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Intermittent fasting or 'time-restricted' eating has long been seen as one of the most effective ways to achieve weight loss.

And now one expert has suggested it all comes down to when you eat breakfast, because the goal is to achieve a fasting period of at least 14 hours.

Speaking at the Cheltenham Science Festival in the UK, Tim Spector, professor of genetic epidemiology at King's College London, suggested the best time to eat breakfast was 11am.

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That's because more people are eating dinner much later than before, around 9pm.

And even those who eat earlier, tend to continue snacking until later at night, which professor Spector explained makes it "difficult to achieve a 14-hour fasting period".

"There is a simple change people can make, by shifting their breakfast from 8am to 11am, which actually is more effective than more fashionable fasting diets like 5:2," he said.

"Fasting for 14 hours a day, using a later breakfast, but overall eating the same amount, is easier to achieve long-term. It works because the microbes in our gut have a circadian rhythm like us and need a rest period."

READ MORE: Dietitian explains the pros and cons of calorie counting

It comes after Dr Rahul Jandial, world-renowned brain surgeon and neuroscientist, recently told 9Honey that there are actually a host of psychological benefits to skipping breakfast every now and then.

"The brain is a hybrid vehicle and the concept of intermittent fasting has been proven to have a psychologically clarifying effect," the said.

"What the body naturally does is when glucose runs out after 16 hours, the liver says 'the body's out of glucose', then the brain says 'I'm not happy', and then the liver will release ketones."

"If you look at the cognitive neuroscience literature, people do better with emotion, focus, alertness, when they're running on a hybrid vehicle sometimes electric sometimes gas, sometimes ketones, sometimes glucose," Dr Jandial noted.

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10 super healthy breakfasts you can make the night before

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A plant-based diet might help improve health by managing weight and preventing illness, and doctors should take note, according toa commentary published May 26 in the American Journal of Lifestyle Medicine.

Doctors with the Physicians Committee for Responsible Medicine, a nonprofit organization of health experts advocating for vegan diets, wrote in the commentary thatmedical experts should be more aware of the evidence-based benefits of diets rich in plant foods like greens, beans, fruits, and nuts.

Plant-based diets may be especially helpful forsix common health concerns, research suggests, ranging from cancer and cognitive decline to weight management and stable blood sugar.

Eating a mostly vegan diet could help you maintain a healthy weight, according to the commentary. The authorscite a 2013 study of more than 70,000 people which found vegans tended to weigh nearly 10 pounds less, on average, than their omnivorous peers.

Diets rich in plants may make it easier to maintain a lower weight because plant foods tend to be lower in calories than processed foods or animal products.Switching to a plant-based diet can help people lose weight , too a 2022 study found vegan diet led to weight loss in 12 weeks, compared to either a Mediterranean diet or participants' typical eating habits.

Vegan diets may also help with weight loss by feeding the gut microbiome, beneficial bacteria in your digestive system, with plenty of fiber, according to a 2019 study. Fiber may also help you feel full for longer after eating, according to dietitians.

Fiber is an important nutrient for long-term health and disease prevention, according to the commentary, and plant-based diets have been linked to lower risk of breast cancer, colorectal cancer, and prostate cancer.

Adding more vegetables, fruits, and grains may also prevent cancer by increasing your intake of antioxidants, micronutrients that help reduce inflammation and stress on the cells.

Plant based diets are also linked to significantly lower risk of diabetes, according to the commentary, and fiber likely plays a role.

Fiber slows the digestion and absorption of glucose as your body breaks down carbohydrates for energy, which helps prevent dips and spikes in blood sugar, dietitians previously told Insider.

As a result, plant foods may also help people who have diabetes manage their blood sugar too, research suggests.

The vitamins, minerals, and micronutrients in plant foods could also stave off cognitive decline, evidence suggests. A 2020 study found that combined with other healthy lifestyle factors, eating more vegetables, grains, and legumes was linked to significantly lower risk of Alzheimer's disease.

As a result, plant-based diets should be recommended to fight Alzheimer's and other forms of dementia, according to the commentary.

A wealth of evidence suggests eating plants is great for your heart by adding beneficial foods and reducing foods like meat linked to heart disease.

