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Weight-suppressant drugs have helped millions to lose weight. But once they're stopped, people tend to regain most of what they shed. What does this mean for their long-term health?

As director of the Washington Centre for Weight Management and Research, Domenica Rubino has become frustrated with growing perceptions over the last three years that weight loss drugs such as Novo Nordisk's Ozempic and Wegovy, and Eli Lilly's Mounjaro, are permanent cures for obesity.

"Obesity is not like an infection where you take antibiotics and you're done," says Rubino, sighing. "It's not any different than hypertension or diabetes or the many other chronic illnesses that we deal with, where you have to use chronic medication."

For over the past three years, the arrival of a new class of drugs known as GLP-1 agonists, so-called for their ability to mimic the action of the natural GLP-1 gut hormone that promotes satiety, has transformed the weight-loss field.

Initially, the US Food and Drug Administration approved Wegovy, the brand name for a GLP-1-based medicine called semaglutide, for chronic weight management in June 2021. The insatiable demand saw Mounjaro or tirzepatide arrive at the end of 2023 and now a newer, reportedly more effective drug called retatrutide is in the pipeline.

There is no question that GLP-1 drugs are effective at helping people lose weight. A landmark clinical trial of semaglutide, published in 2021, found that participants experienced an average of 15% weight loss over the course of 68 weeks while those on placebo lost 2%. Some of those taking the drug, however, shed as much as 20% of their starting weight. The purported health benefits now appear to be even more far-reaching, with the latest data from a trial called Select, published in 2023, showing that semaglutide can slash the risk of heart attacks and strokes by a fifth in patients with an existing history of cardiovascular disease.

But given their high prices a month's supply of Wegovy costs $1,350 (1,062) and onerous side effects which can include nausea, stomach pain and heartburn , the question has always been, what happens when people stop taking them?

Various studies have attempted to examine this particular question, and all seem to point to the same answer the pounds swiftly pile back on. In one trial, around 800 people received weekly semaglutide injections accompanied by dietary adjustments, a prescribed exercise regime and psychological counselling, all of which helped them to lose nearly 11% of their starting weight over four months. But when a third of the participants were subsequently switched to a placebo injection for another year, they regained 7% of the lost weight.

The same trend was seen after the 2021 trial, known as Step 1. After 68 weeks of semaglutide injections, the average patient lost more than 15% of their body weight, but within 12 months of treatment ending, patients regained two thirds of their prior weight loss on average. This was associated with a similar level of reversion to the patients' original baselines in some markers of their cardiometabolic health a category which includes conditions such as diabetes and heart attacks.

Both Rubino and other experts around the world have seen similar patterns when administering GLP-1 drugs in their clinics. "There will be a small proportion of people, 10% maximum, that are able to maintain [all] the weight they've lost," says Alex Miras, a clinical professor of medicine at Ulster University.

The trajectory of weight regain is typically faster than the time it takes people to lose the weight in the first place, according to Miras. "People put most of it back on in the first three to six months," he says.

Miras and others are keen to emphasise that this could have been expected. For all chronic illnesses, from rheumatoid arthritis to asthma to high blood pressure, patients usually relapse as soon as their treatment stops. But understanding why this happens with semaglutide, tirzepatide and other GLP-1 drugs could be crucial to understanding their longer-term health consequences and how best to prescribe them in future.

The main theory for why the majority of patients regain weight so rapidly when they stop taking medication is because the regions of the brain relating to appetite are still dysregulated, priming the person to overconsume. GLP-1 drugs only mask this dysregulation, and when their effect is removed, their food cravings soon return.

"People don't always appreciate this," says Rubino. "I try to explain that these are chronic medications, but I think everybody secretly feels, 'Yeah, but you know what, I'm different, and once I hit my weight goal, I'll be ok.' But the reality is, the brain is quite powerful."

But this may not be the only explanation. Martin Whyte, an associate professor of metabolic medicine at the University of Surrey, explains one possible theory as to why people tend to regain weight after they stop these medications. The doses of GLP-1 provided by semaglutide and tirzepatide are far greater than the body would naturally expect to receive, he says, which may suppress the body's ability to secrete GLP-1 on its own. As a result, people's hunger may return even more voraciously when they cease their doses, he explains.

"What may be happening, and we don't know for sure, is that when you stop them, your body's left in a GLP-1 deficit which has a major impact on the satiety signal going to the brain," says Whyte.

The potential physiological consequences of this weight regain is currently one of the biggest health concerns for practitioners in the field. In one trial, those switched to placebo injections not only began to reaccumulate body fat, but their waist circumference

also began to revert back to its original size. Excess fat in this area is linked to numerous problems ranging from heart disease to insulin resistance and fatty liver disease.

Miras says that many people who regain weight after medication or dieting experience a change in their body composition which could potentially be even worse for their long-term health than if they had simply maintained their existing weight.

"Weight regain is usually accompanied by accumulation of fat and less muscle," says Miras. "So you end up going back to a higher fat mass and a lower muscle mass. That's not good from a metabolic perspective because having more muscle is good for reducing risk of diabetes and heart disease," he says.

However, there is not yet any direct evidence that someone's body composition would be worse after stopping weight-loss drugs than before they started.

But while these are the general trends, responses to GLP-1 drugs can vary considerably on an individual level. To begin with, not everyone benefits from the medications. The groundbreaking 2021 clinical trial of semaglutide still found that almost 14% of participants failed to even lose 5% of their body weight, even after taking the drug for more than one year.

