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Interim lightweight champion Ryan Garcia is consistently ranked among the top lightweight fighters currently active in the boxing world, a fact which can be attributed to his work ethic when it comes to training hard and staying ring-ready. In a new video on his YouTube channel, Garcia and his personal chef Manny Duran break down the staple meals he'll tend to eat on an average day to complement his boxing workouts.

Garcia starts each morning with a Yakult to give his digestive system a boost, and then goes on a 5-mile run and does 8 rounds of shadowboxing before breakfast. "I come back and decide if I want to eat or not, how my body feels," he says. "I kind of listen to my body more. Sometimes I won't eat at all. But I always do a coffee."

A typical breakfast for Garcia is avocado toast with turkey breast, cheese and a fried egg, and a glass of orange juice. "This is bomb as hell, and it's healthy," he says.

As a mid-morning, pre-workout snack, he'll usually crush a couple of hardboiled eggs then hit the jump rope, footwork drills, shadowboxing, core exercises like Russian twists, and some resistance training. Then, for lunch, Duran will prepare ground turkey with freshly made salsa and guacamole, served over rice on lettuce wraps.

And as for dinner? Garcia will frequently skip it.

"He doesn't eat that much," says Duran. "His stomach is probably that small right now, like a five-year-old... Sometimes I just stand around waiting for him to order something, and he just doesn't feel hungry."

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Pro Boxer Ryan Garcia Shared the Diet That Helps Him Stay Lean - menshealth.com

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The sigh of contentment after a pleasant meal confirms a link between food and mood, but research in recent years is uncovering the nature of the relationship between diet and mental health.

For example, a 2017 review in the British Journal of Sports Medicine, Sugar addiction: is it real?, reported that sugar meets many of the criteria for a substance of abuse and could be potentially addictive in humans. And, recently, the first randomised trial Randomized crossover trial of a modified ketogenic diet in Alzheimers disease to investigate the impact of a ketogenic diet (a high-fat, low-carbohydrate diet that shifts the body towards fat metabolism) in Alzheimer patients reported: Compared with a usual diet supplemented with low-fat healthy-eating guidelines, patients on the ketogenic diet improved in daily function and quality of life, two factors of great importance to people living with dementia.

And a report in the Proceedings of the Nutrition Society Nutritional psychiatry: the present state of the evidence notes that nutritional psychiatry is a rapidly growing field of research that has the potential to provide clinically meaningful interventions to both prevent and manage mental illness.

Nutritional psychiatry?

Historically, psychiatric education has completely ignored the topic of nutrition. Thats the verdict of Harvard-trained, board-certified psychiatrist Dr Georgia Ede who is helping pioneer this emerging discipline in psychiatric practice. Dr Ede told The Irish Times that in her four years of residency training, food wasnt mentioned once: For decades, our treatment paradigm has been the trial-and-error use of psychiatric medications intended to address neurotransmitter imbalances, without seeking to understand what might cause these imbalances in the first place. Today, Massachusetts-based Dr Ede specialises in nutritional and metabolic psychiatry, writing and speaking about nutrition science, mental health, and dietary policy, and training clinicians in the applications of nutritional psychiatry.

Although Ede recommends different therapeutic diets in her practice, including paleo diets and elimination diets, one of her most powerful tools is the ketogenic diet, which reliably normalises blood glucose and lowers blood insulin concentrations, reduces inflammation and oxidative stress, supports the brains growth and repair pathways, helps to correct neurotransmitter imbalances, and improves the brains access to energy: One of the benefits of a strategy that fundamentally improves brain metabolism and whole brain health rather than a medication that targets specific neurotransmitters, is that it can be useful for a variety of diagnoses.

Ede cites examples from her practice, including a man with months of depression, profound agitation and insomnia whose symptoms completely resolved without medication on a ketogenic diet; a woman with lifelong attention deficit disorder who can forego stimulants when in ketosis; and a man with early Alzheimers disease who experiences greater mental clarity when in ketosis.

However, Ede explains that ketogenic diets are not right for everyone, and their use in managing psychiatric disorders often requires specialised knowledge and expertise, particularly when medications are involved.

Meanwhile in Ireland, nutritional psychiatry is attracting the attention of researchers. A recent paper in the journal Molecular Psychiatry, Diet and depression: exploring the biological mechanisms of action, explores the relationship between diet and depression and is co-authored by Prof John Cryan and Dr Gerard Clarke of University College Cork (UCC). The paper cites, for example, tryptophan, found in foods such as chicken, tuna, peanuts, milk and cheese, and whose metabolism has important implications.

Dr Clarke, lecturer in the department of psychiatry and neurobehavioural science at UCC and a principal investigator at APC Microbiome Ireland, explains: Tryptophan is an essential amino acid that must be supplied in our diet. It is a key raw material and building block for neurotransmitters like serotonin, the main therapeutic target of most antidepressants and many anxiolytics. One surprising finding from my work is how much our gut microbes affect tryptophan supply. Our gut bacteria are like little factories, processing the raw materials we consume through diet. Our gut microbes can directly and indirectly influence the fate of the tryptophan we consume and thus determine its availability as a building block for serotonin in the gut and the brain. This critical role for our gut microbes is something we never really considered in detail before. Adding these new insights has been a highlight of my research.

