variation of the Lunge. This exercise enables you to strengthen your muscles more - your hamstrings, gluteals, and quadriceps.
The Squats come in many variations. One of them is the Dumbbell Squat. This exercise obviously makes use of dumbbells as you do the Squat. Learn how this exercise is done in this section.
Building a wide back is every bodybuilder's dream. This is often termed as one of the most difficult areas to train by bodybuilders due to non-visibility. In this section, learn different exercises which target your upper back.
There are four rotator cuff muscles that need to be considered to help strengthen and stabilize the rotator cuff at the shoulder. Find out which exercises can help strengthen your shoulder muscles.
Although there are many abdominal exercises, crunches really work if you want to firm and tone your abdominal muscles. One of the most effective is the "basic crunch". You need to keep the movement slow and to focus on good technique for the crunches to be effective.
This variation of abdominal crunch targets the lower part of the abdominal section and puts less strain on the neck area. Learn how to do the Reverse Curl in this section.
The Full Crunch is the most advanced abdominal exercise. It works the entire stomach area by combining the basic crunch and the reverse curl. Learn how to do the Full Crunch in this section.
The Lunge can give you wonderfully toned inner thighs and buttocks. When you perform lunges, keep your back straight, your torso upright, and your abdominals tight. Dont lean forward and let your knee pass forward your big toe in the middle position.
This type of resistance exercise works your upper body. For women, using push-up grips will be easier on your wrists. The push-up is possibly the most classic of all strength-training exercises. This is an important exercise that you can incorporate in your fitness routine.
The Rear Leg Lifts concentrate on your hamstrings and gluteals. This Resistance Exercise makes use of your own body weight to create resistance. If you do this properly and regularly, you will eventually be able to perform advanced versions of it.
This Resistance Exercise concentrates work on your thighs and buttocks. Squats also work your lower leg muscles, abdominals and lower back since they are used for balance. This fitness exercise is also a tried-and-true lower-body exercise for anyone without knee problems.
This type of Resistance Exercise makes use of your own body instead of iron to create resistance. Fitness Exercises that involve lifting your own body weight help improve your posture and strengthen and protect your skeletal system.
The Low Bridge with Leg Raise is an exercise that targets the hamstrings and the abdominal muscles. It makes use of your own body weight to create resistance. Learn how to do this exercise with the help of our animation and easy-to-follow steps.
The Fitness Ball Hamstring Curl is a leg exercise that targets the hamstrings, as well as the glutes and core. The use of a Fitness Ball or Stability Ball will aid in improving stability, strength, and balance.
Learn how to progress in your core strength - from beginner to advanced movements - by doing different exercises on the stability ball.
A Core Exercise Ball Workout is great not only for strengthening the core of the body, but also in improving your balance and posture for sports and day to day activities.
This oblique exercise sequence based on Pilates mat work can really trim your waistline. Check out the great exercises in this section and get started today.
Learn the different Physical Fitness Exercises thoroughly, and you will know what kind of Fitness Exercise best suits you. All Physical Exercises provide benefits to your health and well-being. You just have to pick an exercise or training that suits your lifestyle and needs.
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Fitness Exercises | Stretching, Resitance, Free Weights, Body ...
Fitness in Spanish | English to Spanish Translation
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1 (suitability) (gen, for post) aptitud (f); capacidad (f);for para
she doubted his fitness to drive dudaba que se encontrase en condiciones de conducir
the tremor in his hands made her doubt his fitness to drive letters reveal little apparent anxiety about his fitness for command of the largest army in Britain's history fitness to govern is not an inherent human quality The senator says he remains unconvinced of Gates' fitness for the job senators are trying to determine his fitness for a senior government position
to be at the peak of fitness estar en condiciones ptimas; estar en plena forma
your ability to complete the course will depend on your level of fitness he has been worried about his fitness for some time you are interviewed to determine your fitness level a programme to improve your cardiovascular fitness Greater fitness helps in all kinds of stressful situations he attributes his great age to a lifetime of fitness
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Fitness in Spanish | English to Spanish Translation
How Long Will It Take to Lose the Weight?