While trials suggest the weight loss achieved while taking semaglutide can be maintained while still taking the drugs, we also know that some people start to regain some weight, even before they stop. Miras points to data from people taking an earlier GLP-1 formulation known as Saxenda or liraglutide. "At one year, weight loss is about 8%, but by three years, it's gone down to 6%," he says. "So that seems to happen, and we see it with bariatric [obesity-management] surgery too."

Rubino says that some people can regain weight after quitting semaglutide, but still retain some of the metabolic health benefits achieved while taking the drug, such as improved blood sugar control. Often that improved blood sugar control will persist for a while ( up to three years according to one study), and there could be many reasons for that, says Rubino.

"That person may be able to be more active after losing the weight, perhaps they're sleeping better and having fewer sleep apnea events (which have been linked as a risk factor for type two diabetes). All of these factors can dynamically affect someone's metabolic complications," she says.

Some of this variation could also be because there are different subtypes of obesity. Until relatively recently, scientists viewed obesity as a single disease, but now experts around the world have begun to realise that it is far more complex.

And there may also be other lasting beneficial effects. One study of women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and obesity treated them with semaglutide injections for 16 weeks, in addition to the diabetes drug Metformin. Over the course of treatment, the study participants lost weight, their cardiometabolic parameters improved and their free testosterone levels which tend to be elevated in women with PCOS decreased. Two years after they stopped taking semaglutide, their weight and free testosterone levels remained significantly lower. However, the participants' cardiometabolic markers had returned to the levels they were at when the study began.

However, the popularity of GLP-1 drugs has presented a unique opportunity. According to data released by Novo Nordisk earlier this year, 25,000 Americans are signing up for Wegovy each week. With such a large sample size, scientists may be able to learn more about the different types of obesity, through the prism of how people respond to the medicines both while taking them, and after their treatment ends.

Novo Nordisk, the manufacturer of Ozempic and Wegovy, provided the following statement to the BBC.

"There is no evidence to indicate that patients will completely regain all the weight after stopping the medication. Novo Nordisk reported the results from the STEP 1 extension trial on the impact of treatment withdrawal, which found that one year after withdrawal of once-weekly subcutaneous semaglutide 2.4 mg and lifestyle intervention, participants regained two-thirds of their prior weight loss. These findings also confirm the chronicity of obesity and suggest ongoing treatment is required to maintain improvements in weight and health."

A new European consortium known as Sophia (Stratification of Obese Phenotypes to Optimize Future Obesity Therapy), led by scientists at University College Dublin, is now attempting to investigate this in more detail. "We want to try and get different predictors whether it's blood tests or psychological tests which can help us understand how a patient is likely to fare with each of these drugs," says Miras. "At the moment, I give them a drug for three months and if they lose weight, it means I was lucky. We're completely shooting in the dark."

Miras predicts a future where such information will be used to identify the most suitable weight loss drug for a particular patient, the likelihood that they will become resistant to it over time, and different combinations of drugs which could be used to keep their weight under control.

One thing seems certain though, many people with obesity will ultimately have to remain on medication permanently to avoid relapses, says Whyte. According to Rubino, clinical trials are now being planned to assess whether higher doses of GLP-1 drugs can be used in the acute phase to help patients lose weight, followed by lower "maintenance" doses, which come with fewer side effects and can be prescribed on a long-term basis.

While concerns have been raised at the sheer cost of medicating obesity to the healthcare system the National Health Service (NHS) in the UK currently only covers Wegovy for a two-year period the coming wave of lower-cost generic alternatives could make this more viable.

Novo Nordisk's patent for Saxenda expires later this year , and rivals Teva, Pfizer and Mylan are all expected to launch generic versions of liraglutide later in 2024. Generic alternatives to Ozempic are expected to become available within the next decade.

"While liraglutide isn't nearly as efficacious as semaglutide, the costs will likely come down as patents expire," says Whyte. "So people might soon start thinking about that as a longer term option, and as the overall costs of GLP-1 drugs come down, they will become easier to prescribe as chronic medications," he says.

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So, you want to lose weight? Easy, says one diet go on a

There are infinite weight loss diets out there. Just type in #weightloss on any social media platform and youll be met with everything from intermittent fasting diets, juice cleanses and detox teas to plant-based diets and anti-inflammatory diets.

You can pay, quite literally, thousands of pounds to attend luxury weight loss retreats in far-flung corners of the world featuring super-healthy menus overseen by in-house nutritionists, 24-hour broth fasts and fat-cell-freezing CoolSculpting treatments. But one of the oldest arguably, most restrictive (and unsustainable) diets out there? The Cambridge Diet.

Not entirely sure what it is? This is what our expert nutritionists think of this meal-replacement programme...

Visit our weight loss diets reviewed and debunked by experts page for more expert advice on weight loss, or read more about how many calories you should eat per day to hit your healthy weight goals and how this weight loss calculator can help to count your macros.

The Cambridge diet which has been rebranded as the 1:1 diet remains one of the most restrictive diets out there, says Hannah Alderson, registered nutritionist and hormone specialist.

Launched in the mid-80s in the UK a catalyst era for the diet culture that followed into the 90s/00s it gets its followers onto a very very low daily calorie intake primarily made up of ultra-processed shakes, soups, bars and meals, she explains.

Think: specifically designed cookies and cream bars, golden syrup flavour porridge, chicken flavour noodle soup (you just add water to a pre-made packet), cherry and strawberry flavour smoothies.

Simply put, its a very low-calorie meal replacement plan, designed for significant calorie reduction and rapid slimming, adds registered dietitian and BetterMe contributor, Amanda Pasko.

