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Feb 17

Human Growth Hormone (hGH) Market Size and Forecast (2021-2027) | By Top Leading Players Ferring Holding SA, Eli Lilly and Company, Genentech, Merck…

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New Jersey, United States,- The Market Research Intellect report predicts that the Human Growth Hormone (hGH) Market will find players focused on new product development in order to secure a solid position in terms of revenue distribution. Strategic partnerships can be a powerful way to bring new products to market. The level of competition in the market can increase.

This research report categorizes the global market by player/brand, region, type, and application. The report also analyzes the state of the global market, the competitive landscape, market share, growth rates, future trends, market drivers, opportunities and challenges, sales channels, five forces of dealers and carriers.

The latest 2021 revision of this report reserves the right to provide additional comments on the latest scenarios, the recession, and the impact of COVID-19 on the entire industry. It also provides high-quality information on when the industry can reconsider the goals set for the situation and the possible actions.

The report provides a detailed analysis of the major market players along with an overview of their business, expansion plans, and strategies. The main actors examined in the report include:

Human Growth Hormone (hGH) Market Segment Analysis

The study report contains certain segments by type and application. Each type provides information on products in the forecast period from 2015 to 2027. The application segment also provides consumption information for the forecast period from 2015 to 2027. Understanding the segments will help determine the importance of various factors for market growth.

The report further studies the market segmentation based on the types of products offered in the market and their end-uses/uses.

While segmenting the Market by Human Growth Hormone (hGH) Types, the Report includes:

While segmenting the Market by Human Growth Hormone (hGH) Applications, the report covers the following application areas:

Human Growth Hormone (hGH) Market Report Scope

The study analyzes the following key aspects of the business:

Leading Player Strategy Analysis: With this analysis, market participants can gain a competitive advantage over their competitors in the Human Growth Hormone (hGH) market.

Study of Key Market Trends: This section of the report provides an in-depth analysis of the recent and future trends in the Human Growth Hormone (hGH) market.

Market Forecasts: Buyers of the report will have access to accurate and validated estimates of the overall market size in terms of value and volume. The report also provides forecast of consumption, production, revenue, and other projections for the Human Growth Hormone (hGH) market.

Regional growth analysis: The report covers all major regions and countries. The regional analysis will help market participants to enter unexplored regional markets, prepare specific strategies for target regions and compare the growth of all regional markets.

Segment analysis:The report provides accurate and reliable market share forecast for key Human Growth Hormone (hGH) market segments. Market participants can use this analysis to make strategic investments in key Human Growth Hormone (hGH) market segments.

Business opportunities in the following regions and countries:

? North America (USA, Canada and Mexico)

? Europe (Germany, Great Britain, France, Italy, Russia, Spain and Benelux countries)

? Asia Pacific (China, Japan, India, Southeast Asia, and Australia)

? Latin America (Brazil, Argentina and Colombia)

How will the report help your business grow?

? This document provides statistics on the value (in USD) and size (in units) of the Human Growth Hormone (hGH) industry from 2021 to 2027.

? The report also details major competitors in the market that will have a greater impact on Human Growth Hormone (hGH)s business.

? Comprehensive understanding of the fundamental trends affecting each sector despite the greatest threat, the latest technologies and opportunities that can create a global Human Growth Hormone (hGH) market for both supply and demand.

? The report will help the client identify the key results of the major market players or rulers of the Human Growth Hormone (hGH) sector.

Visualize Human Growth Hormone (hGH) Market using Verified Market Intelligence:-

Verified Market Intelligence is our BI enabled platform for narrative storytelling of this market. VMI offers in-depth forecasted trends and accurate Insights on over 20,000+ emerging & niche markets, helping you make critical revenue impacting decisions for a brilliant future.

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Reason for Purchasing This Report:

Save and conserve time by performing entry-level research to identify the growth, size, top players, and segments in the global Human Growth Hormone (hGH) market. Highlights key business priorities to help companies rethink their business strategies. The key findings and recommendations highlight critical advanced industry trends in the Human Growth Hormone (hGH) market and enable players to develop effective long-term strategies.

About Us:Market Research IntellectMarket Research Intellect provides syndicated and customized research reports to clients from various industries and organizations with the aim of delivering customized and in-depth research studies.

Our advanced analytical research solutions, custom consulting and in-depth data analysis cover a range of industries including Energy, Technology, Manufacturing and Construction, Chemicals and Materials, Food and Beverages. Etc

Our research studies help our clients to make superior data-driven decisions, understand market forecast, capitalize on future opportunities and optimize efficiency by working as their partner to deliver accurate and valuable information without compromise.