Ive also been fortunate, Clarke explains, to collaborate with Prof Felice Jacka and her team in Melbourne. Prof Jacka is a key author of the Molecular Psychiatry paper and has been instrumental in putting food and mood on the map and driving the new field of nutritional psychiatry.

Prof Cryan of UCCs department of anatomy and neuroscience is co-author of The Psychobiotic Revolution: Mood, Food, and the New Science of the Gut-Brain Connection (2017) from National Geographic Press. He told The Irish Times how ground-breaking research from UCCs APC Microbiome Ireland is investigating the role of the trillions of bacteria within the gut (the microbiome) on brain health and how it is shaped by diet: Their ongoing work is showing that a diet enriched with fibre and fermented foods has beneficial effects on stress responses in healthy volunteers after just one month. Cryan who is leading this research, is optimistic about the concept of psychobiotic diets and stresses that our state of gut can affect our state of mind.

Consultant psychiatrist Prof Gautam Gulati of the University of Limerick acknowledges that dietary considerations are becoming an increasingly important factor in the treatment of mental illness: Mediterranean diets, for example, may be beneficial in the adjunctive treatment of depression and anxiety, and additional lifestyle changes such as regular exercise and sleep are, of course, equally important. There is a growing recognition in practice of the importance of the gut-brain axis as a target for maintaining and improving mental health. While the science behind nutritional psychiatry is still evolving, he adds, a healthy varied diet promoting good bacteria in the gut is likely to be associated with reduced stress levels.

How does Ede see the future of a dietary role in psychiatric practice developing? I firmly believe, she explains, that everyone with a mental health concern deserves a metabolic evaluation to look for potentially reversible root causes of their symptoms and should be offered counseling about the importance of dietary quality to their mental health.

She is also certain of growing public interest in these empowering new treatment options, and when people discover and apply them, they share their success with others, including their clinicians. Most people have been feeding their brains improperly their entire lives and have no idea how much better they could feel if they had the information, tools, and support to begin making healthy changes.

As Cryan and Clarkes co-authored paper observes, nutritional psychiatry has the potential to result in new and targeted strategies for those affected by mental illness.

Link:
Food and mood: Why nutritional psychiatry is attracting attention - The Irish Times

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In the medical field, detoxing is an important treatment conducted when someone has overdosed on drugs or other toxins. But, the practice of detoxing as a do-it-yourself, quick health fix has grown in popularity over the years.

There are several popular detox regimens or therapies advertised today, including juice cleanses, taking dietary supplements, and sweating in a sauna. Another product on the market is called a detox foot pad. But while manufacturers may claim otherwise, there is no evidence that detox foot pads, or detoxes in general, work.

Here's what you need to know about detox foot pads, why they don't do the job, and what you can do to help your body's natural detoxification process instead.

A detox foot pad is a sticky patch that you place on the sole of your foot and leave on overnight while you sleep. You can buy various brands of foot pads at stores like CVS or Walmart, or online.

Proponents of detox foot pads claim the product draws out toxins, such as heavy metals, from the bottom of your feet.

There is no health risk in using a detox foot pad, and the purported benefits include:

When you remove the pad, it will be blackened, darkened, or discolored supposedly due to the toxins that were removed from your body. The color of the patch is supposed to determine the type of toxins collected, and in theory, the more you use the pads, the clearer the patch will become. However, there is no evidence this is true.

There is no evidence that detox foot pads work as advertised, says Jeffrey H. Alexander, DPM, a podiatrist at Rush University Medical Center. And there are no published scientific studies available that prove that detox foot pads work. All supposed benefits are based on purely anecdotal evidence.

But what about the darkened pad when you pull it off in the morning? Sorry to say, those colors are primarily from the chemicals in the pads themselves.

Detox foot pads, which are infused with vinegar and other chemicals, can darken or change color after reacting to the perspiration and warmth from the soles of your feet, says Alexander. This discoloration has also been found when dropping distilled water on the product or steaming the pad over a boiling pot of water.

The most these pads would be absorbing is perspiration from the foot, says Michael Trepal, DPM, FACFAS, the Dean and Vice President of Academic Affairs at the New York College of Podiatric Medicine. Sweat glands on the feet can excrete moisture, but that's a normal part of the body, says Trepal. You'd find all of that after wearing a sweat sock too, including some discoloration.

Note: The bottom of your foot is the thickest, toughest skin you can find on the body, says Alexander. It is probably the worst place to draw out toxins since they wouldn't be able to penetrate such a tough layer of skin.

A 2014 review of detox methods found no evidence that any advertised strategies eliminate toxins from the body or help you lose weight . In fact, in 2010, the Federal Trade Commission charged certain detox foot pad companies for misleading consumers to believe the pads could treat numerous medical conditions.

Not only do detoxes not work, but there's no need to go on one. That's because the body does a great job at detoxifying itself. Your gastrointestinal tract, liver, and kidneys all work to process, filter, and excrete toxins and waste from your body.

There are some more beneficial, scientifically-backed ways to help your body with its natural detoxification process, including:

There is no evidence to support the supposed benefits of detox foot pads. The discoloration of the patch, which is infused with vinegar and other chemicals, is due to the sweat and warmth from your foot, not toxins.

Your body already has a natural detoxifying process that involves the kidneys, gastrointestinal tract, and liver. You can help this process along with eating a balanced diet, getting a good night's rest, and drinking enough water.