The Cambridge Diet was named after the University of Cambridge, where it was developed by Dr Alan Howard, who began exploring the concept of very-low-calorie diets for morbidly obese patients, she explains.

The popularity of this diet tends to be cyclical; many people turn to it in the spring and early summer when they want to quickly get in shape for the warm season.

The core concept of the diet is to replace most or all of a person's daily food intake with 35 specially formulated meal replacement products, such as shakes, soups, bars, and porridge, explains Pasko. All of which are approximately 200 calories or under.

These products are designed to be low in calories, thus creating a significant calorie deficit, but still high in essential nutrients. On the Cambridge Diet, the body doesn't get enough calories to meet its energy needs, so it starts burning fat stores to keep functioning and induces a state of "ketosis," or the use of fat, rather than glucose, for energy.

Alderson describes this extreme energy deficit as a type of starvation tactic for the body. Your weight will drop but so will your basal metabolic rate, she says, and the understanding of how to navigate real life and real food when the diet is over. Hence why there can often be weight gain after the restriction has come to an end.

The Cambridge Diet is generally split into short stages, each lasting roughly two weeks, Pasko continues. It tends to begin with the most extreme calorie deficit and gradually increases in calorie content before concluding with a lower-calorie but less extreme maintenance plan with optional use of the Cambridge Diets meal replacement products.

I can not tell you how many clients have walked into my clinic having been let down by this diet, says Alderson. As a nutritionist and hormone specialist, there is not one instance where I would recommend this diet to anyone its one thing to drop your calories this low, but quite another to do it via pro-inflammatory ultra-processed food, for example birthday cake and cookie and cream bars. Its not made up of real food and the sole focus is on calories alone.

Alderson describes the Cambridge diet as a short term solution, not a long term one to weight loss, adding that it's outdated with no real interest in your hormone health or nervous system, which is paramount to long term fat loss success.

Victoria Repa, a certified Health Coach, CEO, and founder of the health & wellness platform BetterMe, agrees. Everyone has unique dietary needs influenced by genetics, metabolism, and lifestyle. A one-size-fits-all approach, like the Cambridge diet, may not address these individual differences, potentially leading to adverse health outcomes.

Well, theres a long list. The Cambridge diet does not teach any of the participants how to put food together themselves, or how to cook from scratch, it forgets the fundamentals of the endocrine and nervous system, the nutritional quality of food and the individual nutritional status of each client, insulin sensitivity, circadian rhythm, gut ecology and most worryingly of all it is being pushed out local consultants who have no nutritional qualifications, says Alderson.

Such low-calorie diets can have side effects, including fatigue, dizziness, hair loss, and muscle loss due to inadequate nutrition, adds Repa. Since the diet restricts caloric intake to a range well below the average requirement for a healthy adult, it can be difficult to sustain, leading to a yo-yo effect, where a previously suppressed basal metabolism leads to rapid weight regain once normal eating patterns resume.

Repa also points out that the Cambridge diet's rapid weight loss can create unrealistic expectations, causing frustration and disappointment when the weight returns. These diets can undermine long-term health and well-being without a sustainable approach to lifestyle and dietary habits.

Will you lose weight on a scale fast? Yes, BUT most of it will be water and lean muscle, says Alderson.

Will you keep the weight off once you return to eating actual food? No. Will you learn how to create a positive relationship with real food and understand a framework of how to eat for the rest of your life in the real world? No. Could you keep this way of eating up? Honest truth is probably not.

The Cambridge diet and any type of crash diet like this does not work as a long-term fat loss solution its not a sustainable eating pattern. Long-lasting change requires you to go beyond just food. The human body isn't designed to lose weight, it's designed to survive. Throughout human history, starvation has been its greatest threat. This is why dieting doesn't work in the long run. Your body will eventually outsmart calorie restriction in order to make sure it doesn't starve, she continues.

The bottom line: Given the extreme calorie deficit of the Cambridge diet, you are pretty likely to see quite quick weight loss if you try this diet. However, its not a sustainable or healthy approach.

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Panera Bread is pretty much everyone's best friend. Hence, when dieting, you'd never want to stop visiting. The good news is, you don't have to! There are a ton of amazing menu options at Panera for those who are looking to watch their calories and waistlines and slim down. In fact, we chatted with a registered dietitian who shares the best Panera soup and salad combo for weight loss.

The key to successful, long-term dieting is to make lifestyle changes that work best for you and not deprive yourself of fun foods. Panera Bread has many locations, making it very convenient for a pit stop, and their meals are seamless to order and enjoy. Panera is also an excellent spot to meet up with a friend. So let's get to the menu and learn about some great soups and salads to add to your meal rotation while dieting.

"When it comes to Panera, there are so many great and yummy options to choose from," says Lena Bakovic, MS, RDN, CNSC, from Top Nutrition Coaching. "Panera has a good selection of salads and soups which are nutrient dense and contain protein and fiber, both nutrients which are helpful with fullness/satiety, and work to prevent over-eating throughout the day and into the evening." 6254a4d1642c605c54bf1cab17d50f1e

Bakovic shares her top salad and soup options to order at Panera: the Fuji Apple Salad with Chicken and Turkey Chili. She explains both are excellent choices for those who want to slim down or manage their weight because they're chock-full of nutrients.

The 15 Healthiest Menu Items at Panera

"[These meals] are high in vitamin and mineral content, and they also contain good amounts of protein and fiber, which help to keep us feeling full for longer and prevent over-eating," Bakovic explains.