Having serviced over 5000+ clients, we have provided reliable market research services to more than 100 Global Fortune 500 companies such as Amazon, Dell, IBM, Shell, Exxon Mobil, General Electric, Siemens, Microsoft, Sony and Hitachi.Contact us:

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Human Growth Hormone (hGH) Market Size and Forecast (2021-2027) | By Top Leading Players Ferring Holding SA, Eli Lilly and Company, Genentech, Merck...

Feb 17

Fat Tuesday, snow + Birmingham business news all rolled into one – Bham Now

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Author Irene Richardson - February 16, 2021February 16, 2021#DYK, the last time it snowed in Birmingham with any accumulation was in 2017? Photo via Matthew Niblett for Bham Now

Our MardiGras was feeling more like Mardiblah, until we woke up to a snowy wonderland this morning. Not into the whole snow thing?Well be your sunshine on this colddaykeep reading for smiles, business news, events and jobs in Birmingham.

More vaccinations for Birmingham residents. See how you can sign up to get yours.

These baby corgis I came across on Twitter. Prepare to send this video to the group chat.

A local TikToker who went viral documenting finding love the old fashioned way. Follow along with her journeyand hear some advice she gave us for dating during a pandemic.

Does your cat take some hissterical selfies? We launched a local#catcloseupchallenge of our ownwith benefits. Post the winning close up shot of your favorite feline on Bham Nows Instagram. Bham Now will donate $100 to the local cat shelter of the winners choosing. Two winners will be announced one on Instagram and one on Facebook.

Hiring? Post your job. Looking? See listings.

JOB ALERT Seeking an exciting career opportunity that encourages growth, development and upward mobility? On Tuesday, Feb. 23 at 7:30AM and Wednesday, Feb. 24 at 5:30PM, Regions Bank is hosting Branch Careers at Regions virtual career information sessions that can get your foot in the door to incredible opportunities let your retail or sales experience shine! To participate, register below. Sponsored by Regions Bank

Tuesday, Feb. 23, 7:30AM. Pre-register here. Wednesday, Feb. 24, 5:30PM. Pre-register here.

Financial Relationship Consultant @ Regions Bank. Apply.

Environmental Services Aide/Housekeeping @ Childrens Hospital. Apply.

Registered Respiratory Therapist PICU@ Childrens Hospital. Apply.

Medical Technologist Blood Bank@ Childrens Hospital. Apply.

Lactation Consultant@ Childrens Hospital. Apply.

Sr Financial Systems Analyst@ Childrens Hospital. Apply.

Feb 17

Military diet: All you need to know about the 3-day diet plan for weight loss – The Indian Express

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There are many diet plans that people follow for weight loss depending on their health and well-being. But it must be noted that what may work for one person may not necessarily work for another in a similar way. Hence, it is always important to check with a qualified nutritionist before you take on any form of diet.

One such popular diet plan that everyone has been talking about is the Military diet, which promises weight loss in just three days.

Heres what you need to know.

As per the diet, one can lose up to 4.5 kg in a single week. And unlike many other diets, it is known to be economical as it does not require expensive supplements and foods. As the name suggests, the diet plan was reportedly designed by nutritionists to help soldiers reach the right weight and shape as quickly as possible. It is also called the army diet, navy diet, and even the ice cream diet.

Heres what it consists of

One has to follow a 3-day meal plan, followed by 4 days off. During the three days, one is encouraged to eat healthily but consume fewer calories. This weekly cycle is repeated for several weeks until the ideal goal weight is reached.

The food combinations are such that it helps burn fat and kickstart the metabolism which aids weight loss. On the four off days, a normal diet of 1300-1500 calories per day is recommended consisting of lean protein and vegetables. This is low on carbohydrates.

What can you drink?

While water can be consumed as much as possible, artificial sweeteners are to be avoided. One can also have herbal teas with stevia as a sweetener.

Heres what a sample meal plan consists:

Day 1

Breakfast grapefruit, 1 slice toast, 2 tablespoons of peanut butter, and a cup of tea/coffeeLunch cup tuna, 1 slice toast, and a cup of tea or coffeeDinner 2 slices of any type of meat, 1 cup green beans, banana, 1 small apple, and 1 cup vanilla ice cream

Day 2

Breakfast 1 egg, 1 slice toast, bananaLunch 1 cup cottage cheese/ 1 slice cheddar cheese, 1 hard-boiled egg, 5 saltine crackersDinner 2 hot dogs, 1 cup broccoli, cup carrots, banana, and cup vanilla ice cream

Day 3

Breakfast 5 soda crackers, 1 slice cheddar cheese, 1 small appleLunch 1 hard-boiled egg, 1 slice toastDinner 1 cup tuna, banana, 1 cup vanilla ice creamDo not consume any snacks in between.