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Why detox foot pads don't work, and 3 tips to help your body naturally detox instead - Insider

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More than your current body shape or even your genetics, the most important factor when it comes to being healthy and eating for your best outcome (whether it's to lower your risk of heart disease, diabetes or just to lose some weight) is your lifestyle choices, not your DNA.

Rather than focus on your height and shape, the key is towork toward a healthy body composition, with strong muscles built through healthy habits,with a diet of mostly plant-based foods that will lower your risk of heart disease, type 2 diabetes, and certain cancers.

That's why we created this quiz. To help you find the diet approach that is right for you and your lifestyle, depending on whether you like to work out or hate it, plus what you eat now, and whether you like to cook (or meal prep). Take the 6 question quiz and finally start to see the healthy results you deserve!

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What's the Best Diet for Your Body Type? Take This Quiz to Learn - mix941kmxj.com

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The world in current years has seen a massive shift in trends, whether it be clothing, dieting, or simply lifestyle. Leading these trends are platforms like TikTok and Instagram.

Who would have ever thought that these media platforms could make consuming tide-pods look cool? Is it right to then say that we are all victims of todays social media?

How many times have you come across a reel on Instagram or a TikTok that showed you a recipe for a fast metabolism, or ones that said easy ways to burn fat in 5 days. You may now get a better picture of the natural supplement i.e., Leptitox, which we are about to discuss here.

The point is that everywhere you look, there are thousands of people posting and uploading things like this without any scientific knowledge or even experience in the field. The truth is that following such advice could get your health into serious trouble.

Coming down to the statistics of this conversation, it might surprise you to know that the U.S. Weight Loss & Diet Control Market is worth a staggering $72 billion. This includes all those impossible diet plans, shakes, expensive gym memberships, and more. The industry profits, by keeping you a customer to their cunning and ineffective products.

This is where popular and trusted weight loss supplements like Leptitox come in. Natural supplements like Leptitox are no-BS, straight to the point and explicitly overt about their ingredients, benefits and prices.

Backing their findings with research and scientific data, Leptitox is sold with the sole purpose of benefiting someone who is genuinely frustrated with their stubborn weight and fat. Let us find out just how valid these claims made by Leptitox are.

Visit the Official Website of Leptitox for the Best Discount

Leptitox starts its journey by finding the root cause of reducing weight. Formulated by Morgan Hurts and Sonya Rhodes, this all-natural dietary supplement seems to be the safest and best answer to your weight-loss dreams.

Treadmill, Crossfit, Zumba, ab crunchers you might have tried everything and it sure may have worked for a while. But after a while your body reaches a weight plateau, which may be because the hardest part is having to continue a routine and sticking to one consistently without the aid of any fat burner supplement.

What Leptitox brings to the table is not a temporary fix like your previous attempts but rather a permanent one. You may no longer have to restrict your diet plans out of fear of gaining weight from your favorite comfort foods. You may not have to fight your cravings for sugary or even starchy foods.

The biggest eureka moment about burning fat was when the founders of Leptitox broadened their understanding by finding the hormone called leptin. Leptin is the hormone that is produced in the bodys fat cells. This hormone creates feelings of fullness and suppresses your hunger.

Often known as the starvation or hunger hormone, low levels of leptin can convince your brain you are hungry, increasing your cravings and even appetite. What is most important is the way your brain recognizes this hormone. More leptin does not mean that your fat will burn. In fact, research has shown that those fighting obesity have more leptin than others.

The proprietary blend of Leptitox has been made from 22 plant extracts and nutrients which works on the bodys leptin resistance cycle. This may help produce more chemicals in the brain to recognize all your leptin hormones, giving you feelings of satiety again.

What makes the leptin resistance cycle occur, what are the reasons for leptin resistance and how do the ingredients used fight this cycle are questions that will be answered in our next section. So hang on tight! You are sure to find answers in the places where modern obesity research has made breakthroughs.

Click here to get the Best Deals on Leptitox

When Morgan Hurts and Sonya Rhodes were working on a miracle cure for weight loss, they found a jackpot of information from the Malaysian island of Langkawi. This information could revolutionize the weight loss industry that already has a variety of weight loss pills in the market and give the $72 billion market huge competition.

Patient and consistent research showed that there was something that stopped the brain from recognizing the bodys fat cell hormone leptin. Because of this occurrence, the body would always be left with feelings of hunger, cravings, and increased appetite.

Usually, the leptin travels through the blood to the hypothalamus conveying the message that there is enough fat stored in the body. This is the bodys way of reserving energy in case of emergencies.

When the leptin does not carry this message to the hypothalamus, the body keeps storing more fat than it generally should, all the while convincing your body that what you ate was not enough.

The only reason for leptin to not be recognized by the brain is from unhealthy dieting habits and weight gain in a short time. Yes, you heard that right, sudden dieting can cause the body to be confused. This can happen because your body would be going from consuming low calories to high calories when you stop the diet.

Another reason that can cause the body to resist leptin is the presence of Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals (EDCs) like BPA, TBT, PFOA, DEHP, Cadmium, and ZEA. All of this can cause abnormality in the bodys ability to recognize leptin, leading to a leptin resistance cycle.

This fat then accumulates in your belly, hips, arms, and even thighs slowly continuously. This happens because cyclically the body tells the brain that it requires food. The brain meanwhile doesnt know that there is excess stored fat to be metabolized.