Panera's Fuji Apple Chicken Salad will cost you 550 calories while providing a whopping 30 grams of protein and five grams of fiber. On the other hand, the Turkey Chili is filled to the brim with veggies such as kidney beans, chickpeas, tomatoes, carrots, and edamame. It also packs a mean protein punch of about 21 grams with its blend of dark-meat turkey (raised without antibiotics) and will only set you back around 300 calories.

The Best Panera Lunch Order for Weight Loss

It's very easy to track your calories at Panera, as everything is right at your fingertips. Whether you want to review the nutrition facts and calorie counts in advance before heading to Panera or decide what you're in the mood for when you arrive, the process is seamless.

The Best Wendy's Order for Weight Loss

The challenging part of visiting Panera is avoiding the decadent pastries and desserts. However, Bakovic stresses mindfulness of ingredients in whatever you order.

"There are several items on Panera's menu that are high in fat, and specifically saturated fat content," says Bakovic. "Saturated fat can raise 'lousy,' or LDL cholesterol, levels and is not an ideal choice within the context of heart health. Likewise, because fat is calorically-dense, the higher fat menu items are also high in calories, which can make it more challenging for an individual seeking a healthy caloric deficit to achieve weight loss in a sustainable way."

The Best Dunkin' Order for Weight Loss

Another tip from Bakovic? Always ask for your dressing on the side. This is a great habit to use regularly wherever you dine.

"[This can] help decrease the fat and sugar content of a salad," Bakovic says. "That way, you can be in control of how much dressing you are adding to your salads."

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What Is It?

Intuitive eating (IE) is not so much a diet plan as an approach to eating based on ones internal needs, whether physical, emotional, or other influencers. When these needs are recognized, they may determine ones food choices. Because the method is based on an individuals needs at one moment in time, it does not focus on specific foods, a calorie level to reach, or even eating at certain times. It has been used as an approach to lose weight as well as a treatment strategy for those with disordered eating patterns. The term intuitive eating was introduced in 1995 as the title of a book authored by registered dietitians Evelyn Tribole and Elyse Resch. However, the concept of eating from an emotional response was described by researchers prior to that date. [1]

IE is the antithesis of restrained eating that demands rigid control. Many commercial diets follow a restrained eating model, with meal plans that include specific foods and/or measured portions. In contrast, IE focuses on body cues such as hunger and fullness, which may be physical hunger and fullness from an empty or filled stomach, or cues caused by emotional or external triggers. IE is flexible, with no restrictions on types of foods to eat, amounts, or specific mealtimes.

IE is sometimes described as this basic concept: learning to eat when hungry and stopping when full. Yet, in our society physical hunger is not the only reason we eat. Our appetites and cravings are continuously stimulated by visual cues (cooking shows, food advertisements), emotional cues (feeling sad, lonely, stressed, bored), olfactory cues (smelling freshly baked bread), or social cues (Sunday family dinners, sharing a restaurant meal with friends). IE seeks to identify the specific cause of the hunger, and to respond with awareness and intention. Eating in response to triggers other than from physiological cues may cause a feeling of lack of self-control, guilt, or self-condemnation. Practicing IE concepts may help to prevent these negative feelings. Intuitive eating encourages self-care and a positive body image.

Weight loss is not a focus of IE. However, eating excess calories can occur from emotional cues, so if one learns to respond appropriately to emotional eating cues, weight loss may follow naturally.

Including these considerations when eating can help to increase appreciation, enjoyment, and understanding of the food.

Intuitive eating often integrates concepts of mindful eating but also considers eating specifically in response to hunger and satiety cues, nurturing a positive body image, addressing non-physiological reasons for hunger, and physical activity. It usually does not involve meditation nor gratitude.

There is a growing body of research on IE. Small, short-term controlled trials or cross-sectional studies using IE concepts have consistently shown benefits for psychological wellbeing (e.g., reduced depression and anxiety; increased body satisfaction, self-acceptance, and quality of life). [3,4] IE interventions have also shown a decrease in certain behaviors such as binge eating and restrained eating/dieting. A limited number of studies have shown improvements in blood pressure and cholesterol. [5] Randomized trials show conflicting results of IE interventions and weight loss or decreased body mass index; some show no weight changes while others show modest weight reductions.

Intuitive eating is an alternative approach that was developed in response to the negative mental and physical health effects caused by traditional diets for weight loss, which involve the deliberate long-term restriction of food. IE allows internal cues to guide ones eating choices and patterns rather than a meal plan or designated rules.

Research has shown that IE can lead to greater psychological wellbeing, increased pleasure when eating, and body satisfaction. However research also shows that permission to eat all foods with no food rules can sometimes lead to unhealthful food choices with more high-calorie palatable foods. Therefore a certain level of restraint and nutrition knowledge may be beneficial when starting an IE plan (if the desired result is to improve overall health and wellness). Still, in the long run, continued dietary restraint increases the risk of ignoring natural physiological signals to eat. Therefore a combination of IE practices with basic nutrition knowledge may lead to more positive outcomes than either approach alone.

It may also be beneficial to use IE strategies to heighten ones awareness of internal cues of not just feeling full versus hungry but to also note how the body feels after eating healthful foods of fruits and vegetables versus highly processed high-calorie snack foods, which may lead to eating patterns that promote wellbeing. [3]

Last reviewed November 2023

The contents of this website are for educational purposes and are not intended to offer personal medical advice. You should seek the advice of your physician or other qualified health provider with any questions you may have regarding a medical condition. Never disregard professional medical advice or delay in seeking it because of something you have read on this website. The Nutrition Source does not recommend or endorse any products.