Studies show vegetarians and vegans have significantly lower risk of heart attacks and similar issues than omnivores.

Plant foods tend to be low in cholesterol and saturated fat, both of which have been linked to risks for heart health.

More research is needed, but the health benefits of eating plants may be protective against the pandemic, according to the commentary. Healthy plant-based diets were linked to significantly lower risk of severe coronavirus infection, one 2021 study found.

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6 health reasons to try a plant-based diet, according to doctors - Insider

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As the number of total knee replacement (TKR) surgeries continue to climb, a study out of Queensland, Australia points at a possible major cause and with it a possible solution.

Obesity and weight gain, the study found, is both increasing the amount of TKRs done, as well as driving down the average age of the recipient.

Using data from the Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) 2017-18 National Health Survey with the Australian Orthopaedic Association National Joint Replacement Registry, researchers found that, of the 56,217 Australian TKR patients in that time frame, 57.7 percent were obese.

TKR patients who were obese were also an average of seven years younger than patients who were not obese.

Additionally, women ages 55 to 64 with obesity were 17 times more likely to need TKR than those who were not obese.

Men living with obesity were 5.8 times more likely to need TKR than their peers who were not obese.

Those statistics ring true, orthopedic surgeons say.

We have a silent impending epidemic, Dr. Scott Oliver, orthopedic surgery specialist at Beth Israel Deaconess Plymouth in Massachusetts, told Healthline.

And with obesity projected to continue to increase, this is only going to increase as well, he said.

Oliver said weight has a particular impact on the knee joint, even more so than the hip.

He said that four things often lead to knee joint damage. They are genetics, overuse, trauma, and excessive weight. He added that these things can damage joints in any combination together or individually.

The general statement, he said, is that every added pound over a healthy weight can add four pounds of pressure to a weight-bearing joint like the knee.

We see it more and more in younger people, and its not going away, he said.

Thats what inspired Dr. Chris Wall, deputy director of the Department of Orthopaedics at Queensland College, to conduct the study.

A large proportion of the patients that I see in clinic with knee osteoarthritis are obese. Similarly, a large proportion of patients that I perform knee replacements on are obese. This sparked my interest, he said.

Why does weight impact the knee joint so profoundly? Wall said the answer isnt as clear cut as people may think.

The traditional theory was that excess body weight affected the knee in a purely mechanical fashion. However, recent research has demonstrated that the association between obesity and knee osteoarthritis is much more complex. The association is still not fully understood, but it is probably a combination of genetic, biochemical and metabolic factors, as well as mechanical overload, he explained.

Despite the rising need for knee TKR surgeries, Wall said the study does highlight potential good news too: prevention can help reduce the risk.

Previous research has shown that modest weight loss 10 percent of body weight significantly improves the symptoms of knee osteoarthritis and reduces the risk of needing a knee replacement, Wall said.

He said hes met many patients with obesity and knee osteoarthritis who lost some weight and their knee symptoms improved to the point that they no longer needed a knee replacement.

Oliver also pointed out that there are four primary ways obesity can be treated to help reduce the risk of necessary TKR surgeries. They are: medications, injections, physical therapy and weight reduction.

He said that surgery should always be a last resort, reiterating that weight loss can often slow down or stop progression toward needing a TKR if action is taken early enough.

Both Wall and Oliver pointed out that TKR surgery alone cant fix the issue. If a persons obesity isnt treated, the extra weight will wear down the newly replaced joint.

Unfortunately, obesity increases the risk of short-term and long-term complications after knee replacement, Wall said.

Among the potential complications is the risk of infection after TKR surgery, which is ten times higher for those who are living with obesity.

Oliver said this can mean way more than simply needing an extra round of antibiotics. In many cases, an infection will require the TKR to be removed and replaced with another surgery.

He said these concerns are often part of the dilemma with TKR surgeries for people with obesity.

We dont want to put the patient at risk, he said.

Oliver said he feels that treating obesity is the key to reducing the need for TKR surgeries. He pointed to research which projects that knee injuries due to obesity will soar to 70 percent by the end of the decade.

We are seeing it in younger and younger people, and its not going away, he said.

Wall agreed that its a challenge that needs attention and action at a higher level.

I think the key message is that we need to address the issue of obesity at a population level, including a strong focus on prevention, he said.