Vegetarians and vegans can make easy swaps with nuts, lentils, tofu, and soy/tofu dogs. Vegans can eat nut/tofu cheese instead of cheddar, plus soy ice cream and vegan cottage cheese, as per WebMD.

Do you need to exercise more?

As per slimmingsolutions.com, walking for just 20 minutes can significantly boost ones weight loss on the diet.

What are the odds?

The diet works on the principle of creating a calorie deficit which helps lose weight faster. There are not many dietary restrictions which makes it easier to follow for a small duration of time.

However, since it is based on calorie deficit, it may create nutritional deficiencies if one follows it for several weeks at a stretch. This may also lead to fatigue. So, check with your nutritionist.

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Excerpt from:
Military diet: All you need to know about the 3-day diet plan for weight loss - The Indian Express

Feb 17

7 of the Best Weight Loss Meal Plans for Women in 2021 – Healthline

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We include products we think are useful for our readers. If you buy through links on this page, we may earn a small commission. Heres our process.

There are plenty of diet programs and meal plans out there, including many designed specifically for women looking to lose weight.

However, not all meal plans are equally effective when it comes to weight loss.

In fact, although many diet plans are safe, healthy, and sustainable, others can be ineffective, hard to follow, and downright dangerous.

The meal plans featured in this article were selected based on the following criteria:

Here are 7 of the best weight loss meal plans for women.

Plant-based diets consist mostly of foods derived from plants, such as fruits, vegetables, nuts, seeds, and legumes.

Animal products are also sometimes included in small amounts, including meat, fish, poultry, eggs, and dairy.

Several studies have concluded that following a plant-based diet could be an effective strategy for helping reduce body fat (1, 2).

One review found that people who followed a plant-based diet experienced less weight gain over 4 years than those who followed other diets (3).

Additionally, eating more fruits and vegetables, both of which are key components of a plant-based diet, has also been linked to increased weight loss and decreased belly fat (4, 5).

Not only that, but some research in women found that eating more fruits and vegetables may be tied to a lower risk of obesity and weight gain (6, 7).

For more information about following a plant-based diet, check out The Plant-Based Diet for Beginners by Alice Newman.

Shop for this book here.

Low carb diets involve limiting the consumption of added sugars and foods high in carbohydrates, such as grains and starches.

Although there are various types of low carb diets available, most restrict carb consumption to less than 26% of your total daily calories (8).

A review of 17 studies found that low carb diets were more effective for short-term weight loss than low fat diets, although the difference between the two slowly decreased over time (9).

Some research also suggests that low carb diets could increase the number of calories that your body burns throughout the day, which may help support weight loss (10, 11).

Whats more, other studies have found that low carb diets may offer other benefits specifically for women, including improvements in hormone levels and menstrual regularity (12).

However, keep in mind that very low carb diets may not be a good fit for everyone, especially women with certain medical conditions or those who are pregnant or breastfeeding (13).

If you find that a very low carb diet is too restrictive or difficult to follow, you may want to consider trying a moderately low carb diet instead.

For a more in-depth look at the benefits of a low carb diet, consider reading The Art and Science of Low Carbohydrate Living by Jeff S. Volek and Stephen D. Phinney.

Shop for this book here.

WW is a popular weight loss program originally founded in the 1960s.

It uses a points-based system, which assigns foods a certain number of SmartPoints based on their nutritional value and gives users a daily budget of points to spend per day.

It also encourages regular physical activity with various workout guides specifically for women, and offers options like group workshops and personal coaching for an additional fee.

Plus, it helps teach you how to make healthier food choices, so it may be a good fit for women seeking long-term, sustainable weight loss.

Many studies have found that WW may be effective for weight loss.

One large review of 39 studies found that people who used WW for 1 year lost 2.6% more body weight than a control group (14).

Similarly, another study showed that people who followed WW for 1 year lost over twice as much weight as those who received a self-help booklet and 5 minutes of general nutrition advice (15).

Not only that, but they also maintained a greater amount of overall weight loss than the control group, even after 2 years (15).

Get started with WW here.

The Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet is an eating plan designed to help lower blood pressure levels.

The diet encourages eating fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean protein sources, while red meats and foods high in added sugar or salt are limited.

Not only has the DASH diet been shown to improve heart health, but some research suggests that it may help facilitate weight loss as well (16).

One study in 293 female nurses found that greater adherence to the DASH diet was associated with a lower risk of obesity and excess belly fat (17).

A review of 13 studies also showed that people following the DASH diet lost significantly more body weight and belly fat than a control group after 24 weeks (18).

In another study, older adults who followed a low calorie DASH diet for 12 weeks experienced a 6.3% reduction in body weight and a 2.5% decrease in body fat percentage (19).