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Researchers say they have found a new "Trojan horse" therapy for obesity that could lead to greater weight loss than that offered by medications currently on the market.

Ozempic 2.0?

Researchers say they have found a novel use for GLP-1 the hormone the body naturally produces after eating. Medications like Ozempic mimic GLP-1 to make people feel full, reducing their cravings.

This new therapy has GLP-1 acting like a Trojan horse that smuggles special molecules directly to the brains appetite-control center.

In a study testing a single drug delivering both the hormone and the molecules, mice who took it lost more weight than those taking existing medications.

The effect of GLP-1 combined with these molecules is very strong. In some cases, the mice lose twice as much weight as mice treated with GLP-1 only, explained senior study author Christoffer Clemmensen, an associate professor at the Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research at the University of Copenhagen in Denmark. Novo Nordisk makesOzempicand Wegovy.

People tend to shed 15% to 20% of their weight on Ozempic or similar drugs, although about of users lose only about 10%, according to Columbia Universitys Department of Surgery.

Clemmensen said the new therapy could pave the way for patients to achieve the same effect with a lower dosage. Plus, it could be an alternative for people who do not respond well to these drugs.

Common side effects include nausea, diarrhea, stomach pain, vomiting and constipation.

Our studies in mice show side effects similar to those experienced by patients treated with the weight loss drugs available on the market today, including nausea, Clemmensen said.

But because the drug is so effective, we may be able to lower the dosage and thus mitigate some of the side effects in the future though we still dont know how humans respond to the drug, he added.

The drug still has to undergo three phases of clinical trials on human participants. Clemmensen said it may take eight years for it to be available to the public.

Clemmensens findings were published last week in the journal Nature.

I consider the drugs available on the market today as the first generation of weight-loss drugs, Clemmensen said. Now we have developed a new type of weight-loss drug that affects the plasticity of the brain and appears to be highly effective.

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Better than Ozempic? 'Very strong' new weight loss drug is 'so effective' - AOL

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There is some evidence that a low-carbohydrate diet may help people lose weight more quickly than a low-fat diet (31,32)and may help them maintain that weight loss.

The low-carb diet was most beneficial for lowering triglycerides, the main fat-carrying particle in the bloodstream, and also delivered the biggest boost in protective HDL cholesterol.

If interested in trying a lower-carbohydrate diet, try to include some fruits, vegetables, and whole grains for essential vitamins, minerals, and phytonutrients. (1) Learn more about healthy diets for weight loss.

Research shows that a moderately low-carbohydrate diet can help the heart, as long as protein and fat selections come from healthy sources.

1. Mozaffarian D, Hao T, Rimm EB, Willett WC, Hu FB. Changes in diet and lifestyle and long-term weight gain in women and men.N Engl J Med. 2011;364:2392-404.

4. Halton TL, Willett WC, Liu S, et al. Low-carbohydrate-diet score and the risk of coronary heart disease in women.N Engl J Med. 2006;355:1991-2002.

31. Foster GD, Wyatt HR, Hill JO, et al. A randomized trial of a low-carbohydrate diet for obesity.N Engl J Med. 2003;348:2082-90.

32. Samaha FF, Iqbal N, Seshadri P, et al. A low-carbohydrate as compared with a low-fat diet in severe obesity.N Engl J Med. 2003;348:2074-81.

33. Sacks FM, Bray GA, Carey VJ, et al. Comparison of weight-loss diets with different compositions of fat, protein, and carbohydrates.N Engl J Med. 2009;360:859-73.

34. Halton TL, Liu S, Manson JE, Hu FB. Low-carbohydrate-diet score and risk of type 2 diabetes in women.Am J Clin Nutr. 2008;87:339-46.

35. Appel LJ, Sacks FM, Carey VJ, et al. Effects of protein, monounsaturated fat, and carbohydrate intake on blood pressure and serum lipids: results of the OmniHeart randomized trial.JAMA. 2005;294:2455-64.

36. Jenkins DJ, Wong JM, Kendall CW, et al. The effect of a plant-based low-carbohydrate (Eco-Atkins) diet on body weight and blood lipid concentrations in hyperlipidemic subjects.Arch Intern Med. 2009;169:1046-54.

The contents of this website are for educational purposes and are not intended to offer personal medical advice. You should seek the advice of your physician or other qualified health provider with any questions you may have regarding a medical condition. Never disregard professional medical advice or delay in seeking it because of something you have read on this website. The Nutrition Source does not recommend or endorse any products.

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Did you know that there was a time when your favorite podcaster, aka Joe Rogan, competed? Well, the firebrand podcaster might be a comedian and podcaster, but he started this journey back in the 90s after leaving his professional fighting career. Joe Rogan was a Taekwondo and kickboxing professional who participated in multiple Taekwondo state championships. There was a time when he was a full-contact 4-time Taekwondo state champion while also winning the US Open Taekwondo Tournament as a lightweight.

However, things changed when Rogan started experiencing frequent injuries and continuous headaches at the age of 21. For the sake of his well-being, the famed commentator decided to leave the world of martial arts. Nevertheless, while he might have left martial arts, martial arts never left him. To this day, Rogan continues to practice, and even after leaving competitive fighting, he attained a black belt in BJJ in 2012.

The multi-million dollar podcaster recently uploaded a video on his Instagram stories. What is he doing in the video, you ask? Well, he is demonstrating why he is considered dangerous. In the video, Rogan could be seen showcasing his Taekwondo and kickboxing skills on a boxing bag. As the video progressed, people witnessed Rogans powerful kick, which had the strength to break ribcages.