22 proprietary ingredients packed into a bottle of 60 capsules reverses this leptin resistance. This blend works on detoxifying the body, helping you control your appetite, and supporting your weight loss journey.

Visit the official website of Leptitox

The main ingredients of Leptitox have been identified as native to Malaysia but sourced right here in the USA. The ingredients used are divided into two groups. While the main ingredients focus on reversing the leptin resistance cycle, the proprietary blend provides the body with overall wellbeing and added nutrients.

The only way to reverse the leptin resistance seems to be to first tackle the EDC problems. Let us see how the ingredients fight EDC chemicals like BPA, TBT, PFOA, DEHP, Cadmium, and ZEA.

The 11 most important ingredients used in the Leptitox are:

You not only benefit from the detoxifiers, but also from the added nutrients like N-acetyl cysteine, Burdock root, choline, chicory root, and methionine which would boost the power of their recipe. All these ingredients of Leptitox work synergistically to address leptin resistance and stop food cravings.

Click here to learn more about the Ingredients of Leptitox

The possible benefits that Leptitox strives to provide to all its users are-

Click here to get the Latest Deals on Leptitox

The Leptitox bottles of 60 capsules each are sold invariants of

Free shipping and a 60-day money-back guarantee are provided on each product sold to you. Not only do the prices seem reasonable, and additionally they even offer customers a 15% discount coupon from time to time when you visit their official website.

As for the consumption of the Leptitox capsules, the video on their website suggests that two capsules be taken with a glass of water in the afternoon. This should provide you with additional energy and weight loss support, naturally adjusting you back into a healthy rhythm. This is sure to leave you energized, well-rested, and enjoying overall from what life has to offer.

Leptitox has been designed and formulated in such a way that it may start working on your body instantly. If you do start to see the results in a short span of time, considering the effectiveness of the ingredients, the manufacturer suggests that you take Leptitox every second day to lose weight in a healthy, steady manner.

For some, it may take time to work its wonders into the body and if at any time you do not see the results or are simply dissatisfied, the no-questions-asked 60-day money-back guarantee makes this a really good deal for you.

Leptitox is different from the diets and plans you see online because their products are backed up by scientific knowledge. There is strong evidence which points in the direction of Endocrine Disrupting Hormones being one of the main reasons for obesity and obesity-related metabolic diseases.

These man-made EDCs are everywhere and nearly impossible to avoid. From the water we drink to the food we eat are flooded with many toxic EDCs which cannot be made out by the naked eye. These kinds of EDCs are known as persistent organic pollutants due to their persistence in the environment.

Findings in research helped Leptitox make a product that identifies that leptin resistance is taking place in the body and tries to reverse it. Leptin resistance prevents the metabolism of existing fats and creates cravings and a feeling of being unsatisfied. This may have you eating more and gaining more weight and calories than you should.

Leptitox strikes the nail on the head by addressing the root cause of the problem, the brains ability to recognize the leptin in the bloodstream. It does this by detoxifying the body of any and every EDC is known to man and cleanses your blood so that the leptin resistance cycle is reversed.

Visit the Official Website of Leptitox for the Best Discount

Now that you have understood about the weight loss industry and their unscrupulous ways of keeping you coming back for more, you just might be able to understand the benefits of buying from Leptitox.

You do not have to believe everything youve read, but research speaks for itself and this particular brand has made sure that foundationally, their research is reliable and strong. Will this proprietary blend of 22 plant and nutrient extracts help you lose the weight you always wanted? It is high time you found out.

This detailed review of Leptitox has been written in hopes that customers will be able to objectively make that decision for themselves. Whether you are going through a rough patch with your excess weight, or you simply want to prevent gaining it, Leptitox may be the solution for anyone who wants to look sleek, neat, sexy, and trim.

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Leptitox Reviews: Does This Fat Burner Really Work? - Blog - The Island Now

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Kelly Ripa joined in on this week's "Throwback Thursday" on social media, sharing a photo of herself rocking a swimsuit in 2018, under the darkest of dark clouds. "#tbt 2018 ignores approaching storm #bahamas," she captioned the photo, tagging her husband, Riverdale actor Mark Consuelos (@instasuelos). ("Of course you did. You are a storm yourself," joked Dondre T. Whitfield in the comments.) While a lot has changed in the last three years, the 50-year-old host of Live with Kelly and Ryan still looks just as amazing as she did in the photo taken in the tropics. So how does she manage to remain one of the fittest females on television? Here are 5 of the workout and diet secrets she's told others, and the photos that prove they work.

Ripa claims that the alkaline dietabout balancing the pH levels in your body"changed her life," but she isn't exactly strict with it. "I like to drink coffee. I occasionally will have fish. The alkaline diet is primarily a vegan diet, but I like cream in my coffee," Ripa told People. "So I don't adhere to it strictly, but when I do a cleanse, it will be seven days, and then I go back to my normal life. But my normal life is not that different than the alkaline cleanse." During an interview with Good Housekeeping she revealed that she eats "a ton of vegetables" at dinner paired with a salad, soup, or a light piece of fish. "I try not to have too much cheese or too many high-fat foods, even though I love them," she added. "I would love nothing more than to have pizza and french fries every day, but I try to limit those treats to once a week."