You can read more about the DASH diet in The Complete DASH Diet for Beginners by Jennifer Koslo.

Shop for this book here.

Based on the traditional diets of countries like Spain, Greece, and Italy, the Mediterranean diet is often considered one of the healthiest eating patterns.

The diet involves eating lots of fruits, vegetables, nuts, seeds, whole grains, and healthy fats like olive oil.

As part of this diet, processed foods, sugar-sweetened beverages, red meat, and refined grains should be limited.

Several studies have found that the Mediterranean diet could help boost weight loss for women.

For example, one large study in over 32,000 people showed that greater adherence to the Mediterranean diet was tied to a lower risk of obesity and belly fat (20).

Another study in 565 people found that following the diet more closely was associated with a twofold increase in the likelihood of weight loss maintenance (21).

Whats more, one study in 248 women showed that following the Mediterranean diet was linked to having lower body fat levels (22).

If youre interested in learning more, check out The Complete Mediterranean Diet by Dr. Michael Ozner.

Shop for this book here.

Jenny Craig is a program that helps simplify weight loss by providing fully prepared meals and snacks.

Plus, certain plans offer individual coaching with a Jenny Craig consultant to help you stay on track and reach your goals.

Several studies have found that Jenny Craig could be an effective choice for weight loss.

In fact, one review of 39 studies reported that people who used Jenny Craig for 12 months experienced 4.9% greater weight loss, compared with those who received brief counseling or printed education materials (14).

In another small study, women who followed Jenny Craig lost an average of 11.8 pounds (5.3 kg) over 12 weeks (23).

Get started with Jenny Craig here.

Noom is a mobile app that helps users build healthy habits to support long-lasting, sustainable weight loss.

Although no foods are off-limits with Noom, the program focuses on foods low in calories but high in nutrients, such as fruits and vegetables.

The app also offers support from a virtual health coach, access to an extensive library of nutritious recipes, and tools to help log and track your progress.

According to one study in nearly 36,000 people, approximately 78% of participants experienced weight loss while using Noom over an average period of 9 months (24).

Another small study showed that women who used a virtual coaching program like Noom for 8 weeks experienced significant weight loss and improvements in behaviors like emotional eating (25).

Plus, Noom encourages members to eat mostly foods with a low calorie density, which has been shown to support both weight loss and fat loss (26, 27, 28).

Get started with Noom here.

There are a few factors that you should keep in mind when selecting the meal plan thats right for you.

For starters, be sure to consider your personal needs and preferences.

While some may enjoy structured diet programs, others might prefer plans that are a bit more flexible.

Certain meal plans may also require more time and effort than others, which can be an important consideration for women who might not want to measure portion sizes or track their food intake.

Be sure to avoid diets that eliminate entire food groups or are overly restrictive. Not only are these meal plans more difficult to follow long term, but they can also make it much more difficult to get all the nutrients that you need.

Finally, be sure to talk with your doctor before making any big changes to your diet. This is especially important if you have any underlying health conditions or are taking any medications.

There are a variety of meal plans for women that can help support long-term, sustainable weight loss.

When choosing a meal plan that works for you, consider your personal needs, preferences, and the amount of time and effort required.

Steer clear of overly restrictive plans and talk with your doctor before making modifications to your diet.

Read the original here:
7 of the Best Weight Loss Meal Plans for Women in 2021 - Healthline

Feb 17

Fad diet doesn’t work | | thetandd.com – The Times and Democrat

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DEAR HARRIETTE: I did one of those popular diets for the month of January, and I am so mad. I did it because I need to lose weight; sitting around at home during COVID-19 and eating whenever I want to has not helped me at all. But starving myself for a month didn't help either. My stomach was constantly upset, and I didn't even lose much weight. I did notice what my cravings are because my patterns were disrupted. But still, I'm left in the same position that I started in: I need to lose weight. What should I do? -- Need To Lose

DEAR NEED TO LOSE: Go get a physical from your doctor. Figure out the status of your health, and ask for a referral to a nutritionist. You can work with this person to assess your current eating habits and consider healthier options. You should also incorporate exercise into your daily routine. Incorporate a few modifications into your daily life, and track your success.

DEAR HARRIETTE: I feel like I don't have any friends. When I was out and about, working and socializing, it felt completely different. I was always the belle of the ball, so to speak. My work was very social, and I knew a lot of people who acted like they wanted to be around me. Now that we can't go anywhere, I realize that most of those people have disappeared. I have one girlfriend who I have talked to consistently over all these months. When I have reached out to some of the people I thought were my friends, it fell flat. Should I just let them go? I feel like such a loser. -- No Friends

The rest is here:
Fad diet doesn't work | | thetandd.com - The Times and Democrat

Feb 17

Massive National Health Study Looks to Tailor Your Diet to Your Genetic Makeup – Singularity Hub

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Like taxes and death, nutrition is something we cant escape. Eating should be easy. Yet its also massively confusing, prone to misinformation, and utterly personal.