How to lose weight safely Comments Off on How Long Will It Take to Lose the Weight?
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p*WY+I#YkD_[L2Xo[|1p&l"*4plc1:TFSND)MZ.Q^ Snq/]wmVs.X|Y]%;->K|$R+RRjm%7I U;{#UZ#uUCC T4DU }M^v ncVK6W H:mXjDF1^2TfZabVGIJ[|l?7Y/o[V~{?;(SH/VV@(%&$fhS;A$(jD*bD23K8/7G!QpBjQ4Pk{KiiCQSurp@lgm% CYo,YPs B ^=Z(bQU?`\]M BDL7 jeV|opy`8N'&*xJ8Qk=L"8+0Oa9`=m'@yL>s?t!(VMBJH AD#{TQ #y) O?iEi@NU#3}~*NbQo zh|L_q,[;+k{fd=j^vb*ZhmfE|i{A{?;I{- kJ XMg20@W~%|a-P^NN0[{YH3H]r(0|Nkhcb:`bpHZ'mwJ 3Ams@kh ACUE2|>SFk$[ uU_u9ypH`:^7,Z.o: $s1+3zx$t "Nk uJ 3wz5S;9 b$"2L=B 1lg(RD Aix,C.5:P"bYWpUTA]~S24dB)B`&|l>1}Gfp8v{0`4Ck=.Boii""j o^aJn*Xj"TN8 l(JJ* BrabpKAw!9oww].rw7%>pX|08f tL.>5Yv[ E VX4OTGGgc+J)DdqXPa9Ds IhX>dzNm?:Jt7/F-.s4tnOY=R.GtJ CXu. @EO `+_SXLTfCEE%9y?{?;.,0,1"F6sXV5Cg~NpeM6] VM$ }:iytf0 sw$}I?9'jW^LPGo3$C?/e!%)e$iI|b9A*9cO1e8VMxfK `Vv
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9T#/,{ c }/00#8t#A5$"M 0';:D.41 ^n_ZtH4Di^ud=V[:aoRrUU'V}{3q5HVLU/KJ]WrDH bLA_b2aWK!>j*K$!d&}GHQc,%$yrZ"|gDx^V,)Ced&0( N'^lf`YYe*zgQHEzOM |Bsxyfy+hz@OKr9G$aVSLY(5x B]kiXXC3r}r-#vV3_Y'B]5)M y'9i7jcb179VymfjcO2`-Z]aoO:A^`Ve1s$x 1=RFPG3;jRtRvza.L#`y=~9vkIR04nx=wp}DYf4g-#iT9QFCCt&y` ep$D"HWlA1/N `5,Fkq5^ E_3Prkuf |7jjd23yjX,~%7=6 SY+-~iM&m4|g%JM**DeY5_fkD%:N)I%Y., #5"eR, > x&AnkAr(*@21!D?(l+=ohS@^7WE&6dy%nmC2kuN/#V#^Yw6m1j ~gN~=8{qW;7H%Ek!va3kj4J2kSS)|EN|XXHi$,l#9DK/'%qrGI]h GvkQ]%xg[P6,{*D$R0Vg.-P.E42xnEo9=6CL%7^o:zI^/B^o.,zvFhKhUi36M&>_6uDPt:KN`KAQ68i?Z^#)wwawn]7~wog=:] v;ee#t{5A1+|[XAus8$^.]Z>G )hLO~nDi6'opn@f.>V/Y5Q9|#e22$}(3%&gJCdwC7bwf&._Msvu4.W/b2gux|3d^X$-RqrQC3`iN-'['"RYri\kAW:O~-ut'1}p TeuIb{(q5m Dzxs~diXR>8Y#!W:1 B~q$p7HC_Pmt?aNrs2`3gym(WzN t3h{US%ffnUG9TCxt-v{Vk PN.iu|/$3L'7'^:v~$4Sni-R`1Am2_M@y7 pt~j>?hLzvg4=3=X.o9[o_[lu6R W qVkCtglgk;wn"k|pk"6^nH|EwYd$D+^!Yp-$Na vsLU!M0kt@ER 0b#P/Yr(Ss0J=0hO S'#%p&l2 4U, O[&;".*Ol}UhKJT-ZSE)u nhWZJ`hi_q^#%~G|UfV;' '656'1 D~kAd`SYaeC)7zRr?^{F)9eAzt[R#>0&Jpo d$p5~y2=Bwo)-(W]n&~$? aySCVOw%;`6iv $R9q%I )S%r5a2h!49GkX2IzvZ~=lR !^|ezy]mHV*4@NgRB*>'-oG)g#H JawOyT!m$,A%m"!':Q3w;ff>$)%4j@H+#z# :RUyyb$btu_-v$R4tDuJ1ilVHn:L~ATP0Q&P! ]?1ozM00,[6aDkVv{7`kN>gw2s= yn!&CnCoeR|6v?GBTK$:#+rNok-)#bk<`+Fp"'XAP5&>K/Xz7Z^R$:8~p9on'=Ksvl2F{Dhc!|"aggu:Xl':3]2WcY"vkhEC?~^qx' >n $];]z ?-+`rI.PNHaEh~ L%p9SL[kQwd;l'Ujzr<5.ONB 0'K7 FahBl%^j5klhU VcIa,Y@1M"a %o>M[ HnTDyXXd?CM_fP*T-F!Ekju+$"6vg|}qRDP]hy8J}?|>+[(Qeza8kitc?*T?2im-]uz[y ]<~p >i-)}3v~?soTzT*eah=|A$=V5#dQc`Z"?!Q=8hnA~6KWpE.%=0P P*+Y0f&hxPKC}p!V8l>g3I*V)$2"# ~5n:6x=~KEmQ?n7p0ml]o 7]&FWt2 %U!-pfMUVVRx"D~fa+H2KHhcICf}a,BtIZ~I&o]Tyt]rmWwS#;+N,X'$^KS[.$!6H b?y}g&2%sCcYu-=~ytb#mjlqB$,NNk/({$'8MC!ni!OCv`>G DuL"*U 5PM}4IT-le=/ubI|PFhm!n"Yr`NJ$ P.XY*'*y9D/6J?h/%9z"$:GEO~XRVD?#:d8
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Amazon.com: Fat Burner That Works Fast – Liporidex MAX …
Lose Weight Quickly Comments Off on Amazon.com: Fat Burner That Works Fast – Liporidex MAX …
Safety Information Consult with a doctor before using this product if you are being treated for any medical condition and/or you have a condition that requires you to take prescription drugs of any kind.
Indications For use as a DIETARY SUPPLEMENT when managing your diet in an effort to control appetite, reduce body fat and maintain weight loss, using a proprietary blend of clinically proven, all-natural ingredients, antioxidants and multi-vitamins. This product contains caffeine. Individuals who are caffeine sensitive may experience symptoms including, but not limited to, headache, restlessness, palpitations or insomnia. Do not mix with other sources of caffeine. For best results, use in conjunction with a proper diet and regular exercise. **Consult a physician before starting any diet or exercise program.
Ingredients Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine HCl) Vit B12 (Cyanocobalamin) Citrus aurantium 30% Guarana 22% Caffeine Anhydrous Bioperine Bacopa Monniera Vinpocetine Choline Bitartrate Phenylthylamine Tyrosine Green Coffee Bean Ext Svetol Green Coffee Raspberry Ketones Evodiamine 98% Green Tea Ext Norcoclaurine HCL (Higenamine) Rhodiola rosea Root Ext Quercetin Ashwaganda Rt
Directions DOSAGE and DIRECTIONS For Liporidex MAX: Take TWO CAPSULES in the morning, along with a tall glass of water, preferably on an empty stomach and ONE CAPSULE 5-6 hours later in the mid-afternoon, for a TOTAL of 3 Capsules a day. Do NOT Exceed 4 Capsules in a 24 hour period. Drink plenty of water throughout the day to avoid dehydration. When first using the product, take only ONE capsule to first establish you're not caffeine/stimulant sensitive.
Legal Disclaimer FDA Statement: Results may vary. These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). This product is not intended to treat, diagnose, mitigate, prevent, or cure any condition or disease. These statements are based upon studies on the effects of specific key individual ingredients contained in the supplement and not any any study on the combination of ingredients. Consult with your doctor or physician before beginning any supplement or weight loss program. lipoRIDEX, lipoRIDEX MAXTM, lipoRIDEX PLUSTM lipoRIDEX NRGTM, and lipoRIDEX PMTM are trademarks of Nuretix Research Labs, LLC.