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Average Age for Knee Replacement Surgery Is Dropping Due to Obesity - Healthline

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The human body plays host to trillions of bacteria and other microbes both in the body and on the skin. Collectively, theyre known as the microbiome, and those that live in the gut make up the gut microbiome.

We all harbor a very specific distribution in the gut thats fairly adapted to us, says microbiologist Christian Diener, PhD, a postdoctoral fellow at the Institute for Systems Biology (ISB)in Seattle. Its almost like a fingerprint.

In the past several decades, a more complete picture of how the gut microbiome works has begun to crystallize. Thanks to initiatives like the federally funded Human Genome Project and others, scientists now better understand how these microbes affect many facets of human health, from certain disease processes to mental health.

But many questions remain, including one related to the role gut bacteria play in weight maintenance. Although researchers have a decent idea of how the food we eat factors into the composition of the microorganisms that live in the gut, research has only just started parsing the reverse, how gut bacteria affect our eating habits, cravings, even our ability to put on or take off weight.

Weve known that, in mice, the microbiome can cause obesity, says Noel Mueller, PhD, an associate professor of epidemiology at Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore. But which microbes are potentially beneficial or detrimental for metabolic health and obesity has been an ongoing line of investigation. Were getting a better picture of that now.

The evidence that the bacteria in our guts plays a big role in obesity comes frompast research comparing the microbiomes of twins. Researchers found similarities in twins that they call core microbiome, indicating that there may be a genetic component to what kind of bacteria populate our digestive tracts. They also discovered some fundamental differences between the microbiomes of a twin who was a healthy weight and the corresponding twin with obesity, which shows that the microbiome can be influenced by environmental factors as well.

Even more interestingly, when researchers transplanted bacteria from human microbiomes into mice that had been bred and raised to be germ-free, mice that received bacteria from the twin with obesity became obese and those that received bacteria from the normal-weight twin stayed at their normal weight. They were able to replicate that over and over, says Dr. Mueller. Of course, experts cannot say for certain whether the same results are true in humans without additional study.

In an effort to understand whether the composition of a persons microbiome might predict weight-loss success, Dr. Diener and colleagues conducted an experiment involving 105 individuals enrolled in a yearlong wellness program. They evaluated the gut bacteria of the participants at the start of the program and again at the end, and found that certain bacterial genes appeared to be associated with the ability to lose weight and others were likely associated with a strong resistance to losing weight. They also learned that people whose gut bacteria reproduce quickly dropped weight more successfully. The results, which were published in October 2021 in the journal mSystems, may explain why some people have a harder time losing weight than others.

Those bacteria in our guts may not just influence how readily we gain or lose weight, but what we eat as well. Theres lot of evidence that diet can be a strong influencer of those microbial communities, says biologist Brian Trevelline, PhD, a postdoctoral fellow at Cornell who coauthored a paper on the subject that was published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences in April 2022. We know diet influences microbes, but can microbes influence diet?

Early evidence seems to suggest they can. Because the study of the microbiome is relatively new, much of what we currently know comes from research on mice. In another experiment using germ-free mice, Dr. Trevelline and colleagues introduced microbial colonies from other mice, each of which had a specific diet: plant-based, omnivorous, or carnivorous. The germ-free mice that received a bacterial transplant from mice on a plant-based diet preferred a high-protein diet over a high-carb, low-protein one, a preference that differed from the other groups. This seems to indicate that the composition of bacteria in the gut may somehow shape food preferences, at least in mice.

Though its too early to say whether these results hold for humans, research is ongoing into the effect microorganisms have on appetite and metabolism, as well as on feeling hungry or full.

With the limited knowledge we currently have of the microbiome and its role in obesity, is it possible to alter the bacteria composition in our guts to maintain weight, stave off obesity, and benefit long-term health? While there is no quick and easy solution after all, bacterial communities differ from person to person, and what works for one may not for someone else, Diener says experts believe that interventions with some real potential are likely.

One such intervention may involve altering the microbiome by eating fewer processed foods, as emerging research has shown possible links between the Western diet and an imbalance in the gut. We rely heavily on convenience foods, but they lack nutrition, says Chanel Love, RD, LD, a Houston-based dietitian who works with people with gut disorders. When we rely on these foods, were not feeding the beneficial gut microbes. And if youre not continually feeding the beneficial gut microbes, you allow the pathogenic ones to thrive, creating an unhealthy balance of good and bad bacteria.