Take competitive eaters who regularly chow down on thousands of calories without gaining weight. Compare them to people who pack on pounds just looking at a French fry. Or compare people who can tolerate any food to those who are sensitive or allergic to entire food groups. Or people who thrive on a high-fat diet like keto, to unfortunate souls whowith the same dietneed to stay close to the bathroom.

You get the idea: no one diet fits all. Yet nutrition science has long relied on averages to make dietary recommendations. From the 80s fat is bad paradigm to todays sugar is horrible trend, its always been easy to vilify one food component, without digging into how each of us interact with the foodstuff we eat.

Now, thanks to a massive new project led by the National Institutes of Health (NIH), nutrition science is about to get the precision treatment. With a price tag of $156 million, the five-year-long study will examine how 10,000 Americans process food. The program, Nutrition for Precision Health, isnt pulling punches. Each person will be given a highly controlled diet to reduce variability. Theyll then be thoroughly monitored for everything from blood sugar levels to their genes, proteins, and gut microbiome composition. Using the massive dataset, the program can then develop AI-based algorithms to predict individual responses to foods and diets.

If successful, we may soon have a scientifically-proven way of optimizing our diet and health based on our genes and gut microbes. While the culinary astronauts among us may cringe at the idea, for those with metabolic disorders or food intolerances, the algorithms are a powerful tool to aid nutritionists in prescribing diets to those who seek help.

Nutrition science has had a bit of a fuzzy reputation. But its not through any fault of its own. The field faces two major unenviable challenges: one, the results are the average of entire study populations, and two, humans hate sticking to a strict diet for long enough to get consistent results. Ever tried a 14-day diet? Now imagine doing it for five years.

As Paul Coates, vice president of the American Society of Nutrition puts it, were all free-range eaters, which mucks up the resulting data.

Thats not to say classic nutrition science hasnt had major wins. Take the Framingham Heart Study, which launched in 1948 with over 5,000 people to better understand heart and blood vessel health. The study was a first population-level triumph in linking diet to cardiovascular diseases, which remains one of the top killers today.

But to NIHs director Dr. Francis Collins, its high time to bring nutrition science into the 21st century. In May 2020, the agency released a 10-year plan to dig into the nitty-gritty of nutrition, tackling the what, when, why, and how to eat to optimize health and reduce chronic health plagues such as diabetes, obesity, and heart disease.

Its looking to be a wild ride. For example, the ambitious effort doesnt just focus on the gut. Thanks to new research showing intimate connection between the gut and the braindubbed the gut-brain connectionthe plan also embraces neuroscience as a component. Given the link between longevity and diet, itll also study the role of nutrition across our lifespans, or even how to use food as medicine.

And underlying all these fundamental questions? Personalization: how each of us responds to the food we eat.

The new program will be housed under the NIHs flagship health project, All of Us. The research program aims to recruit one million people under its banner to build a Google Earth-style database of biology, health, lifestyle, and disease. The key is individuality: forget average treatments, personalization is the future.

To Dr. Griffin Rodgers, director of the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDKK), now is the perfect time to explore precision nutrition. In a presentation last September, he laid out why. Were beginning to understand how the microbiome influences health. We can rapidly perform multi-omics studiesthat is, look at a persons whole system of genes, proteins, and metabolism. AI and machine learning make it easier to analyze these massive datasets. Finally, digital health tech, offered through smartphones or smartwatches, makes everyday health tracking simple and affordable.

The project is planned in three stages. Roughly 10,000 volunteers from All of Us will wear various monitorssimilar to Fitbitsto track their usual diets, physical activity, and blood sugar levels, creating a baseline. In the second stage, a subset of participants will regularly visit a clinic. There, theyll be given a controlled, specific meal, and be monitored for a series of biomarkers such as how their blood sugar levels change.

Another subset of volunteers will be given three different types of diets, one following another with a washout perioda breakin between. The prepared study foods will be eaten at home, so the participants can go about their daily lives.

Finally, up to 1,000 volunteers will stay at a clinic for three two-week-long holidays. Here, their three meals will be strictly controlled, and outside food not allowed. While seemingly harsh, going from free range to controlled is the gold standard for nutrition science, because it weeds out other variables.

While on the diet, all three groups will undergo a series of clinical tests, ranging from genetics and microbiome composition to blood sugar levels, metabolism, and urine. Psychology and behavior measures will also be assessed. Further on the docket are socioeconomic factors, such as zip code.