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How To Safely Increase Adiponectin Levels In Our Body …
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http://liquidraspberry.com - Recent research has actually discovered the protein-based bodily hormone adiponectin to be straight associated with weight problems, along with the advancement of Kind 2 diabetes. This bodily hormone controls insulin sensitiveness in individuals, and typically the more excess fat an individual is holding, the lesser the levels of adinopectin are that are distributing within the bloodstream. Hence, it makes sense to ask yourself the best ways to increase adiponectin levels to help reduce weight problems, along with to reduce the possibilities of coming to be diabetic. Fortunately is, there are methods you can increase adiponectin levels normally, along with with the help of some prescribed medications, must your physician see it required.
Why Would I Want To Raise Adiponectin Levels?
The weight problems rate in the United States is staggering. 2 thirds of adults are considered overweight, with one 3rd of them being considered obese. Because of the high weight problems rate, there is likewise a growing many Kind 2 diabetics in this country. With the current searchings for of the corellation between adiponectin levels and insulin resistance, it has show to be a promising revelation in terms of helping to eliminate Kind 2 diabetes, and possibly help to fight weight problems.
Exactly how Can I Raise Adiponectin Levels?
Diet and workout are visiting be the main aspects for helping to increase the levels of adiponectin distributing in your bloodstream. A study carried out by Dr. Adamandia D. Kriketos in the Diabetes and Weight problems Research Program Garvan Institute of Medical Research in Sydney, Australia has actually shown that even after just 3 bouts of moderate workout, the quantities of adiponectin distributing rise by up to 260 %.
Another method for the best ways to increase adiponectin levels includes a diet plan like the Mediterranean Diet. This simple way of living eating strategy incorporates a diet plan rich in fish, vegetables and fruits, and healthy fats to help lesser cholesterol, and raise adiponectin levels. Omega 3 fatty acids, along with monounsaturated fats and polyunsaturated fats like those found in numerous kinds of nuts and olive oils, along with healthy entire grains round out this way of living making it a tasty and healthy means to consume.
A 3rd method is to take a supplement such as Raspberry Ketones and personally I recommend a sublingual liquid formula, such as "Raspberry Ketone Liquid Burn" offered by Source Wellness Labs at Amazon, as they soak up into your system much quicker. Exactly how this is done is when you take the liquid raspberry ketones diet plan drops under your tongue (sublingual); the powerful raspberry ketones are quickly soaked up into your system. Once soaked up, it then increases the levels of the adiponectin present in your body.
Are There Various other Ways To Raise Adiponectin Levels?
While there are prescribed medications which are likewise able to raise the levels of this bodily hormone. These are frequently diabetes medications needing a prescribed, and they are referred to as glitazones. These medications are shown to raise adiponectin levels along with control the means the body makes use of insulin.
With the rising epidemics of weight problems and Kind 2 diabetes, there has actually been a lot of research as of late which is designed to help individuals fend off both of these conditions. Adiponectin research has actually shown to be very appealing in both the treatment of Kind 2 diabetes and weight problems in that it helps the body to control insulin. This naturally-occuring bodily hormone is scientifically shown to be decreased in individuals who are overweight, along with in those who have Kind 2 diabetes. This corellation has actually caused a lot of interest in this bodily hormone and an entire brand-new point of view in fighting weight problems and diabetes in individuals all over the world. By exercising regularly, along with eating the right foods, you can normally increase your levels of adiponectin to help fend off weight problems and diabetes.
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How To Safely Increase Adiponectin Levels In Our Body ...
Long-term effects of alcohol consumption – Wikipedia, the …
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The long-term effects of alcohol (ethanol) consumption range from cardioprotective health benefits for low to moderate alcohol consumption in industrialized societies with higher rates of cardiovascular disease[1][2] to severe detrimental effects in cases of chronic alcohol abuse.[3] High levels of alcohol consumption are associated with an increased risk of alcoholism, malnutrition, chronic pancreatitis, alcoholic liver disease and cancer. In addition, damage to the central nervous system and peripheral nervous system can occur from chronic alcohol abuse.[4][5] The long-term use of alcohol is capable of damaging nearly every organ and system in the body.[6] The developing adolescent brain is particularly vulnerable to the toxic effects of alcohol.[7] In addition, the developing fetal brain is also vulnerable, and fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASDs) may result if pregnant mothers consume alcohol.
The inverse relation in Western cultures between alcohol consumption and cardiovascular disease has been known for over 100 years.[8] Many physicians do not promote alcohol consumption, however, given the many health concerns associated with it, some suggest that alcohol should be regarded as a recreational drug, and promote exercise and good nutrition to combat cardiovascular disease.[9][10] Others have argued that the benefits of moderate alcohol consumption may be outweighed by other increased risks, including those of injuries, violence, fetal damage, liver disease, and certain forms of cancer.[11]
Withdrawal effects and dependence are also almost identical.[12] Alcohol at moderate levels has some positive and negative effects on health. The negative effects include increased risk of liver diseases, oropharyngeal cancer, esophageal cancer and pancreatitis. Conversely moderate intake of alcohol may have some beneficial effects on gastritis and cholelithiasis.[13] Of the total number of deaths and diseases caused by alcohol, most happen to the majority of the population who are moderate drinkers, rather than the heavy drinker minority.[14] Chronic alcohol misuse and abuse has serious effects on physical and mental health. Chronic excess alcohol intake, or alcohol dependence, can lead to a wide range of neuropsychiatric or neurological impairment, cardiovascular disease, liver disease, and malignant neoplasms. The psychiatric disorders which are associated with alcoholism include major depression, dysthymia, mania, hypomania, panic disorder, phobias, generalized anxiety disorder, personality disorders, schizophrenia, suicide, neurologic deficits (e.g. impairments of working memory, emotions, executive functions, visuospatial abilities and gait and balance) and brain damage. Alcohol dependence is associated with hypertension, coronary heart disease, and ischemic stroke, cancer of the respiratory system, and also cancers of the digestive system, liver, breast and ovaries. Heavy drinking is associated with liver disease, such as cirrhosis.[15] Excessive alcohol consumption can have a negative impact on aging.[16]
Recent studies have focused on understanding the mechanisms by which moderate alcohol consumption confers cardiovascular benefit.[17]
Different countries recommend different maximum quantities. For most countries, the maximum quantity for men is 140g210g per week. For women, the range is 84g140g per week.[citation needed] Most countries recommend total abstinence during pregnancy and lactation.