Ripa told Bon Apptit that she puts off her first meal of the day until after work. "I never eat breakfast until after the show. I can't seem to focus my mind if my stomach is digesting," she said. "At the host chat desk, I'll have a triple shot skim latte I find that if I eat beforehand, I'm just making digesting sounds."

In January 2020, Ripa revealed during an episode of Live With Kelly and Ryan that she quit drinking in 2017. "They're saying that Americans bought less wine last year. It's the first drop in a quarter of a century. Now, I believe this is because I quit drinking, that I caused this dip. I have influenced the market," she joked.

Ripa refuses to skip a workout. "I work out seven days a week," she told In the Know. "And I try to workout an hour and a half a day, no matter what whether I'm working or not. If I'm working, maybe I'll start it a little bit later or a little bit earlier, depending on what day of the week it is. But I am very religious about my fitness."

Ripa has been working out with celebrity trainer Anna Kaiser for several years, using her AKT method which combines toning, interval, circuit and dance-based workouts. "You light the world up around you and make everyone who is lucky enough to know you a better version of him/herself," Kaiser wrote to Ripa for her birthday last year, captioning this Instagram photo. "You are kind, passionate, and generous BEYOND words no one knows how much you give back, anonymously, to make this world a better place. Everyday is better with you in it and I am so excited to enter another decade of adventures with you!!!"

Excerpt from:
Kelly Ripa in Swimsuit Throwback Reminds Us She's Fearless | Eat This Not That - Eat This, Not That

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The relationship between psychosocial stress and CHD seems to be stronger in women than in men. It may also vary depending on the type of stress or stressor.

However, it is unclear how different types of psychosocial stress impact womens risk of developing CHD.

For this reason, a research team from Drexel University Dornsife School of Public Health in Philadelphia, PA, decided to investigate the association of psychosocial stressors including job strain, stressful life events, and social strain with the incidence of CHD in women.

They combed through the data collected as part of the Womens Health Initiative Observational Study (WHIOS), to assess the independent and combined impact of stressful life events, social relationships, and paid work.

Their findings, which appear in the Journal of the American Heart Association, indicate that work and social strain seem to pack a double punch, increasing womens risk of developing CHD by 21%.

Stressful life events and social strain, that is, the negative aspects of social interactions or relationships, also increased womens risk of developing CHD by 12% and 9%, respectively.

Our findings are a critical reminder to women, and those who care about them, that the threat of stress to human health should not go ignored, says Dr. Conglong Wang, the studys lead author. This is particularly pertinent during the stressors caused by a pandemic.

If true, these findings could shift the focus of preventing CHD in women from managing current stress to finding ways to prevent stress at the source.

It would also serve as a serious reminder that stress is a major threat to human beings, women in particular, and that this threat must be addressed promptly and properly.

Over the past few years, several major studies have established that psychosocial stress from different aspects of life may impact the risk of developing CHD.

This is likely because psychosocial stress can disrupt homeostasis the optimal internal functioning of organs and their systems which can lead to an illness.

As a result, stress can intensify cardiovascular inflammation and reactivity, resulting in metabolic changes that increase the risk of developing CHD.

Psychosocial stress is also linked with behavioral patterns such as alcohol consumption, smoking, or being physically inactive. Certain medical conditions, including diabetes and hypertension, affect the risk of CHD as well.

Stress may impact men and women differently. The findings from a few studies indicate that the link between psychosocial stress and CHD may be stronger in women than in men.

In one study, women were more likely than men to document high average stress levels and associated emotional and physical symptoms, including exhaustion and depression.

Another study found that women may be exposed to psychological stressors that men experience less commonly.

However, scientists still do not know how different stressors influence womens risk of having CHD. It is therefore unclear which stressors affect the risk of developing this condition the most.

This makes it difficult for healthcare professionals to advise women on the best ways to reduce their likelihood of developing CHD. It also means women cannot be sure which stressors are most important to address to keep CHD at bay.

In the new study, the research team analyzed data collected as part of the WHIOS, an initiative aimed at finding better ways to prevent heart disease, cancer, and osteoporosis in women.

The scientists analyzed data from 80,825 women living in a diverse array of states across the United States that had experienced menopause.

Participants were aged 5079 when the WHIOS started tracking them, and the average time women were tracked was 14 years and 7 months. Women assessed stressors in the WHIOS using self-reporting questionnaires.

After adjusting for variables such as job tenure, socioeconomic factors, age, and additional stressors, the researchers found a high stressful life events score increased the risk of developing CHD by 12%, and high social strain by 9%.

The team also noted that the impact of work and social strain seem to work synergistically, increasing womens CHD risk by 21%. Job strain alone was not linked with a higher CHD risk.

These findings could have important implications for how healthcare professionals and women themselves decide to best tackle stress to reduce their CHD risk.

It is of note that a disproportionately large number of participants in the study were white and held more than a high school diploma. The teams findings may also be impacted by the healthy worker bias, according to which people who are less healthy are more likely to be unemployed.

Moreover, the team did not take into account other important compounding factors, such as working hours and social support systems, which are associated with CHD.

Also, the scientists only focused on the impact of stress related to a persons most recent or current job, ignoring the change of jobs throughout life.

The researchers write that more studies are necessary to determine the impact of job demands as they align with sex.