Love also recommends upping the variety of plants in a diet, adding not just more of them but a wider range, too. She points to a study showing that people who ate 30 different plant foods weekly had greater diversity in their gut microorganisms than those whod had 10 or fewer.

This doesnt mean ditching favorite foods completely. Its just diversifying, she adds. How can you make that oatmeal a little different every day? Maybe its oatmeal and blueberries one day, oatmeal and strawberries the next day, oatmeal and almonds the next.

Probiotics and prebiotics when used appropriately and with other dietary modifications may also help by increasing beneficial gut bacteria and decreasing harmful ones, notes research.

Probiotics are live microorganisms found in fermented foods such as yogurt, and, in some cases, supplements. Simply ingesting these foods isnt enough, however, Mueller says. For them to survive and outcompete organisms that have lived in the gut for far longer, theyll likely require accompaniment by the sugars they need to metabolize. Recent research has shown just that. This is quite spectacular, he says. If you give the microbes the right sugar, they stick around.

Those sugars are known as prebiotics, compounds that act as fuel for specific beneficial microbes and are naturally found in usually plant-based foods such as asparagus, garlic, onions, and banana, according to research.

Then theres microbiome-directed foods, those intentionally formulated to change whats colonizing the gut. A team at Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis recently determined that certain types of fiber added to their snack food prototypes altered gut bacteria in ways that could benefit long-term health for study participants with overweight and obesity.

As the field progresses further, so, too will the interventions. And, according to Mueller, the proof is mounting that were on the right course. Theres pretty tantalizing evidence, he says, suggesting that the microbiome has an important role in the development of overweight and obesity and also potentially for weight loss.

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How the Microbiome Influences Weight and Obesity - Everyday Health

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YouTuber Brendan Jones has been on a body transformation journey recently, leaning down and getting ripped in 2021but his journey has been a long one, starting way back in 2016 when he first started undertaking workout challenges on the Goal Guys channel. In a new video, Jones shares what he's learned over the last five years, including the rookie errors that held back his gains at first.

The first mistake that he made was trying to do too much too soon, including making drastic changes to his diet. "Starting out as a new lifter, I was so eager to add size that I interpreted any increase on the scale as a sign that my muscle gains were coming in," he says. "And why shouldn't they be? I was clean bulking with an ever-increasing calorie surplus, and training as hard as I ever had in the gym."

While the research would indicate that Jones could expect to gain a maximum of 1 or 2 pounds per month this way, he was gaining upwards of 4 pounds each month. "My calorie surplus was so intense, my body was converting more and more of those calories into fat," he says. When he tried to counteract this by upping his cardio and reducing his calorie intake, he did lose weightbut that included a loss in muscle mass as well as fat.

Jones recognizes now that he shouldn't have been thinking in terms of bulking or cutting so early, and that cleaning up his nutrition on top of his training would have put him in a "perfect spot" to build muscle while burning fat.

Jones' second major mistake was a lack of accountability, whether in the form of a trainer or workout buddy, which he now believes to be one of the best ways of ensuring success in your fitness goals. "It's silly that even as an adult, I'm still motivating myself with the equivalent of getting a gold star from the teacher, but having that social incentive to follow through really does make the difference between skipping a workout once a week or actually getting the workout done," he says. "And those small victories over time actually add up to significant improvements in your final results."

The third mistake Jones made in the early stages of his journey was to prioritize the short-term wins over his long-term objectives. Rather than sticking to intensely restrictive diets, he now tries to build more sustainable habits that he can stick to permanently. These include coming up with go-to meals that enable him to hit his macro and calorie targets, going for a 30-minute morning walk, carving out 30 minutes each evening for a workout, and trying to get a minimum of 7 hours of sleep.

Finally, Jones explains that it was only once he started being able to recognize how "invisible" external factors were affecting him that he began to see real changes. These can be anything from the length of a morning commute, to the number of fast food restaurants in a neighborhood. Jones found that the amount of time he was spending sitting in traffic (and the snacking he would do in the car) was contributing to his stress levels and sedentary lifestyle.