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Over-consumption of alcohol causes many deaths worldwide. The overall mortality from alcohol use was found to be similar to that of the effect of physical inactivity.[19] A review in 2009 found that "the net effect of alcohol consumption on health is detrimental, with an estimated 3.8% of all global deaths and 4.6% of global disability-adjusted life-years attributable to alcohol."[20]
Extensive research of Western cultures has consistently shown increased survival associated with light to moderate alcohol consumption.[21] A 23-year prospective study of 12,000 male British physicians aged 4878, found that overall mortality was significantly lower in current drinkers compared to non-drinkers even after correction for ex-drinkers. This benefit was strongest for ischemic heart disease, but was also noted for other vascular disease and respiratory disease. Death rate amongst current drinkers was higher for 'alcohol augmentable' disease such as liver disease and oral cancers, but these deaths were much less common than cardiovascular and respiratory deaths. The lowest mortality rate was found for consumption of 8 to 14 'units' per week. In the UK a unit is defined as 10ml or 8g of pure alcohol.[22] Higher consumption increased overall mortality rate, but not above that of non-drinkers.[23] Other studies have found age-dependent mortality risks of low-to-moderate alcohol use: an increased risk for individuals aged 1634 (due to increased risk of cancers, accidents, liver disease, and other factors), but a decreased risk for individuals ages 55+ (due to lower incidence of ischemic heart disease).[24]
This is consistent with other research that found a J-curve dependency between alcohol consumption and total mortality among middle aged and older men. While the mortality rates of ex-drinkers and heavy drinkers are significantly elevated, the all-cause mortality rates may be 15-18% lower among moderate drinkers. Although the definition of a drink varies between studies and countries, this meta-analysis found that low levels of alcohol intake, defined as 1-2 drinks per day for women and 2-4 drinks per day for men, was associated with lower mortality than abstainers.[25] This claim was challenged by another study[26][27] that found that in certain low quality studies occasional drinkers or ex-drinkers were included as abstainers, resulting in the increased mortality in that group. However, the J-curve for total and CHD mortality was reconfirmed by studies that took the mentioned confounders into account.[28][29][30][31] There seems to be little discussion of what proportion of individuals classified as abstainers are those already at greater risk of mortality due to chronic conditions and do not or cannot consume alcohol for reasons of health or harmful interactions with medication.
The observed decrease in mortality of light-to-moderate drinkers compared to never drinkers might be partially explained by superior health and social status of the drinking group;[32] however, the protective effect of alcohol in light to moderate drinkers remains significant even after adjusting for these confounders.[29][31] Additionally, confounders such as underreporting of alcohol intake might lead to the underestimation of how much mortality is reduced in light-to-moderate drinkers.[28][33]
A 2010 study confirmed the beneficial effect of moderate alcohol consumption on mortality.[31] Subjects were grouped into abstainers, light, moderate, and heavy drinkers. The order of mortality rates from lowest to highest were moderate, light, heavy, and abstainers. The increased risk for abstainers was twice the mortality rate as for moderate drinkers. This study specifically sought to control for confounding factors including the problem of ex-drinkers considered as non-drinkers.[31] According to another study, drinkers with heavy drinking occasions (six or more drinks at a time) have a 57% higher all-cause mortality than drinkers without heavy drinking occasions.[34]
Mortality is lowest among young abstainers and highest among young heavy drinkers.[35]
In contrast to studies of Western cultures, research in other cultures has yielded some opposite findings. The landmark INTERHEART Study has revealed that alcohol consumption in South Asians was not protective against CAD in sharp contrast to other populations who benefit from it.[36] In fact Asian Indians who consume alcohol had a 60% higher risk of heart attack which was greater with local spirits (80%) than branded spirits (50%).[37] The harm was observed in alcohol users classified as occasional as well as regular light, moderate, and heavy consumers.[37]
Another large study of 4465 subjects in India also confirmed the possible harm of alcohol consumption on coronary risk in men. Compared to lifetime abstainers, alcohol users had higher blood sugar (2mg/dl), blood pressure (2mm Hg) levels, and the HDL-C levels (2mg/dl) and significantly higher tobacco use (63% vs. 21%).[37]
Many countries collect statistics on alcohol-related deaths. While some categories relate to short-term effects, such as accidents, many relate to long-term effects of alcohol.
One study claims that "excessive alcohol consumption in Russia, particularly by men, has in recent years caused more than half of all the deaths at ages 15-54 years."[38] However, there are some difficulties with this study. For instance the same study also found a protective effect of heavy drinking on breast cancer mortality. This contradicts the well established scientific view that alcohol increases breast cancer risk.[39] On this account in further correspondence it was advised that "careful interpretation of mortality statistics in relation to alcohol use is needed, taking into account other relevant risk factors, incidence, and survival."[40]
The authors replied that "whether or not the apparent shortfall in breast cancer mortality among heavy drinkers is real, it accounts for only about 01% of adult deaths in Russia. Careful interpretation of it is therefore of little relevance to the findings for alcohol and overall mortality".