A persons sex and socioeconomic status may also affect their ability to manage stress. That is why future studies will also have to identify subgroups of people that are more likely to benefit from preventative stress interventions than others.

However, these new findings help fuel the need for more advanced, diverse research exploring the link between stress, heart disease, and sex or gender.

They may also encourage healthcare professionals and women alike to reconsider their best options for reducing their CHD risk and improving overall health.

The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted ongoing stresses for women in balancing paid work and social stressors. We know from other studies that work strain may play a role in developing CHD, but now, we can better pinpoint the combined impact of stress at work and at home on these poor health outcomes.

Dr. Yvonne Michael, senior author and associate professor in the Dornsife School of Public Health

My hope is that these findings are a call for better methods of monitoring stress in the workplace and remind us of the dual burden working women face as a result of their unpaid work as caregivers at home.

See the rest here:
How stress impacts women's heart health - Medical News Today

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Potassium is a mineral and an electrolyte that the body requires to support key processes. It is one of the seven essential macrominerals and plays a role in the function of the kidneys. Having too much or too little potassium can result in complications that affect the kidneys.

Potassium plays a key role in a number of bodily processes, including nerve transmission, heart contractility, cellular transport, and normal kidney function. It is important that people get sufficient potassium from the diet, as an imbalance can cause problems in the body.

In this article, we look at the association between potassium and kidney health. We also explain how people with chronic kidney disease (CKD) can manage their dietary needs for better health.

The kidneys are bean shaped organs that are extremely important in removing waste and maintaining a healthy balance of water, salts, and minerals, such as potassium, in the blood. Without this balance, nerves, muscles, and other tissues in the body may not work normally.

CKD is a condition that causes the loss of normal kidney function. People with diabetes or high blood pressure have a higher risk of CKD. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) estimate that this condition affects 15% of adults in the United States.

CKD can get worse over time, but people may be able to manage it by adhering to a healthy lifestyle and getting proper treatment for any underlying conditions.

If CKD does not improve, it can result in kidney damage, which can affect how well the kidneys manage potassium. People with very severe CKD may require a kidney transplant or dialysis.

Under normal conditions, the kidneys respond to hormones in the body to maintain a normal amount of potassium in the body. The National Institutes of Health (NIH) state that the standard amount of potassium in the blood typically ranges from 3.6 to 5.0 millimoles per liter.

In people with CKD, the improperly functioning kidneys lose the ability to filter fluids and electrolytes in the body, which can lead to dangerously high levels of potassium in the blood. Hyperkalemia is the medical term for excessively high levels of potassium.

A doctor can diagnose hyperkalemia with a blood test, and they may also order an electrocardiogram to make sure that the heart is working properly.

Hyperkalemia may not produce symptoms for some people. However, potassium levels of 6.57.0 milliequivalents per liter or higher can cause serious symptoms, including:

Other possible causes of hyperkalemia besides CKD include diabetes, trauma, rhabdomyolysis, medication use, and excessive potassium intake.

To treat hyperkalemia, a doctor may recommend eating a diet with lower potassium levels or changing medications. In cases of severe hyperkalemia, they might prescribe medication to treat it.

Just as potassium levels in the body can get too high, they can also drop too low, which doctors refer to as hypokalemia. Hypokalemia is typically due to another underlying medical illness that a doctor must diagnose.

Possible causes of hypokalemia include:

Symptoms of hypokalemia may include:

A doctor can diagnose hypokalemia using blood and urine tests. They will treat it by addressing the underlying cause, as well as replenishing potassium and fluids.

For adults, the World Health Organization (WHO) recommends a potassium intake of at least 3,510 milligrams (mg) per day, while the NIH suggests a daily intake of 2,600 mg for females and 3,400 mg for males.

In people with moderate-to-severe CKD, doctors may recommend a potassium-restricted diet of roughly 2,000 mg per day. A dietitian can advise on the specific level of restriction. People with CKD may wish to consider avoiding or limiting the consumption of high potassium foods.

Other ways to manage dietary potassium include:

When dining out, people can take steps to avoid eating too much potassium. For instance, they can choose restaurants with suitable options on the menus and even call ahead to request special dietary alterations to their preferred meal option. They can also pay close attention to their diet throughout the rest of the day.

Some examples of low potassium foods include:

High potassium foods include:

Some individuals with CKD may find it challenging to plan meals because so many foods have high levels of potassium. However, there is a method called leaching that can lower the amount of potassium in some foods.

People can leach vegetables by cutting them and soaking them for a few hours in warm unsalted water. They can then drain the water and wash the vegetables using warm water. If they wish to cook the vegetables, they should use unsalted water.

If a person with CKD does decide to consume a meal high in potassium, it is important to try to cut down on the serving size.

Limiting potassium intake helps people with CKD lower their risk of worsening disease.

A person with CKD may be less tolerant of high sodium levels in their body. A high sodium diet can cause a large amount of fluid in the body, which can result in symptoms of swelling or shortness of breath. Doctors typically use drugs called diuretics to treat these symptoms.

People with CKD also tend to retain more hydrogen in their body.

In the body, hydrogen ions act as acids. If the kidneys are not working properly, there will be higher levels of hydrogen ions in the body. Doctors refer to this as metabolic acidosis. Individuals with metabolic acidosis may require bicarbonate supplements.