"Understanding what environmental factors may be affecting you and the goals you're working towards can help you form better plans to adjust, find strategies to cope, and maybe adjust your timeline if it looks like the goal weight you set for yourself may take longer than you expected," he says. "All this is part of the process of training smart, making the right adjustments as you go, and learning from your mistakes."

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ROCHESTER Becky Hubbard married her husband, Jarrett, in a small intimate courthouse ceremony in January 2020.

The newlyweds plan was to hold a celebration later in the year, but then COVID-19 hit. And like so many other well-laid plans, the Hubbards wedding celebration was put on ice.

But unlike a lot of people, who went on high-caloric eating binges to cope with the stress, Hubbard, 38, used the pandemic as a pretext to go on a diet. It was not her first attempt.

The Rochester woman figures that she has been dieting off and on since her late teens. She tried starving herself, Weight Watchers, and milkshakes. Paleo dieting provided the best results, but like her previous attempts, the weight loss proved to be temporary.

I found that over time, paleo was too restrictive for me to carry it long term, said Hubbard, a Minnesota Department of Transportation environmental document writer.

Contributed / Mayo Clinic

At the beginning of the year, Hubbard tried again, hitting upon a combination of motivations that ended up providing more long-lasting results. Hubbard knew she wanted to have kids and that having kids required a level of healthiness that had eluded her most of her adult life.

Another motivating factor was the pandemic itself. Having been obese most of her life, Hubbard knew that her weight was a risk factor for severe illness or even death if she caught the disease.

Today, Hubbard can no longer wear the beautiful dress that she wore on her wedding day because its too big. She estimates having lost nearly 50 pounds, dropping from nearly 300 pounds to 240.

Hubbards experience ran counter to the experiences of many adults, who found that their waistlines expanded during the pandemic. Nearly half of U.S. adults put on excess pounds during the first year of the pandemic, making a national obesity crisis worse, a new study found.

Other benefits for Hubbard have included a lower, more stable blood sugar level. Hubbard tracks her exercises through a fitness watch and has noticed how her resting heart rate has dropped to a lower level. Her cholesterol levels have also gone down a few points another good sign because high cholesterol runs in her family history.

Joe Ahlquist / Post Bulletin

Hubbards experience in terms of her motivation for losing weight has found echoes in other dieters. In a weight loss survey of 200,000 consumers on the Mayo Clinic Diet, the official dietary program developed by Mayo Clinic, considerations of health were a key motivator.

About 83% of participants valued health above all other aspirations, which is consistent with global health trends post-COVID. Health surpassed physical appearance as a motivating factor by more than five times. More than 55% of participants had dieted at least six times during their lifetimes, a sign that Americans are seeking sustainable solutions to healthy weight management, the study's author said.

Its rather a unique survey because of its large scale, and that it explores the psychology of a dieters mindset, said Donald Hensrud, medical editor of The Mayo Clinic Diet. We wanted to learn more about the motivations and aspirations around weight loss, and if a stage of readiness or sense of identity played a role in a diet programs results.

Hubbard said Mayo Clinic Diet originated as a book series and now exists on a new online platform that gives you a lot more tools and features five different meal plans. For Hubbard, the Mayo diet differed from others she tried in that it not only gave recommendations but offered rationales behind those recommendations.

I was looking this time for something that would give me that educational piece about nutrition that I felt like I was missing, Hubbard said. I really felt like I wouldnt be able to carry anything forward without having that solid education first.

Joe Ahlquist / Post Bulletin

Hubbard said the Mayo program educated her about portion and serving sizes and the number of calories in each serving. It gave her tools to track her food intake, as well as ways to monitor the pounds and inches lost. Hubbard is on a high protein plan.

Hubbard found the Mayo diet enlightening in terms of what had contributed to her previous weight loss failures. In all her previous efforts, Hubbard recalled experiencing horrible sugar cravings'' that ended up derailing her best intentions. This time, she went through what she called a two-week sugar detox.

It took me a while for me to come off of that. And as soon as I hit those two weeks, my sugar cravings essentially went away, she said. I didnt realize I had such a sugar addiction before this diet until I went through that detox period.