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LAS VEGAS, NEVADA JULY 08: Joe Rogan announces the fight during the UFC 290 event at T-Mobile Arena on July 08, 2023 in Las Vegas, Nevada. (Photo by Chris Unger/Zuffa LLC via Getty Images)

Fans quickly took to social media to express their admiration and amazement. Comments on Reddit ranged from praising his technique and strength to joking about how Rogan looked. Lets look at what the fans are thinking about Rogans explosive kicks.

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Well, this is not the first time that Joe Rogan has been praised for his explosive kicks. There was once a time when he threw kicks that sounded like gunshots. Does he have a patent for those kicks though? a fan wrote. The podcaster is quite muscular. However, the community jokes that he looks overweight most of the time. Well, maybe its because of his supplement overdose, but who knows? All the dudes calling Rogan fat sure are quiet right now. Quick, better call him short.

Just as we had the conversation about supplements, a fan seems to have struck the nerve. Rogan has been accused of overdosing with HGH, which is fairly dangerous for the human body and his overgrown belly might be the indication of it, but according to Rogan, the amount of dosage is normal for him. Its the HGH pot belly that cant be denied, wrote a social media user.

In fighting lot of movements deplete your stamina, which in turn slows you down. This is the reason why many fighters do intense cardio to maintain a high level of stamina. A fan adequately pointed out that fighting Joe Rogan might prove tough, but once his stamina depletes its over for him, His technique is good, but thats a lot of body to have to move. In other words, if you end up fighting JR you exploit his stamina and range of motion.

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Furthermore, a fan seems to have some high expectations from Rogan, Dude. The guy is a tank. Hed blast Jake Paul out of existence. Rip anyone else, including Michael Jai, that opposes this man in a MMA or kickboxing match. Last but not least, a fan asserted that Joe Rogans skin looks rock hard in that video: He looks like if the thing didnt have rock skin.

Even at the age of 56, Joe Rogan has the agility and power of a 30-year-old man. Nonetheless, what are your thoughts on his kick? State your opinion in the comments below.

Original post:
It's the HGH Pot Belly Joe Rogan Reveals Tank Physique While Throwing Thunderous Kicks Leaving Fans ... - EssentiallySports

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Finding yourself confused by the seemingly endless promotion of weight-loss strategies and diet plans? In this series, we take a look at some popular dietsand review the research behind them.

Chances are you have heard of the Mediterranean diet. If you have a chronic condition like heart disease or high blood pressure, your doctor may even have prescribed it to you. It is often promoted to decrease the risk of heart disease, depression, and dementia.

The traditional diets of countries bordering the Mediterranean Sea differ slightly so there are different versions of the Mediterranean diet. However, in 1993 the Harvard School of Public Health, Oldways Preservation and Exchange Trust, and the European Office of the World Health Organization introduced the Mediterranean Diet Pyramid as a guide to help familiarize people with the most common foods of the region. More of an eating pattern than a strictly regimented diet plan, the pyramid emphasized certain foods based on the dietary traditions of Crete, Greece, and southern Italy during the mid-20th century. [1,2] At that time, these countries displayed low rates of chronic disease and higher than average adult life expectancy despite having limited access to healthcare. It was believed that the dietmainly fruits and vegetables, beans, nuts, whole grains, sh, olive oil, small amounts of dairy, and red winecontributed to their health benefits. The pyramid also highlighted daily exercise and the beneficial social aspects of eating meals together.

The Mediterranean diet is a primarily plant-based eating plan that includes daily intake of whole grains, olive oil, fruits, vegetables, beans and other legumes, nuts, herbs, and spices. Other foods like animal proteins are eaten in smaller quantities, with the preferred animal protein being fish and seafood. Although the pyramid shape suggests the proportion of foods to eat (e.g., eat more fruits and vegetables and less dairy foods), it does not specify portion sizes or specific amounts. It is up to the individual to decide exactly how much food to eat at each meal, as this will vary by physical activity and body size. There are additional points that make this eating plan unique:

This sample meal plan is roughly 2000 calories, the recommended intake for an average person. If you have higher calorie needs, you may add an additional snack or two; if you have lower calorie needs, you may remove a snack. If you have more specific nutritional needs or would like assistance in creating additional meal plans, consult with a registered dietitian.

Breakfast: 1 cup cooked steel-cut oats mixed with 2 tablespoons chopped walnuts, cup fresh or frozen blueberries, sprinkle of cinnamon

Snack: cup nuts, any type

Lunch:

Snack: 1 medium orange

Dinner:

Snack: 1 ounce 75% dark chocolate

Research has consistently shown that the Mediterranean diet is effective in reducing the risk of cardiovascular diseases and overall mortality. [3, 4] A study of nearly 26,000 women found that those who followed this type of diet had 25% less risk of developing cardiovascular disease over the course of 12 years. [5]The study examined a range of underlying mechanisms that might account for this reduction, and found that changes in inflammation, blood sugar, and body mass index were the biggest drivers. Similar benefits were found in a meta-analysis of 16 prospective cohort studies following more than 22,000 women for a median of 12.5 years. [6] Those who had the highest adherence to a Mediterranean diet showed a 24% lower risk of cardiovascular disease and 23% lower risk of premature death compared with those who had the lowest adherence.