The inability of the kidneys to filter blood effectively can result in higher levels of phosphate and lower levels of calcium. This imbalance can cause bone weakness and increase the risk of heart disease and stroke.

Chronic kidney disease makes it difficult for the kidneys to function properly, and this can cause problems in the levels of nutrients, such as potassium, in the body. An imbalance of potassium in the body can cause complications relating to the muscles and the heart.

It is important for people with CKD to have regular checkups with their doctor and a dietitian to manage their potassium levels and appropriately take care of their health.

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What is the link between kidney disease and potassium? - Medical News Today

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Martin Luther was a "pioneering figure," says 58-year-old clergywoman Jutta Herbert, pointing to his theology, his focus on the Bible, his steadfastness, the emphasis on education. All of this, she tells DW, has had a huge influence on who she is.

Jutta Herbert encounters the reformer most days. This is hardly surprising: After all, she is the dean of Germany's Protestant Protestant church in the south-western region off Worms-Wonnegau.

And the city of Worms provides the backdrop for one of the biggest Luther monuments in the world.

Clergywoman Jutta Herbert in Worms sees Martin Luther as a pioneer

That, too, is no coincidence because it was in here in Worms that, 500 years ago, Luther who had as a monk long been fiercelycritical of the Catholic church's leadership in Rome went head-to-head with Emperor Charles V.

Their showdown in April 1521would later be seen as one of the decisive steps in what became known as the Protestant reformation.

Three and a half years earlier, Luther had shaken the Christian world when he published his famous Ninety-five Theses in the town of Wittenberg.

Already a well-known figure in the German-speaking world, he met with jubilation as he made his way from Wittenberg to Worms, further south. Contemporary sources report that he was accompanied by "a cheering crowd."

Now, once again,there is a celebration in the city of Worms as it marks the 500th anniversary and this very special weekend. However, in the treacherous times of COVID-19, little remains of a commemorative program that had so meticulously been put together.

On Friday, a special digital ceremony was held and attended via videolink by Germany's PresidentFrank-Walter Steinmeier, himself a committed Protestant. And on Sunday a church service will be streamed live from Worms. Also, a multimedia show, "The Luther Moment," will be broadcast on German TV from the central market square, projecting the dramatic events of five centuries ago onto a church wall. There will, however, be no live audience of thousands as had been eagerly anticipated.

Jutta Herbert is dismayed by how things have turned out. But she hopes that some of the commemorative events and encounters will still take place later in the year.

The Romanesque St Peter cathedral in Worms

The theologian has been based in Worms for decades and is well aware of the great significance of the Diet of Worms: "Even in ordinary years, we're regularly approached by groups and individuals from outside Germany." Many of them, she adds, had especially been looking forward to this historic 500th anniversary.

A major exhibition called "Here I stand. Conscience and Protest 1521 to 2021" has been postponed for three months and is now set to open its doors in July.

The motto of the show clearly illustrates what it was all about 500 years ago. Luther (37) was determined to defend his new theology in the presence of the Catholic Emperor Charles V (21).

Luther, who had been excommunicated by the Church in the spring of 1521 for his theses, insisted that he could not go against his conscience and recant his views. His actual words were "God help me, Amen!" In the days that followed, Luther went into hiding in the legendary Wartburg castle in Thuringia.

From here on, the Reformation the division between Luther and his supporters on the one side and the Catholic Church on the other could not be stopped.

And now, 500 years on? How successful is the ecumenical movement that aims to build bridges between the two main branches of the Christian church in today's Germany?

Taking Worms as an example, the latest figures from March this year show that the city has a population of just under 85,000. Of that number, 28.3% are Lutheran Protestants, while 23.4% are Catholics. Jutta Herbert insists that Worms is not only a Luther city but also a cathedral city. That is: it is both Protest and Catholic.

"Here in Worms, Catholics and Lutherans work very closely together," says Herbert, who speaks of "tried-and-tested cooperation." Never before have ecumenical considerations been so central to commemorative events marking the historic days of 1521. Among the speakers during the main ceremony, Steinmeier will also be joined by the head of Germany's Lutheran Protestant church, Heinrich Bedford-Strohm alongside the Catholic Bishop of Mainz, Peter Kohlgraf.

The famous Luther Monument (Lutherdenkmal) was erected in Worms in 1968

Jutta Herbert points out that in the summer months a midday ecumenical service takes place in the cathedral every Saturday. What is more, local charities like the hospice movement and groupshelpingthe homeless are coordinated ecumenically between the two churches.

Herbert is convinced that grass-roots Christians are happy to work together: "We've made a lot of progress. And we should avoid focusing too much on what divides us." Sunday will see a special ecumenical service in the cathedral.

Jutta Herbert's Catholic counterpart, Dean Tobias Schfer, believes that the city has a specific ecumenical character: "Because of its history, the city of Worms has an ecumenical obligation," Schfer told DW. He also remembers the same ceremony back in 1971 as being the first to have an ecumenical character. A special initiative was launched jointly by Protestants and Catholics," he reports: The "Worms Memorandum" called for Luther's excommunication to be rescinded. It was sent as a letter to Pope Paul VI. But just a short while later, the proposal was dismissed in a firm but friendly response from a senior cardinal.