Hubbard said another reason she has been successful over the last several months is the programs flexibility. Instead of imposing a restrictive, all-or-nothing eating regimen, there is room within the programs boundaries to eat the foods she loves within reason.

Joe Ahlquist / Post Bulletin

She can still have a piece of cake at a friends birthday party or eat a square of Dove Chocolate every now and then.

Its flexible enough that you can still enjoy some of the things that you really, really love, Hubbard said. You dont have to just give something up because youre dieting.

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When COVID-19 hit, this Rochester woman decided to go on the 'Mayo Clinic diet' - Rochester Post Bulletin

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Whats the trend? This trend hits close to homemy teenage daughter came home from varsity volleyball practice asking if I could buy her a Celsius energy drink after her interest was piqued from its popularity on TikTok. The Celsius energy drink has become popular in high school, college and among adult athletes, as the company claims that it provides essential energy, accelerates metabolism and helps burn body fat.

The truth behind the trend: Research suggests that energy drinks can be harmfulone 2019 study found that energy drinks can raise blood pressure, and others have linked their consumption to headaches, stomachaches, hyperactivity and insomnia.

Celsius and other energy drinks contain several stimulants, including caffeine and guarana extract. Guarana is a compound with roughly four times more caffeine than coffee beans. Excessive amounts of caffeine can lead to increased anxiety, insomnia, heart problems and an upset stomachand while Celsius Heat has 300 milligrams of caffeine (and the U.S. Food and Drug Administration suggests 400 milligrams is safe to consume), this would almost max you out for caffeine intake for the day. Celsius also contains taurine, which is used to treat high blood pressure and congestive heart failure, however, there is little to no research on the safety of taurine when taken in high doses or for longer periods of time.

Try or skip? Skip this one. There are much better ways to get energy then by adding lots of caffeine and other, non-scientifically sound ingredients to your workout regimen. Water tends to be your best bet when exercising moderately, and if you do need extra electrolytes or fluids, usually if youre exercising over an hour or if the weather is very hot, I recommend coconut water or Gatorade.

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Skip Or Try These 5 Nutrition TikTok Trends, According To A Registered Dietitian - Forbes

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Rebel Wilson has been dropping jaws and inspiring fans with her amazing weight loss over the past couple of years, and now shes done it again with a big announcement. The Senior Year actress celebrated Pride Month with some personal news, as she came out on June 9 by sharing a cute photo to Instagram of her with girlfriend Ramona Agruma.

Ramona Argruma is the owner of Lemon Ve Limon, a sustainable clothing brand based in Los Angeles. Its unknown how long Rebel Wilson and the clothing and jewelry designer have been a couple, but their smiles on the Instagram photo are all we need. Take a look at the surprising and adorable announcement below:

Happy Pride, indeed! The caption on Rebel Wilson's post says she thought she was looking for a Disney prince, when maybe what she needed all this time was a Disney princess. How sweet! She also left heart and rainbow emojis on her post, with the hashtag #loveislove.

TMZ reports Rebel Wilson and Ramona Agruma were spotted together at the Super Bowl in Los Angeles in February. The newly announced couple also went to Cabo in March with a group of friends to celebrate the Pitch Perfect actress' 42nd birthday.

The comedian is known to stay pretty private about her love life. She dated Jacob Busch for a few months in 2020-2021, but People reported they broke up because "he was not the one for her long term." US Weekly reports Rebel Wilson also split from comedian Mickey Gooch Jr. in 2015 after dating for only a few months and also briefly dated stuntman Aden Stay in 2017.

Rebel Wilson has been motivating fans with inspiring stories about her Year of Health, in which she lost over 70 pounds in 2020 to reach her goal weight and maintain it over the next couple of years.

The actress has opened up about her weight loss journey, which started after a doctor offended her during a visit in which she was talking about fertility and family planning. But in her journey to better health, she got pushback from her team, who questioned why she would want to change her life when she'd found so much success as the "funny fat girl." Her most famous role, probably still to date, is "Fat Amy" from the Pitch Perfect movies, but after her incredible weight loss, she's got a new nickname "Fit Amy."

Fans got to see the result of all her hard work last month, when Senior Year was released to Netflix subscribers. It was the actress first movie since appearing in Isnt It Romantic, The Hustle, Jojo Rabbit and Cats, all in 2019.