One interesting finding of this eating plan is that it dispels the myth that people with or at risk for heart disease must eat a low fat diet. Although it does matter which types of fats are chosen, the percentage of calories from fat is less of an issue. The PREDIMED study, a primary prevention trial including thousands of people with diabetes or other risk factors for heart disease found that a Mediterranean diet supplemented with extra virgin olive oil or nuts and without any fat and calorie restrictions reduced the rates of death from stroke by roughly 30%. [7] Most dietary fats were healthy fats, such as those from fatty fish, olive oil, and nuts, but total fat intake was generous at 39-42% of total daily calories, much higher than the 20-35% fat guideline as stated by the Institute of Medicine. [8] Risk of type 2 diabetes was also reduced in the PREDIMED trial. [9]

There has also been increased interest in the diets effects on aging and cognitive function. [10-12] Cell damage through stress and inflammation that can lead to age-related diseases has been linked to a specific part of DNA called telomeres. These structures naturally shorten with age, and their length size can predict life expectancy and the risk of developing age-related diseases. Telomeres with long lengths are considered protective against chronic diseases and earlier death, whereas short lengths increase risk. Antioxidants can help combat cell stress and preserve telomere length, such as by eating foods that contain antioxidants nutrients like fruits, vegetables, nuts, and whole grains. These foods are found in healthy eating patterns like the Mediterranean diet. [13] This was demonstrated in a large cohort of 4676 healthy middle-aged women from the Nurses Health Study where participants who more closely followed the Mediterranean diet were found to have longer telomere length. [13]

Another Nurses Health Study following 10,670 women ages 57-61 observed the effect of dietary patterns on aging. [14] Healthy aging was defined as living to 70 years or more, and having no chronic diseases (e.g., type 2 diabetes, kidney disease, lung disease, Parkinsons disease, cancer) or major declines in mental health, cognition, and physical function. The study found that the women who followed a Mediterranean-type eating pattern were 46% more likely to age healthfully. Increased intake of plant foods, whole grains, and fish; moderate alcohol intake; and low intake of red and processed meats were believed to contribute to this finding.

Research supports the use of the Mediterranean diet as a healthy eating pattern for the prevention of cardiovascular diseases, increasing lifespan, and healthy aging. When used in conjunction with caloric restriction, the diet may also support healthy weight loss.

Last reviewed April 2023

The contents of this website are for educational purposes and are not intended to offer personal medical advice. You should seek the advice of your physician or other qualified health provider with any questions you may have regarding a medical condition. Never disregard professional medical advice or delay in seeking it because of something you have read on this website. The Nutrition Source does not recommend or endorse any products.

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Diet Review: Mediterranean Diet The Nutrition Source - Harvard University

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This weight loss hack is all smoke and mirrors.

People looking to shed pounds fast have turned to a cheap new craze that doctors are sounding the alarm against. Called gas station Ozempic, influencers are now using ZYN nicotine pouches to help suppress their appetites and lose weight, saying the inexpensive buy which runs about $5 at a convenience store is a far better deal than popular semaglutide weight loss drugs, which can cost thousands of dollars.

But the habit, experts say, is a terrible idea.

There are the dangers of becoming addicted to nicotine and the potential associated long-term toxicity. There are no studies in this area but I think likely the dangers outweigh the benefit, Dr. Anthony Pick,an endocrinologist at Northwestern Medicine Lake Forest Hospital, told The Post.

Regardless of the health risks, ZYN, a nicotine pouch designed to help people quit smoking, is being touted as a fast and easy way to shed unwanted pounds.

This has even led some to nickname the pouches O-Zyn-pic, according to Snaxshot, who rounded up social media comments from people who lost weight with the pouches.

Yeah Im addicted. Like the other thing they dont tell you is youll lose so much weight just replacing Zyn with any hunger, said one social media user, @thiccyfowler, in a video which has over 67,000 likes to date.

The social media golfer enthusiast added: #golf tip I wish I knew earlier develop a crippling Zyn addiction, lose 30lbs in a month, swing faster now that your fat gut isnt holding you back. Zyn took me from 7hdcp to a 5hdcp in three weeks. Absolute mind bending results. (Hdcp refers to a golf handicap, which is a rating for the difficulty of each hole. One is the hardest and 18 is the easiest.)

In a statement provided to The Post, ZYN noted that their product is designed and marketed for existing adult smokers and nicotine users age 21 and older as a better alternative to continued smoking. The statement also noted that ZYN has been sold in the US for about a decade now.

Pick said nicotine may suppress appetite, but warned that taking nicotine for weight loss isnt recommended.

It is well-known that nicotine can suppress appetite and has other potential metabolic effects, he explained.

However, using a highly addictive substance for this purpose, with no clinical safety or efficacy studies is likely a very bad idea. The major role for non-tobacco nicotine products is to be able to move patients addicted to cigarettes to arguably a safer alternative. Avoidance of nicotine in any form is ideal, he added.

The American Heart Association has also warned against the dangers of nicotine, noting that the substance can cause increases in blood pressure, heart rate, flow of blood to the heart and narrowing of arteries. On top of that, nicotine can contribute to a potential heart attack by hardening artery walls.

Pick mentioned there have been preclinical studies on mice treated with nicotine and GLP-1 drugs like Ozempic, which found the combo was synergistic and may increase metabolic rate and thereby reverse obesity.

This is part of the holy grail of weight management and may be part of the appeal of nicotine, Pick explained.Despite acknowledging the potential for weight loss, Pick says that doesnt mean people should pick up the habit.

Not only is using ZYN patches for weight loss potentially dangerous, people could regain their weight once they stop taking them.

Weight gain occurs with quitting cigarette use, so it is another argument to avoid smoking and otherforms of nicotine, Pick said, adding that quitting is often extremely challenging as nicotine is well-known to be one of the most addictive substances around.