A governmental report from Britain has found that "There were 8,724 alcohol-related deaths in 2007, lower than 2006, but more than double the 4,144 recorded in 1991. The alcohol-related death rate was 13.3 per 100,000 population in 2007, compared with 6.9 per 100,000 population in 1991."[41] In Scotland, the NHS estimate that in 2003 one in every 20 deaths could be attributed to alcohol.[42] A 2009 report noted that the death rate from alcohol-related disease was 9,000, a number three times that of 25 years previously.[43]
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention report, "From 20012005, there were approximately 79,000 deaths annually attributable to excessive alcohol use. In fact, excessive alcohol use is the 3rd leading lifestyle-related cause of death for people in the United States each year."[44] A 1993 study estimated US deaths through alcohol at 100,000.[45]
In a 2010 long-term study of an older population, the beneficial effects of moderate drinking were confirmed. Both abstainers and heavy drinkers showed an increased mortality of about 50% over moderate drinkers after adjustment for confounding factors.[46]
Some animal studies have found increased longevity with exposure to various alcohols. The roundworm Caenorhabditis elegans has been used as a model for aging and age-related diseases.[47] The lifespan of these worms has been shown to double when fed 0.005% ethanol, but does not markedly increase at higher concentrations. Supplementing starved cultures with n-propanol and n-butanol also extended lifespan.[48]
A meta-analysis of 34 studies found a reduced risk of mortality from coronary heart disease in men who drank 2 - 4 drinks per day and women who drank 1 - 2 drinks per day.[25] Alcohol has been found to have anticoagulant properties.[49][50]Thrombosis is lower among moderate drinkers than abstainers.[51] A meta-analysis of randomized trials found that alcohol consumption in moderation decreases serum levels of fibrinogen, a protein that promotes clot formation, while it increases levels of tissue type plasminogen activator, an enzyme that helps dissolve clots.[52] These changes were estimated to reduce coronary heart disease risk by about 24%. Another meta-analysis in 2011 found favorable changes in HDL cholesterol, adiponectin, and fibrinogen associated with moderate alcohol consumption.[53]
Also, serum levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), a marker of inflammation and predictor of CHD (coronary heart disease) risk, are lower in moderate drinkers than in those who abstain from alcohol, suggesting that alcohol consumption in moderation might have anti-inflammatory effects.[54][55][56]
Despite epidemiological evidence, many have cautioned against recommendations for the use of alcohol for health benefits. A physician from the World Health Organisation labeled such alcohol promotion as "ridiculous and dangerous".[57][58] One reviewer has noted, "Despite the wealth of observational data, it is not absolutely clear that alcohol reduces cardiovascular risk, because no randomized controlled trials have been performed. Alcohol should never be recommended to patients to reduce cardiovascular risk as a substitute for the well-proven alternatives of appropriate diet, exercise, and drugs."[59] It has been argued[who?] that the health benefits from alcohol are at best debatable and may have been exaggerated by the alcohol industry. Some investigators hold that alcohol should be regarded as a recreational drug with potentially serious adverse effects on health and should not be promoted for cardio-protection.[9]
Nevertheless, a large prospective non-randomized study has shown that moderate alcohol intake in individuals already at low risk based on body mass index, physical activity, smoking, and diet, yields further improvement in cardiovascular risk.[60] Furthermore, a multicenter randomized diet study published in 2013 found that a Mediterranean-diet, which included an encouragement to daily wine consumption in habitual drinkers, led to a dramatic reduction in cardiovascular events.[61]
A prospective study published in 1997 found "moderate alcohol consumption appears to decrease the risk of PAD in apparently healthy men."[62] In a large population-based study, moderate alcohol consumption was inversely associated with peripheral arterial disease in women but not in men. But when confounding by smoking was considered, the benefit extended to men. The study concluded "an inverse association between alcohol consumption and peripheral arterial disease was found in nonsmoking men and women."[63][64]
A study found that moderate consumption of alcohol had a protective effect against intermittent claudication. The lowest risk was seen in men who drank 1 to 2 drinks per day and in women who drank half to 1 drink per day.[65]
Drinking in moderation has been found to help those who have suffered a heart attack survive it.[66][67][68] However, excessive alcohol consumption leads to an increased risk of heart failure.[69] A review of the literature found that half a drink of alcohol offered the best level of protection. However, they noted that at present there have been no randomised trials to confirm the evidence which suggests a protective role of low doses of alcohol against heart attacks.[70] However, moderate alcohol consumption is associated with hypertension.[11] There is an increased risk of hypertriglyceridemia, cardiomyopathy, hypertension, and stroke if 3 or more standard drinks of alcohol are taken per day.[71]
Large amount of alcohol over the long term can lead to alcoholic cardiomyopathy. Alcoholic cardiomyopathy presents in a manner clinically identical to idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy, involving hypertrophy of the musculature of the heart that can lead to congestive heart failure.[72]
Alcoholics may have anemia from several causes;[73] they may also develop thrombocytopenia from direct toxic effect on megakaryocytes, or from hypersplenism.
Chronic heavy alcohol consumption impairs brain development, causes alcohol dementia, brain shrinkage, physical dependence, increases neuropsychiatric and cognitive disorders and causes distortion of the brain chemistry. At present, due to poor study design and methodology, the literature is inconclusive on whether moderate alcohol consumption increases the risk of dementia or decreases it.[74] Evidence for a protective effect of low to moderate alcohol consumption on age related cognitive decline and dementia has been suggested by some research, however, other research has not found a protective effect of low to moderate alcohol consumption.[75] Some evidence suggests that low to moderate alcohol consumption may speed up brain volume loss.[76] Chronic consumption of alcohol may result in increased plasma levels of the toxic amino acid homocysteine;[77][78] which may explain alcohol withdrawal seizures,[79] alcohol-induced brain atrophy[80] and alcohol-related cognitive disturbances.[81] Alcohol's impact on the nervous system can also include disruptions of memory and learning (see Effects of alcohol on memory), such as resulting in a blackout phenomenon.