Hopefully Rebel Wilson will continue to share updates on her new relationship with "Disney princess" Ramona Agruma, because this is a fairy tale fans definitely want to see more of!

Along with Senior Year, see what other movies to stream on Netflix, and be sure to check out our 2022 Movie Release Schedule, if youd like to start planning your next trip to the theater.

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Rebel Wilson Reveals She Has A Girlfriend With Sweet Photo, And Happy Pride - CinemaBlend

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Fasting sends muscle stem cells into a deep resting state that slows muscle repair but also makes them more resistant to stress, according to a study of laboratory mice.

The protective effect can also be achieved by feeding the mice high-fat, low-carbohydrate foodalso known as a ketogenic dietthat mimics how the body responds to fasting, or by giving the animals ketone bodies, the byproducts that occur when the body uses fat as an energy source.

The research explores how the body responds in times of deprivation and plenty and gives clues about the effect of aging on the ability to regenerate and repair damaged tissue. Although the study focused on muscle stem cells, the researchers believe the findings are applicable to other types of tissue throughout the body.

As we age, we experience slower and less complete healing of our tissues, says Thomas Rando, professor of neurology and neurological sciences at Stanford University. We wanted to understand what controls that regenerative ability and how fasting impacts this process. We found that fasting induces resilience in muscle stem cells so that they survive during deprivation and are available to repair muscle when nutrients are again available.

Rando, who recently accepted a position as the director of the Broad Stem Cell Research Center at UCLA, is the senior author of the study in Cell Metabolism. Instructor Daniel Benjamin and graduate student Pieter Both are the lead authors of the study.

Its been well documented that long-term caloric restriction extends the lifespan and promotes the overall health of laboratory animals, but it is difficult for people to maintain a very-low-calorie diet for months or years. Periodic fasting has been explored as another way to obtain the health benefits of caloric restriction, but the effects of intermittent fasting on the body and its ability to regenerate damaged or aging tissues have not been well studied.

Fasting or, alternatively, eating a ketogenic diet high in fat and low in carbohydratesa popular weight-loss techniquecauses the body to enter a state called ketosis, in which fat is the primary energy source. Ketone bodies are the byproducts of fat metabolism.

The researchers found that mice that had fasted between 1 and 2.5 days were less able than non-fasting animals to regenerate new muscle in their hind legs in response to injury. This reduced regenerative capacity persisted for up to three days after the mice began feeding again and returned to a normal body weight; it returned to normal within one week of the end of the fast.

Further research showed that muscle stem cells from fasting animals were smaller and divided more slowly than those from non-fasting animals. But they were also more resilient: They survived better when grown on a lab dish under challenging conditions including nutrient deprivation, exposure to cell-damaging chemicals, and radiation. They also survived transplantation back into animals better than those from non-fasting animals.

Usually, most laboratory-grown muscle stem cells die when transplanted, Rando says. But these cells are in a deep resting state we call ketone-induced deep quiescence that allows them to withstand many kinds of stress.

Muscle stem cells isolated from non-fasting animals and then treated with a ketone body called beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) displayed a similar resilience as did those from fasting animals, the researchers found. Additionally, muscle stem cells isolated from mice fed a ketogenic diet, or a normal diet coupled with injections of ketone bodies, displayed the same characteristics of the deeply quiescent stem cells from fasting animals.

Finally, the researchers isolated muscle stem cells from old mice that had been treated with ketone bodies for one week. Previous research in Randos lab showed that these aged muscle stem cells grew more poorly in the laboratory than muscle stem cells from younger animals. But treatment with the ketone bodies allowed the old muscle stem cells to survive as well as their younger counterparts.

Although more research needs to be done, the results are intriguing, the researchers say.

Cells evolved to exist in times of abundance and in times of deprivation, Rando says. They had to be able to survive when food was not readily available. Ketone bodies arise when the body uses fat for energy, but they also push stem cells into a quiescent state that protects them during deprivation. In this state, they are protected from environmental stress, but they are also less able to regenerate damaged tissue.

Balancing these outcomes might one day help combat normal aging and enhance stem cell function throughout the body, the researchers speculate.