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All studies and clinical experience have shown there is a trend to weight regain off pharmacotherapy [or using drugs to treat weight loss], and post weight loss surgery, he also shared.

Pick said that the main goal of weight loss therapy is improved health outcomes and numbers on a scale.

Pick emphasized that people who want to lose weight without drug interventions will need to sustain a negative calorie balance meaning theyre eating less and moving more plus prioritize sleep, reduce stress and may need to use behavioral change tools (like tracking their meals).

Studies show a consistent weight loss [in the range of] 3% with lifestyle alone and up to 6% with intensive lifestyle change efforts, he added.

He added there are rare outliers who have surpassed weight loss of 6% and can then keep the weight off.

He added that people who lose weight with drugs need to support their bodies in other ways during that process.

With weight loss [using] agents such as semaglutideor tirzepatideor surgery, the goal is to have adequate protein intake and strength exercises to try offset the invariable loss of lean mass that occurs, he explained.

Pick said people who want to lose weight healthily can see a doctor who can also assess them for other health issues, such as pre-diabetes, sleep apnea or asthma.

Long story short, if youre thinking of taking up nicotine to lose weight you may want to nip that in the butt.

See the article here:
I'm a doctor here's why you shouldn't lose weight using ZYN - New York Post

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Whoopi Goldberg is opening up about her experience using the type 2 diabetes medication Mounjaro for weight loss.

On May 13, the 68-year-old discussed the medication and its impact on her weight during an appearance on The Kelly Clarkson Show. According to Whoopi, the medication helped her to lose the weight of "almost two people."

After Kelly complemented Whoopi on how young she looked, The View co-host replied, "Its all the weight Ive lost."

On a View segment two days later, the Sister Act star defended Kelly, who also revealed during the conversation that she used a medication to lose weight. "They kick her behind when shes bigger, they kick her behind when shes lost the weight, and now theyre kicking her behind because she said it out loud," Whoopi said.

"We have to let people do what they need to do to get where they need to get to," she continued. "Stop being mad that theyre not doing it your way. Its not like we really know what youre doing."

Whoopi first revealed that she had used Mounjaro in March, during a discussion on The View about Oprahs new special, Shame, Blame and the Weight Loss Revolution. My weight has come and gone and up and down, but its never been an issue for me because I dont listen to what other people say about me," she shared.

But, after gaining weight during a near-fatal health scare, Whoopi said she used Mounjaro to feel like herself again. Here's what she's shared about her weight loss.

Whoopi realized she had gained weight during the making of Till in 2022. In the film, Whoopi played Mamie Till-Bradley, an educator who wanted justice after the murder of her 14-year-old son Emmett in August 1955. She also produced the movie.

"I will tell you, I weighed almost 300 pounds when I made Till," she said.

Till was shot not long after Whoopi recovered from a scary health incident. After catching what she thought was the common cold, the host landed in the hospital and was diagnosed with pneumonia in both lungs.

The EGOT winner also had sepsis, a life-threatening complication in which the body responds improperly to an infection, per The Mayo Clinic. Instead of fighting the disease, the body turns on itself, causing organs to work poorly.

To treat the diagnoses, Whoopi was prescribed steroids and a number of medications. But the drugs had some adverse side effects.

I had taken all those steroids, I was on all this stuff, she shared, noting that she didnt realize that she had gained weight until she looked at herself in the mirror one day. I just always felt like me. And then I saw me and I thought, Oh! Thats a lot of me!

Whoopi shared that she used a weight-loss medication to shed the pounds. One of the things thats helped me dropped the weight was the Mounjaro. Thats what I used, she said. (Whoopis The View cohost, Sunny Hostin, also shared that she used Mounjaro to lose weight after gaining 40 pounds during the height of the COVID-19 pandemic.)

Mounjaro is a medication designed to control blood sugar levels in patients with type 2 diabetes. However, the medication has also been used off-label for weight loss. The active ingredient in Mounjaro, tirzepatide, has since been FDA-approved for weight loss under the name Zepbound.

Mounjaro is similar to fellow diabetes drug Ozempic, which is also used off-label for weight loss. But, there are a few key differences: The active ingredient in Ozempic is semaglutide, while the active ingredient in Mounjaro is tirzepatide. (Both work to increase insulin production.) Research has found that tirzepatide helps patients lose more weight by targeting an additional receptor.

Whoopi also opened up about her experience with Mounjaro during a May 13 appearance on The Kelly Clarkson Show.

"Im doing that wonderful little shot that works for folks who need some help," she told Kelly. "Its been really good for me."

Whoopi said she had a wake-up call when someone accused her of wearing a "fat suit" while filming Till. "I was indignant," she said. "I was like, 'This is not a fat suit. This is me!' And then you see."

Whoopi didn't realize she wanted to lose weight until that moment. "Youre living your life and youre doing what you need to doand thats the last thing youre thinking about because youve got other stuff on your mind," she continued. "When you realize it, you go, 'Well, damn.' And everyone says, 'Well, I thought you knew.'"

Ultimately, Whoopi has urged people to be kinder to each other concerning the subjects of weight and weight loss. During a March appearance on The View, she explained: "Maybe the key is to stop judging everybody. Maybe thats the key."

Korin Miller is a freelance writer specializing in general wellness, sexual health and relationships, and lifestyle trends, with work appearing in Mens Health, Womens Health, Self, Glamour, and more. She has a masters degree from American University, lives by the beach, and hopes to own a teacup pig and taco truck one day.

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Whoopi Goldberg's Weight Loss: How Mounjaro Helped Her Slim Down - Women's Health

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