Epidemiological studies of middle-aged populations generally find the relationship between alcohol intake and the risk of stroke to be either U- or J-shaped.[82][83][84][85] There may be very different effects of alcohol based on the type of stroke studied. The predominant form of stroke in Western cultures is ischemic, whereas non-western cultures have more hemorrhagic stroke. In contrast to the beneficial effect of alcohol on ischemic stroke, consumption of more than 2 drinks per day increases the risk of hemorrhagic stroke. The National Stroke Association estimates this higher amount of alcohol increases stroke risk by 50%.[86] "For stroke, the observed relationship between alcohol consumption and risk in a given population depends on the proportion of strokes that are hemorrhagic. Light-to-moderate alcohol intake is associated with a lower risk of ischemic stroke which is likely to be, in part, causal. Hemorrhagic stroke, on the other hand, displays a loglinear relationship with alcohol intake."[87]
Alcohol abuse is associated with widespread and significant brain lesions. Alcohol related brain damage is not only due to the direct toxic effects of alcohol; alcohol withdrawal, nutritional deficiency, electrolyte disturbances, and liver damage are also believed to contribute to alcohol-related brain damage.[88] The long-term effects of alcohol on brain chemistry is an important cause of chronic fatigue.[89]
Excessive alcohol intake is associated with impaired prospective memory. This impaired cognitive ability leads to increased failure to carry out an intended task at a later date, for example, forgetting to lock the door or to post a letter on time. The higher the volume of alcohol consumed and the longer consumed, the more severe the impairments.[90] One of the organs most sensitive to the toxic effects of chronic alcohol consumption is the brain. In France approximately 20% of admissions to mental health facilities are related to alcohol-related cognitive impairment, most notably alcohol-related dementia. Chronic excessive alcohol intake is also associated with serious cognitive decline and a range of neuropsychiatric complications. The elderly are the most sensitive to the toxic effects of alcohol on the brain.[91] There is some inconclusive evidence that small amounts of alcohol taken in earlier adult life is protective in later life against cognitive decline and dementia.[92] However, a study concluded, "Our findings suggest that, despite previous suggestions, moderate alcohol consumption does not protect older people from cognitive decline."[93]
Acetaldehyde is produced from ethanol metabolism by the liver. The acetaldehyde is further metabolized by the enzyme acetaldehyde dehydrogenase. A deficiency of this enzyme is not uncommon in individuals from Northeastern Asia as pointed out in a study from Japan.[94] This study has suggested these individuals may be more susceptible to late-onset Alzheimer's disease, however this higher risk is associated with the enzyme deficiency not with alcohol consumption. Individuals with this defect generally do not drink alcohol.
Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome is a manifestation of thiamine deficiency, usually as a secondary effect of alcohol abuse.[95] The syndrome is a combined manifestation of two eponymous disorders, Korsakoff's Psychosis and Wernicke's encephalopathy, named after Drs. Sergei Korsakoff and Carl Wernicke. Wernicke's encephalopathy is the acute presentation of the syndrome and is characterised by a confusional state while Korsakoff's psychosis main symptoms are amnesia and executive dysfunction.[96]
Essential tremors can be temporarily relieved in up to two-thirds of patients by drinking small amounts of alcohol.[97]
Ethanol is known to activate aminobutyric acid type A (GABAA) and inhibit N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) glutamate receptors, which are both implicated in essential tremor pathology[98] and could underlie the ameliorative effects.[99][100] Additionally, the effects of ethanol have been studied in different animal essential tremor models.
For more details on this topic, see Essential tremor
Chronic use of alcohol used to induce sleep can lead to insomnia: frequent moving between sleep stages occurs, with awakenings due to headaches and diaphoresis. Stopping chronic alcohol abuse can also lead to profound disturbances of sleep with vivid dreams. Chronic alcohol abuse is associated with NREM stage 3 and 4 sleep as well as suppression of REM sleep and REM sleep fragmentation. During withdrawal REM sleep is typically exaggerated as part of a rebound effect.[101]
High rates of major depressive disorder occur in heavy drinkers and those who abuse alcohol. Whether it is more true that major depressive disorder causes self-medicating alcohol abuse, or the increased incidence of the disorder in alcohol abusers is caused by the drinking, is not known though some evidence suggests drinking causes the disorder.[102] Alcohol misuse is associated with a number of mental health disorders and alcoholics have a very high suicide rate.[103] A study of people hospitalised for suicide attempts found that those who were alcoholics were 75 times more likely to go on to successfully commit suicide than non-alcoholic suicide attempters.[104] In the general alcoholic population the increased risk of suicide compared to the general public is 5-20 times greater. About 15 percent of alcoholics commit suicide. Abuse of other drugs is also associated with an increased risk of suicide. About 33 percent of suicides in the under 35s are due to alcohol or other substance misuse.[105]
Social skills are significantly impaired in people suffering from alcoholism due to the neurotoxic effects of alcohol on the brain, especially the prefrontal cortex area of the brain. The social skills that are impaired by alcohol abuse include impairments in perceiving facial emotions, prosody perception problems and theory of mind deficits; the ability to understand humour is also impaired in alcohol abusers.[106]
Studies have shown that alcohol dependence relates directly to cravings and irritability.[107] Another study has shown that alcohol use is a significant predisposing factor towards antisocial behavior in children.[108] Depression, anxiety and panic disorder are disorders commonly reported by alcohol dependent people. Alcoholism is associated with dampened activation in brain networks responsible for emotional processing (e.g. the amygdala and hippocampus).[109] Evidence that the mental health disorders are often induced by alcohol misuse via distortion of brain neurochemistry is indicated by the improvement or disappearance of symptoms that occurs after prolonged abstinence, although problems may worsen in early withdrawal and recovery periods.[110][111][112] Psychosis is secondary to several alcohol-related conditions including acute intoxication and withdrawal after significant exposure.[113] Chronic alcohol misuse can cause psychotic type symptoms to develop, more so than with other drugs of abuse. Alcohol abuse has been shown to cause an 800% increased risk of psychotic disorders in men and a 300% increased risk of psychotic disorders in women which are not related to pre-existing psychiatric disorders. This is significantly higher than the increased risk of psychotic disorders seen from cannabis use making alcohol abuse a very significant cause of psychotic disorders.[114] Approximately 3 percent of people who are alcohol dependent experience psychosis during acute intoxication or withdrawal. Alcohol-related psychosis may manifest itself through a kindling mechanism. The mechanism of alcohol-related psychosis is due to distortions to neuronal membranes, gene expression, as well as thiamin deficiency. It is possible in some cases that alcohol abuse via a kindling mechanism can cause the development of a chronic substance-induced psychotic disorder, i.e. schizophrenia. The effects of an alcohol-related psychosis include an increased risk of depression and suicide as well as psychosocial impairments.[113] However, moderate wine drinking has been shown to lower the risk for depression.[115]
While alcohol initially helps social phobia or panic symptoms, with longer term alcohol misuse can often worsen social phobia symptoms and can cause panic disorder to develop or worsen, during alcohol intoxication and especially during the alcohol withdrawal syndrome. This effect is not unique to alcohol but can also occur with long-term use of drugs which have a similar mechanism of action to alcohol such as the benzodiazepines, which are sometimes prescribed as tranquillizers to people with alcohol problems.[116] Approximately half of patients attending mental health services for conditions including anxiety disorders such as panic disorder or social phobia suffer from alcohol or benzodiazepine dependence. It was noted that every individual has an individual sensitivity level to alcohol or sedative hypnotic drugs and what one person can tolerate without ill health another will suffer very ill health and that even moderate drinking can cause rebound anxiety syndromes and sleep disorders. A person who is suffering the toxic effects of alcohol will not benefit from other therapies or medications as they do not address the root cause of the symptoms.[117]
The impact of alcohol on weight-gain is contentious: some studies find no effect,[118] others find decreased[119] or increased effect on weight gain.