The Catholic clergyman Tobias Schfer says that since 1971 the ecumenical movement has had a growing impact in the city. Jutta Herbert agrees, noting that, "fifty or sixty years ago, an image of Luther in the cathedral would have been unthinkable." For more than three decades now, a window in the cathedral's St. Anne's Chapel that depicts key episodes in the history of Worms has also included a depiction of Luther's appearance before Charles V. "In the past 500 years," says Jutta Herbert, "a lot has happened." Especially, she adds, "in the last fifty."

This article has been translated from German.

While you're here: Every Tuesday, DW editors round up what is happening in German politics and society, with an eye toward understanding this year's elections and beyond. You can sign up here for the weekly email newsletter Berlin Briefing, to stay on top of developments asGermany enters the post-Merkel era.

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500 years after Luther and the Diet of Worms the ecumenical movement is strong - DW (English)

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UNIVERSITY PARK, Pa. Supplementation of cocoa powder in the diet of high-fat-fed mice with liver disease markedly reduced the severity of their condition, according to a new study by Penn State researchers, who suggest the results have implications for people.

Cocoa powder, a popular food ingredient most commonly used in the production of chocolate, is rich in fiber, iron and phytochemicals reported to have positive health benefits, including antioxidant polyphenols and methylxanthines, noted study leader Joshua Lambert, professor of food science in the College of Agricultural Sciences.

While it is typically considered an indulgence food because of its high sugar and fat content, epidemiological and human-intervention studies have suggested that chocolate consumption is associated with reduced risk of cardio-metabolic diseases including stroke, coronary heart disease and Type 2 diabetes, Lambert said. So, it made sense to investigate whether cocoa consumption had an effect on non-alcohol-related fatty liver disease, which is commonly associated with human obesity.

This study has several strengths, Lambert explained. It used a commercially available cocoa product at a physiologically achievable dose meaning its equivalent could be duplicated by humans. Doing the calculations, for people it works out to about 10 tablespoons of cocoa powder a day, he said. Or, if you follow the directions on the Hersheys box of cocoa powder, thats about five cups of hot cocoa a day.

This photo shows three forms of cocoa beans, cocoa powder and chocolate.Cocoa powder, a popular food ingredient most commonly used in the production of chocolate, is rich in fiber, iron and phytochemicals reported to have positive health benefits, including antioxidant polyphenols and methylxanthines.

The high-fat-fed mouse is a well-established, diet-induced model of obesity, Lambert added. By waiting until mice were already obese before beginning cocoa treatment, researchers were able to test the protective effects of cocoa in a model that better simulates the current public health situation related to non-alcohol-related fatty liver disease.

Thats important, Lambert pointed out, because a significant proportion of the worlds population has preexisting obesity and non-alcohol-related fatty liver disease. Given the high proportion of people in the United States and other parts of the world with obesity, there is a need to develop potentially effective dietary interventions rather than just preventive agents, he said.

For this study, researchers examined changes in fatty liver disease, markers of oxidative stress, antioxidant response and cell damage in high-fat-fed obese mice treated with a diet supplemented with 80 mg cocoa powder per gram of food roughly a pinch per quarter teaspoon for eight weeks.

In findings recently published in The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry, the researchers reported that cocoa-treated mice gained weight at a 21% lower rate and had smaller spleen weights indicating less inflammation than the high-fat-fed control mice. At the end of the study, mice fed the cocoa-powder-supplemented diet had 28% less fat in their livers than the control mice. Cocoa-treated mice also had 56% lower levels of oxidative stress and 75% lower levels of DNA damage in the liver compared to high-fat-fed control mice.

The mechanisms by which cocoa imparts health benefits are not well understood, but previous studies in Lamberts lab showed that extracts from cocoa and some of the chemicals in cocoa powder can inhibit the enzymes that are responsible for digesting dietary fat and carbohydrate.

The mice in the study consumed cocoa powder and not chocolate like this rat; however, according to lead researcher Joshua Lambert, epidemiological and human-intervention studies have suggested that chocolate consumption is associated with reduced risk of cardio-metabolic diseases including stroke, coronary heart disease and Type 2 diabetes.

The result, he proposes, is that when mice get cocoa as part of their diet, these compounds in the cocoa powder prevent the digestion of dietary fat. When it cant be absorbed, the fat passes through their digestive systems. A similar process may occur with cocoa in humans, he hypothesizes.

In view of this new information about cocoa powder, Lambert is not recommending that obese people or anyone simply add five cups of hot cocoa to their daily routine and change nothing else in their diet. But he does advise, based on what he has learned in this study, to consider substituting cocoa for other foods, particularly high-calorie snack foods.

This exchange is potentially beneficial, especially in combination with a healthy overall diet and increased physical activity, he said. If you go to the gym and work out, and your reward is you go home and have a cup of cocoa, that may be something that helps get you off the couch and moving around.

Also involved in the research were Mingyao Sun, Yeyi Gu and Shannon Glisan, former graduate students in the Department of Food Science.

The research received technical support from the Penn State Genomics Core Facility and the Penn State Laboratory Animal Program. The National Institutes of Health, the U.S. Department of Agriculture and the Silvio and Edith Crespo Faculty Award partially funded this research. Blommer Chocolate Co., East Greenville, Pennsylvania, provided a gift of cocoa powder for the research.

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Dietary cocoa improves health of obese mice; likely has implications for humans | Penn State University - Penn State News

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