With these comprehensive measures, we are removing a lot of that noise that we had for years, created by the factors that we were not measuring before, said Dr. Jos Ordovs, a nutrition scientist at Tufts University.

As the study gathers data, on the back end, software engineers will begin building an infrastructure for storing, organizing, and searching the datasets. This library of data is then passed on to AI scientists to create models and algorithms that predict a persons individual response to a diet. Finally, another five-year period will validate those models in clinical trials.

Its not the first time a study has linked precision nutrition with AI. In 2015, an Israeli study of 800 people monitored their blood sugar levels and microbiome to parse out how individuals respond to different types of sugar intake. Using machine learning, the study built a software program to predict diets best suited for someone who is diabetic or hoping to lose weight.

But Nutrition for Precision Health is larger and far more sweeping than anything previously attempted. For now, the program is still at the planning stage, with a full launch expected in early 2023.

To Rodgers, the study isnt just about generating a wealth of data to fuel discovery science for years to come. The resulting tools, methods, and paradigm shift will have the potential to truly transform the field of nutrition science, he said.

Image Credit: bestbrk/Shutterstock.com

Feb 17

Here’s What Dieting Actually Does to Your Metabolism, According to Scientists – ScienceAlert

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When it comes to dieting, research shows the majority of people will regain some if not most of the weight they've lost.

While there are many reasons why this weight regain may happen, some popular claims online are that it's because dieting permanently wrecks your metabolism. But while it's true that dieting slows your metabolism, it also improves your metabolism in many positive ways.

When we talk about metabolism, we're typically referring to your metabolic rate. This is the number of calories your body burns at rest. Of course, the more activity we do, the more calories we burn.

In order to lose weight through dieting, you need to consume fewer calories than you're using. This forces the body to use its energy stores like fat to meet the shortfall. Your metabolic rate will also change as a result.

The loss of lean tissue (muscle) when you diet which burns around 15-25 calories per kilogram each day lowers resting metabolic rate, meaning you need fewer calories than you previously did. But the body also deliberately slows down metabolism to preserve energy stores and minimise weight loss.

When the body senses depleted fat stores it triggers adaptive thermogenesis, a process which further reduces resting metabolic rate and may stunt weight loss despite strict dieting.

Adaptive thermogenesis can kick in within three days of starting a diet, and is suggested to persist way beyond dieting even hampering weight maintenance and favouring weight regain.

One example of adaptive thermogenesis's effect was seen in a widely publicised 2016 study which looked at former contestants of US reality TV show The Biggest Loser.

It showed that participants had a significant decrease in their metabolic rate, even several years after initial weight loss. Participants needed to eat up to 500 calories less than expected daily.

Other studies have also shown metabolic slowing with weight loss, but with much smaller decreases (around 100 calories fewer a day to maintain weight). However, there's less certainty whether this slowing persists once people are weight stable.

Research seems to show that most adaptive thermogenesis happens in the actual dieting phase as a temporary response to the amount of weight being lost. Overall, we don't have conclusive evidence to support the notion that metabolic rate remains slowed over the long term (over a year post-diet).

It's worth noting many factors can affect metabolic rate, so changes to it after dieting may vary between people. For example, one study on fasting diets showed metabolic rate indeed decreases as a result but those who had the the greatest decrease in metabolic rate already had a higher metabolic rate to begin with.

Overestimaing metabolic rates at the start of a study or errors in predicting metabolic rate after weight loss could both also affect study results.

It's agreed that metabolic rate slows because of weight loss, due to both decreasing body size, and as a way of preserving key tissues and fuel reserves. But there's currently no consensus on how much it slows by.

Quantifying and predicting this slowing is something we're currently researching at the University of Surrey.

A decrease in metabolic rate is just one change that occurs with weight loss, however.

When we lose weight, the main change we see is a decrease in body fat. This decrease is actually our fat cells shrinking in size they don't actually disappear. This shrinking of fat cells signals the body's fuel stores are emptying, causing a drop in the hormone leptin.

Ordinarily leptin inhibits appetite and increases metabolic rate but when leptin levels plummet, metabolic rate slow and hunger increases.

The gut also releases fewer incretins (hormones which regulate appetite) when we lose weight, which could persist beyond dieting. Less leptin and fewer incretins may make us feel hungrier and can lead to over eating.

When fat cells shrink, they're able to take up glucose and store fat more efficiently to help restore lost fuel. Your body also creates more fat cells so that you can store more fat in the future to better cope with this calorie "crisis" the next time it happens.

But as contradictory as it sounds, all these changes actually result in a more efficient and ultimately healthier metabolism.

For example, smaller fat cells are better for our health, as over-inflated "sick" fat cells don't work as well in getting rid of surplus sugar and fat. This can lead to high levels of sugar and fat in the blood, increasing risk of insulin resistance, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease.