Alcohol use increases the risk of chronic gastritis (stomach inflammation);[3][120] it is one cause of cirrhosis, hepatitis, and pancreatitis in both its chronic and acute forms.
A study concluded, "Mild to moderate alcohol consumption is associated with a lower prevalence of the metabolic syndrome, with a favorable influence on lipids, waist circumference, and fasting insulin. This association was strongest among whites and among beer and wine drinkers."[121] This is also true for Asians. A J-curve association between alcohol intake and metabolic syndrome was found: "The results of the present study suggest that the metabolic syndrome is negatively associated with light alcohol consumption (115 g alcohol/d) in Korean adults". However, "odds ratios for the metabolic syndrome and its components tended to increase with increasing alcohol consumption."[122]
Research has found that drinking reduces the risk of developing gallstones. Compared with alcohol abstainers, the relative risk of gallstone disease, controlling for age, sex, education, smoking, and body mass index, is 0.83 for occasional and regular moderate drinkers (< 25 ml of ethanol per day), 0.67 for intermediate drinkers (25-50 ml per day), and 0.58 for heavy drinkers. This inverse association was consistent across strata of age, sex, and body mass index."[123] Frequency of drinking also appears to be a factor. "An increase in frequency of alcohol consumption also was related to decreased risk. Combining the reports of quantity and frequency of alcohol intake, a consumption pattern that reflected frequent intake (5-7 days/week) of any given amount of alcohol was associated with a decreased risk, as compared with nondrinkers. In contrast, infrequent alcohol intake (1-2 days/week) showed no significant association with risk."[124]
A large self-reported study published in 1998 found no correlation between gallbladder disease and multiple factors including smoking, alcohol consumption, hypertension, and coffee consumption.[125] A retrospective study from 1997 found vitamin C (ascorbic acid) supplement use in drinkers was associated with a lower prevalence of gallbladder disease, but this association was not seen in non-drinkers.[126]
Alcoholic liver disease is a major public health problem. For example in the United States up to two million people have alcohol-related liver disorders.[127] Chronic alcohol abuse can cause fatty liver, cirrhosis and alcoholic hepatitis. Treatment options are limited and consist of most importantly discontinuing alcohol consumption. In cases of severe liver disease, the only treatment option may be a liver transplant from alcohol abstinent donors. Research is being conducted into the effectiveness of anti-TNFs. Certain complementary medications, e.g., milk thistle and silymarin, appear to offer some benefit.[127][128] Alcohol is a leading cause of liver cancer in the Western world, accounting for 32-45% of hepatic cancers. Up to half a million people in the United States develop alcohol-related liver cancer.[129][130] Moderate alcohol consumption also increases the risk of liver disease.[11]
Alcohol abuse is a leading cause of both acute pancreatitis and chronic pancreatitis.[131][132] Alcoholic pancreatitis can result in severe abdominal pain and may progress to pancreatic cancer.[133] Chronic pancreatitis often results in intestinal malabsorption, and can result in diabetes.[134]
Chronic alcohol ingestion can impair multiple critical cellular functions in the lung.[citation needed] These cellular impairments can lead to increased susceptibility to serious complications from lung disease. Recent research cites alcoholic lung disease as comparable to liver disease in alcohol-related mortality.[citation needed] Alcoholics have a higher risk of developing acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and experience higher rates of mortality from ARDS when compared to non-alcoholics.[citation needed] Despite these effects, a large prospective study has shown a protective effect of moderate alcohol consumption on respiratory mortality.[23]
Research indicates that drinking alcohol is associated with a lower risk of developing kidney stones. One study concludes, "Since beer seemed to be protective against kidney stones, the physiologic effects of other substances besides ethanol, especially those of hops, should also be examined."[135] "...consumption of coffee, alcohol, and vitamin C supplements were negatively associated with stones."[136] "After mutually adjusting for the intake of other beverages, the risk of stone formation decreased by the following amount for each 240-ml (8-oz) serving consumed daily: caffeinated coffee, 10%; decaffeinated coffee, 10%; tea, 14%; beer, 21%; and wine, 39%."[137] "...stone formation decreased by the following amount for each 240-mL (8-oz) serving consumed daily: 10% for caffeinated coffee, 9% for decaffeinated coffee, 8% for tea, and 59% for wine." (CI data excised from last two quotes.).[138]
Long term excessive intake of alcohol can lead to damage to the central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system resulting in loss of sexual desire and impotence in men.[139] This is caused by reduction of testosterone from ethanol-induced testicular atrophy, resulting in increased feminisation of males and is a clinical feature of alcohol abusing males who have cirrhosis of the liver.[140]
Excessive alcohol intake can result in hyperoestrogenisation.[141] It has been speculated that alcohol beverages may contain estrogen like compounds. In men, high levels of estrogen can lead to testicular failure and the development of feminine traits including development of male breasts, called gynecomastia.[142][143] In women, increased levels of estrogen due to excessive alcohol intake have been related to an increased risk of breast cancer.[143][144]
A meta-analysis found with data from 477,200 individuals determined the dose-response relationships by sex and end point using lifetime abstainers as the reference group. The search revealed 20 cohort studies that met our inclusion criteria. A U-shaped relationship was found for both sexes. Compared with lifetime abstainers, the relative risk (RR) for type 2 diabetes among men was most protective when consuming 22 g/day alcohol (RR 0.87 [95% CI 0.761.00]) and became deleterious at just over 60 g/day alcohol (1.01 [0.711.44]). Among women, consumption of 24 g/day alcohol was most protective (0.60 [0.520.69]) and became deleterious at about 50 g/day alcohol (1.02 [0.831.26]).