It would be beneficial if the effects of fasting on stem cells could be attained through ketone bodies, supplanting the need to fast or to eat a ketogenic diet, Rando says. Perhaps it may be possible to eat normally and still get this increased resilience.

The National Institutes of Health, the Buck Institute for Research on Aging, and the Department of Veterans Affairs supported the work.

Researchers from UC Berkeley, the Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, and the Mondor Institute for Biomedical Research in France are coauthors of the study.

Source: Stanford University

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HANGZHOU, China and SAN FRANCISCO, June 8, 2022 /PRNewswire/ -- Sciwind Biosciences Co., Ltd., a clinical-stage biopharmaceutical company focusing on discovering and developing innovative therapies to treat metabolic disease, today announced that two abstracts have been accepted for poster presentations at The International Liver CongressTM 2022, the Annual Meeting of the European Association for the Studies of the Liver (EASL) taking place June 22-26 in London, United Kingdom. During the meeting, data from a combination study of Sciwind's long-lasting GLP-1 peptide analog XW003 and GIP peptide analog XW017 in an obese mouse model and preclinical pharmacology data for the oral small molecule GLP-1 receptor agonist XW014 will be featured in two poster presentations.

"We are excited to have an opportunity to present the recent data from our GLP-1 and GIP receptor agonist programs at this prestigious international conference," said Xinle Wu, PhD, Chief Scientific Officer of Sciwind. "We believe that these data lend strong support to Sciwnd's long-term strategy to develop more efficacious, better tolerated and more convenient treatment options for patients living with metabolic disease."

Presentation Details:

Poster Title: Synergistic activity of GLP-1 peptide analog XW003 and the long-lasting GIP receptor agonist XW017 in a diet induced obese mouse modelPublication Number: 1391Session Title: NAFLD: TherapyDate: Saturday June 25 between 9AM 6PM GMTPoster Title: Preclinical pharmacology of low molecular weight GLP-1 receptor agonist XW014Publication Number: 1399Session Title: NAFLD: TherapyDate: Saturday June 25 between 9AM 6PM GMT

About XW003

Injectable GLP-1 analogs are effective tools in managing type 2 diabetes, obesity, and have demonstrated clinical potential as a treatment for NASH. XW003 is a novel, biased long-lasting GLP-1 peptide analog optimized for improved biological activity, cost-effective manufacturing, and once weekly dosing. XW003 has been shown to be safe and well tolerated in Phase 1 clinical study. Phase 2 studies are underway to study XW003 as a potential treatment for type 2 diabetes and obesity.

About XW014

XW014 is a small molecule GLP-1 receptor agonist with the potential to be dosed orally once a day. Compared with GLP-1 peptide analogs, this small molecule agonist is easier to manufacture and formulate for oral dosing. As a small molecule, XW014 has the potential to be co-formulated with other oral drugs of complementary mechanisms to create more effective combination treatments for obesity, type 2 diabetes, and NASH. XW014 is slated to enter clinical trials in Q3 2022.

About XW017

In combination with GLP-1 analogs, injectable GIP receptor agonists have demonstrated improved glycemic control, as well as more profound weight loss, in clinical trials. XW017 is a novel, long-lasting GIP peptide analog optimized for biological activity and in vivo stability. It has the potential to be co-formulated with GLP-1 analogs to generate more effective combination treatments for obesity, type 2 diabetes, and NASH. XW017 is anticipated to enter clinical trials in 1H 2023.

About Sciwind

Sciwind Biosciences is a clinical stage biopharmaceutical company focusing on discovering and developing innovative therapies to treat metabolic disease. Its product pipeline consists of potentially first-in-class and best-in-class drug candidates. Sciwind has developed multiple proprietary technologies, including oral peptide and inhaled protein therapeutic delivery platforms and identified a series of drug candidates based on these core platform technologies. For more information, visit http://www.sciwindbio.com.

View original content:https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/sciwind-biosciences-to-present-data-from-its-glp-1-and-gip-receptor-agonist-programs-at-the-international-liver-congresstm-easl-2022-301562457.html

SOURCE Hangzhou Sciwind Biosciences Co., Ltd.

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Sciwind Biosciences to present Data from its GLP-1 and GIP Receptor Agonist Programs at The International Liver Congress(TM) EASL 2022 - BioSpace

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