So dieting doesn't technically ruin your metabolism but rather improves it by helping it work better. But without care, this metabolic improvement can conspire against you to regain the weight, and even overshoot your original weight.

Studies show exercise (or simply physical activity) may be one way to prevent weight regain, by improving our ability to maintain our weight and can potentially minimise metabolic slowing. Exercise can also help regulate appetite and fuel burning in the short term, and may make weight loss more sustainable in the long term.

Adam Collins, Principal Teaching Fellow, Nutrition, University of Surrey and Aoife Egan, PhD Researcher, Mathematical Modelling of Weight-loss, University of Surrey.

This article is republished from The Conversation under a Creative Commons license. Read the original article.

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Here's What Dieting Actually Does to Your Metabolism, According to Scientists - ScienceAlert

Feb 17

One Major Effect of Drinking Diet Soda Every Day, Says Science | Eat This Not That – Eat This, Not That

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In many ways, diet soda is a healthier alternative to its sugar-filled counterpart. It's lower in added sugar and calories, both of which contribute to obesity and chronic health issues like type 2 diabetes and heart disease. However, it's still not the perfect solution. In fact, you may be better off just choosing a low-sugar soda alternative over one that's completely sugar-free.

Here's why: one of the most popular diet sodas out there, Diet Coke, uses an alternative sweetener called aspartame. The artificial sweetener has been under fire since its debut in the 1980s for its potential cancer-causing effects. While the American Cancer Society states that research around those effects is inconclusive, there may be another reason to be skeptical of the alternative sugar. (Related: 15 Underrated Weight Loss Tips That Actually Work).

According to a 2008 study published inThe Canadian Journal of Gastroenterology, people who drank aspartame-sweetened Diet Coke were more likely to experience moderate to severe fatty infiltration in their livers than those who drank non-diet sodas, including Sprite and Fanta. Why is this an issue? This infiltration can lead to a condition called, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) where fat builds up in the liver and causes cirrhosis, otherwise known as late-stage liver scarring.Cirrhosis can eventually lead to liver failure if not addressed early on.

There are other known health issues associated with the artificial sweetener typically found in diet soda. A 2017 Nutrition Reviews special article that reviewed nearly two decades worth of data on aspartame concluded that consuming aspartame in quantities even within recommended safe levels may "disrupt the oxidant/antioxidant balance, induce oxidative stress, and damage cell membrane integrity, potentially affecting a variety of cells and tissues and causing the deregulation of cellular function, ultimately leading to systemic inflammation."

Another reason not to reach for diet soda daily? One study suggests drinking just one of the artificially sweetened beverages daily was linked to an 8% higher risk of type 2 diabetes; however, the meta-analysis looked at observational studies, which can only show correlation, not causation. And another study indicated that consumption of artificially sweetened drinks was associated with a 21% percent higher risk of developing the condition in older women (again, the study showed a correlation, not causation).

At the end of the day, there is research that supports both sides of the argument on whether or diet soda is harmless or harmful for your body. Our advice? Cut down on your intake to play it safe. If you can't shake the craving, consider limiting yourself to three servings of diet soda a week and then try, eventually try to drop it down to just one serving a week.

For more, be sure to read29 Most Popular Diet SodasRanked!

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One Major Effect of Drinking Diet Soda Every Day, Says Science | Eat This Not That - Eat This, Not That

Feb 17

Join the Journey: Your brain health and your diet – The Westerly Sun

Diet

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I can imagine that the last word you want to hear about in these times of trying to stay loyal to your New Years resolutions is the D word, or diet. That said, your diet can and does play an important role in brain health. I went to ALZ.org to learn more about diet and brain health, and what I found made a great deal of sense.

You may recall from a previous installment that I mentioned that the brain and the heart are both vascular organs, so what youre doing thats good for your heart and cardiovascular system is also good for your brain. Clearly, a heart-healthy diet benefits your brain and your body.

Although there is not a huge amount of research in the area of diet and cognitive funtion, the focus appears to be on two recommended diets. Theres the D.A.S.H. Diet, or Dietary Approach to Stop Hypertension, and the Mediterrainean Diet. Both diets have been given credit for reducing heart disease, and as a result may be responsible for reducing dementia. So lets take a look at these two diets and what makes them special.

The DASH diet is known to reduce your blood pressure, which is always a good thing under any circumstances. It recommends food low in saturated fats and total fats and suggests a diet high in fruits, vegetables and low-fat dairy.