Because former drinkers may be inspired to abstain due to health concerns, they may actually be at increased risk of developing diabetes, known as the sick-quitter effect. Moreover, the balance of risk of alcohol consumption on other diseases and health outcomes, even at moderate levels of consumption, may outweigh the positive benefits with regard to diabetes.
Additionally, the way in which alcohol is consumed (i.e., with meals or bingeing on weekends) affects various health outcomes. Thus, it may be the case that the risk of diabetes associated with heavy alcohol consumption is due to consumption mainly on the weekend as opposed to the same amount spread over a week.[145] In the United Kingdom "advice on weekly consumption is avoided".
Also, a twenty-year twin study from Finland has shown that moderate alcohol consumption may reduce the risk of type 2 diabetes in men and women. However, binge drinking and high alcohol consumption was found to increase the risk of type 2 diabetes in women. [146] A study in mice has suggested a beneficial effect of alcohol in promoting insulin sensitivity.[147]
Regular consumption of alcohol is associated with an increased risk of gouty arthritis[148][149] and a decreased risk of rheumatoid arthritis.[150][151][152][153][154] Two recent studies report that the more alcohol consumed, the lower the risk of developing rheumatoid arthritis. Among those who drank regularly, the one-quarter who drank the most were up to 50% less likely to develop the disease compared to the half who drank the least.[155]
The researchers noted that moderate alcohol consumption also reduces the risk of other inflammatory processes such as cardiovascualar disease. Some of the biological mechanisms by which ethanol reduces the risk of destructive arthritis and prevents the loss of bone mineral density (BMD), which is part of the disease process.[156]
A study concluded, "Alcohol either protects from RA or, subjects with RA curtail their drinking after the manifestation of RA".[157] Another study found, "Postmenopausal women who averaged more than 14 alcoholic drinks per week had a reduced risk of rheumatoid arthritis..."[158]
Moderate alcohol consumption is associated with higher bone mineral density in postmenopausal women. "...Alcohol consumption significantly decreased the likelihood [of osteoporosis]."[159] "Moderate alcohol intake was associated with higher BMD in postmenopausal elderly women."[160] "Social drinking is associated with higher bone mineral density in men and women [over 45]."[161] However, alcohol abuse is associated with bone loss.[162][163]
Chronic excessive alcohol abuse is associated with a wide range of skin disorders including urticaria, porphyria cutanea tarda, flushing, cutaneous stigmata of cirrhosis, psoriasis, pruritus, seborrheic dermatitis and rosacea.[164]
A 2010 study concluded, "Nonlight beer intake is associated with an increased risk of developing psoriasis among women. Other alcoholic beverages did not increase the risk of psoriasis in this study."[165]
There is a protective effect of alcohol consumption against active infection with H. pylori[166] In contrast, alcohol intake (comparing those who drink > 30g of alcohol per day to non-drinkers) is not associated with higher risk of duodenal ulcer.[167] Excessive alcohol consumption seen in alcoholics is a known risk factor for pneumonia.
A study on the common cold found that "Greater numbers of alcoholic drinks (up to three or four per day) were associated with decreased risk for developing colds because drinking was associated with decreased illness following infection. However, the benefits of drinking occurred only among nonsmokers. [...] Although alcohol consumption did not influence risk of clinical illness for smokers, moderate alcohol consumption was associated with decreased risk for nonsmokers."[168]
Another study concluded, "Findings suggest that wine intake, especially red wine, may have a protective effect against common cold. Beer, spirits, and total alcohol intakes do not seem to affect the incidence of common cold."[169]
In 1988 the International Agency for Research on Cancer (Centre International de Recherche sur le Cancer) of the World Health Organization classified alcohol as a Group 1 carcinogen, stating "There is sufficient evidence for the carcinogenicity of alcoholic beverages in humans.... Alcoholic beverages are carcinogenic to humans (Group 1)."[170] The U.S. Department of Health & Human Services National Toxicology Program in 2000 listed alcohol as a known carcinogen.[171]
It was estimated in 2006 that "3.6% of all cancer cases worldwide are related to alcohol drinking, resulting in 3.5% of all cancer deaths."[172] A European study from 2011 found that one in 10 of all cancers in men and one in 33 in women were caused by past or current alcohol intake.[173][174] The World Cancer Research Fund panel report Food, Nutrition, Physical Activity and the Prevention of Cancer: a Global Perspective finds the evidence "convincing" that alcoholic drinks increase the risk of the following cancers: mouth, pharynx and larynx, oesophagus, colorectum (men), breast (pre- and postmenopause).[175]
Acetaldehyde, a metabolic product of alcohol, is suspected to promote cancer. Typically the liver eliminates 99% of acetaldehyde produced. However, liver disease and certain genetic enzyme deficiencies result in high acetaldehyde levels. Heavy drinkers who are exposed to high acetaldehyde levels due to a genetic defect in alcohol dehydrogenase have been found to be at greater risk of developing cancers of the upper gastrointestinal tract and liver.[176] A review in 2007 found "convincing evidence that acetaldehyde... is responsible for the carcinogenic effect of ethanol... owing to its multiple mutagenic effects on DNA."[177] Acetaldehyde can react with DNA to create DNA adducts including the Cr-Pdg adduct. This Cr-PdG adduct "is likely to play a central role in the mechanism of alcoholic beverage related carcinogenesis."[178] Some have pointed out that even moderate levels of alcohol consumption are associated with an increased risk of certain forms of cancer.[11]
Fetal alcohol syndrome or FAS is a birth defect that occurs in the offspring of women who drink alcohol during pregnancy. Drinking heavily or during the early stages of prenatal development has been conclusively linked to FAS; moderate consumption is associated with fetal damage.[11] Alcohol crosses the placental barrier and can stunt fetal growth or weight, create distinctive facial stigmata, damaged neurons and brain structures, and cause other physical, mental, or behavioural problems.[179] Fetal alcohol exposure is the leading known cause of intellectual disability in the Western world.[180] Alcohol consumption during pregnancy is associated with brain insulin and insulin-like growth factor resistance.[162]
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