The Mediterrainean Diet is a little more complicated, as it incorporates different principles of healthy eating that are tyically found in areas bordering the Mediterranian Sea. Now for those who didnt master geography, that includes 22 countries, some of which you may have a tough time finding on a map. Youll also notice some similarities with the DASH diet, as they recommend enjoying fruits, vegetables, nuts and grains. Along with that, they recommend replacing butter with olive oil, limiting your intake of red meat (everything in moderation), use herbs for flavor instead of salt, and make it a point to consume fish and poultry at least twice a week.

Id love to be able to tell you that there was one super food or pill that we could all eat or take that would eliminate any chance that we develop dementia, but I cant, because there isnt one. Its interesting to note, however, that eating foods like fish that contain fish oil or Omega 3 have consistently shown benefits, while many of the supplements and vitamins you may have been taking have mixed results as to their effectiveness.

Theres no shortage of books out there that can cover the dos and donts of smart eating, but as always, before you begin this journey, consult with your family physician or a dietician to insure you get off on the right track. Taking the do it yourself approach to dieting can get you in trouble. Likewise be careful when it comes to supplements. Ive seen these catalogs that offers these pills that make incredible claims, e.g. Well clean out your arteries, improve your hearing, detox your liver and on and on it goes. I have seen situations where a senior was taking a certain vitamin because they were told it would help them avoid sclerosis. If 400 units a day are good, then 1,000 units has to be even better right? WRONG. They had no idea that one of the charateristics of this vitamin was that it worked as a blood thinner.

Once again, Ill refer you to the ALZ.org site for more information as well as to the AARP website (aarp.org) for more insight as well as some pretty good recipes. Im not suggesting you incorporate an entire lifestyle change here, unless of course your diet consists of white sausage gravy for breakfast, double cheeseburgers for lunch and fried chicken for dinner seven days a week. As my wife says to me ... make good choices.

Questions? Email me at repe@careforcaregivers.org. Join the Journey.

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Join the Journey: Your brain health and your diet - The Westerly Sun

Feb 17

Keto Diets Cause Scarring Of Heart Tissue And Inhibit Mitochondria Production In Rats – IFLScience

Diet

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Ketogenic diets, which forgo carbohydratesto replace them with fats, have becomeextremely popular in recent years,rising to the top as themost-searched-for diet of 2020.Whilst these diets are effective in treating epilepsy and have applications in various other diseases, the evidence for use as a tool for weight loss in healthy individuals remains disputed.

In a recent study performed on rats,researchers have suggestedthat keto diets are having a dramatic impact on peoples hearts.The results showedthe high-fat-diet-induced changes within the rats hearts, reducing the production of mitochondria and creatingscar tissue.Their work was published in the journal Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy.

The basis of ketogenic diets revolves around bringing the body into a state of ketosis through consuming mostly fats.Ketosis is a normal metabolic response that kicks in when the body doesnt have enough glucoseto ensure enough energy is provided. The liver begins turning fat molecules into ketones, which are released into the bloodstream and used as an alternative energy source.

As this process consumes fat molecules and lowers blood glucose and insulin levels, the diet has become popular amongpeople looking for weight loss.The jury is still out on whether ketogenic diets are safe andeffective for long-term weight goals,with many swearing by the success they have had and others disputing it as an alternative to traditional weight-loss methods.

In the latest piece of research, a collaboration between Fudan University, Shanghai, andSichuan University, Chengdu, the researchers delveddeeperintothe cellular impacts of ketosis on the heart. The most abundant ketone body formed during ketosis is-OHB (70 percent of all ketones), which has been thought to have multiple secondary benefits for the immune system. However, researchhas suggested that elevated -OHB is linked with poorer cardiac health, alongside variousother concerning correlations between ketosis and mortality.

The study involvedthree groups of six rats that were fed either a ketogenic diet, normal diet, or calorie-restricteddiet over a period of four months.After the four months, the rats hearts wereanalyzedto look for cellular changes between each diet. In the ketogenic group, the rats demonstrated an increase in the ketone -OHB levels and a resulting activation of the geneSirt7, inhibiting the biogenesis of mitochondria. Furthermore, when this pathway was translated to human cultured cells, it led to apoptosis (celldeath) of cardiac cells and fibrosis (scarring).

These results do not provide clear evidence that ketogenic diets damage the human heart, nor that all ketogenic diets should be stopped. Cellular and animal models were used and there is no data onthe long-term effectsof ketosis on human organs, which would require more extensive testing and clinical trials. However, it does highlight an avenue of inquiry that should be followed to ensure ketogenic diets are safe for use as a weight-loss tool. The authors call for further trialsover a longer period, but in the meantime suggest ketogenic diets should be avoided for weight loss unless required by a health condition.

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Keto Diets Cause Scarring Of Heart Tissue And Inhibit Mitochondria Production In Rats - IFLScience

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