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The neglect of male eating disorders

The lack of awareness of mens eating disorders truly bothers me and shows the overt ignorance of how body image affects young boys.

I, a cisgender female, heard and saw the same things that a lot of my peers experienced growing up. I played with the Barbie Dolls with hourglass figures. I watched Glee and Pitch Perfect, where the fat friend was the comic relief and rarely got the main love interest. I heard the insults and experienced the bullying that came with being an overweight, African American girl. I suffered from an eating disorder, where I wouldnt eat, to ensure that I would start losing weight and go down a dress size or two.

I got tired of shopping in the womens section when I was still a little girl. At a certain point in my life, my body image actively reflected my self-worth. Then studies were publicized that focused on an increase in self-harm and eating disorders in young girls due to the lack of realistic body types in the mainstream media. It became a regular thing to talk about girls body image, the negative effects of photo editing and how the supermodel body often came at a cost. And I felt liberated. I felt heard.

But theres a neglected population who experiences the same struggle-men. They experience the same social pressures to fit a certain body type in order to get the girl. They feel the need to look a certain way to fit into society. Except the main goal isnt always to lose weight, but to also gain muscle. How does this not receive the same amount of attention and intervention?

Boys often suffer from reverse anorexia or bigorexia, a disorder with all the psychological features of anorexia, except theyre pushing it in the opposite direction. In boys, mannerisms of eating disorders appear like girls, such as rigid eating rituals, avoiding situations that involve food, having unusual behaviors around food (cutting food into small pieces, pushing food around the plate) or constantly critiquing their physical appearance.

Oftentimes, habits that are harmful to boys can hide in plain sight. According to the Child Mind Institute, behaviors such as excessive exercise and binge eating are considered expected and accepted behavior for males in western society.

From 1999-2009, hospitalizations involving eating disorders for male patients increased by 53%, according to the National Eating Disorders Association (NEDA). In 2007, men made up 25% of individuals with anorexia nervosa, 36% with binge eating disorder and 25% with bulimia nervosa. A 2014 study found that men suffering from subclinical eating disordered behaviors were almost as common as women. Subclinical behaviors include binge eating, purging, fasting and taking laxatives.

This silent epidemic has long-lasting psychological and physical effects. My main concern lies in the lack of media coverage and societal acceptance of conversation about this harmful practice in boys and men. It seems hypocritical, to be honest, to preach and call for open communication and acceptance, but to only focus this accepting ideal on one facet of our population.

From what Ive seen in recent years, weve accepted women who are labeled as overweight and curvy, they get the male love interest with the socially accepted body type. We view their union as loving and accepting herself and realizing her value. But on the flipside, if a man is labeled as overweight or not of a muscular stature, and desires a skinny, supermodel type, hes batting out of his league.

The next step is to take action.

There are several organizations that provide helplines with eating disorders, both virtually and through phone hotlines. One website, 18percent.org, provides a support community for mental health including eating disorders. Simply go to their website and sign up with your email address and you will receive an invitation to their Slack community. Another virtual option is through the Alliance of Eating Disorders Awareness. This organization has Zoom meetings for support groups, as well as in-person options.

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The afflicted and ignored The Hawk Newspaper - The Hawk

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Consumer tech journalist Jennifer Jolly talks about apps and tech products that help her maintain her fitness and overall health. USA TODAY

More than 50% of Americans made the same New Year's resolution this year to do more exercise and improve their fitness according to a recent poll by international data and analytics group YouGov. By the second week of February though some 80% of us give up, and go right back to bad habits and old excuses.

My longtime go-to: Tomorrow, Ill exercise tomorrow.

Sound familiar? Yeah, it did for me too until I spent the last few months trying out more than 20 different fitness apps and gadgets. I used each one at least three times, adoring some, abhorring others.

Within the first week, some clear patterns emerged. Todays top exercise apps and gadgets are not one size fits all and the best ones available reflect that.

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The bright and bubbly Instagram-inspired app my 19-year old daughter uses stands in stark contrast to the no-nonsense austere aesthetics of the one my bike-riding buddy swears by. And both of those are dramatically different from the apps my yoga-loving husband or CrossFit fanatic sister-in-law now use most days of the week no matter what.

Consumer tech journalist Jennifer Jolly with the Freeletics app, which uses artificial intelligence to personalize fitness.(Photo: Roddy Blelloch, Special to USA TODAY)

As fitness apps evolve, so does their ability to tap into what motivates you you in particular to stick with them. For some people forking out the yearly membership up front is enough to keep them committed. But for the rest of us, accountability comes in many different forms, from tapping into a social network to the latest human-modeled artificial intelligence-based mindset coaching.

Heres a few examples of whats happening at the intersection of tech and fitnessto motivate, inspire, and up your stick-to-itiveness for good.

Freeletics (iOS, Android), is one of the newest fitness app entries to the U.S. market using a powerful blend of AI, psychology, and sport science to make it feel like you have a personal trainer in your pocket.

I have to admit though, it was not love at first tap for me and the newly updated app, but rather a slow burn that turned into absolute obsession (in a good way). Oh sure, its the most popular personalized AI-based fitness app in the world, with more than 50 million users in 175 countries globally. But its still relatively new to the U.S., and I think a little of its magic was lost in translation until I really figured it all out.

The app offers more than 300 different exercises and1 trillion possible workout combinations, according to a company fact sheet, tailored for everyone from beginners to elite athletes. You pick how much time you have and what you want to work on strength, general fitness, weight loss, etc. and whether you want to integrate equipment like barbells or jump ropes, or stick with body-weight only moves. Audio and video guides provide step-by-step sequences for your workouts, and theyre easy to follow.

The Freeletics app, available for iOS and Android, uses artificial intelligence, psychology, and sport science to act as your personal trainer in your pocket.(Photo: Freeletics)

Most of the sessions involve some form of high intensity interval training (HIIT). An average 20-minute workout might include a handful of exercises you complete three times total, such as squats, burpees, sit-ups, planks and push-ups. The AI coach learns from your feedback, so be honest. Thats how it gets really good.

You can do a limited free version, but the subscriptions programs which start around $2.69 a month are worth checking out for the near psychic-level of personalization it offers.

I have it set up to use three times a week, for 20 minutes at a time. Whenever I tap the app though, I can adjust workouts based on how my achy knee or sore shoulder feels that day, and work it into my already solid trail running routine. It took just two weeks to see and feel tailored results.

I have had this experience before with a $100/hour personal trainer. To get it now from an app is a really pleasant surprise.

We want to give (people)the right plan and guidance to reach their goals, on their terms, and ultimately lead to a long-term behavior change so they can continue leading that lifestyle for the rest of their lives, Freeletics CEO Daniel Sobhani wrote to me in an email.

Most of us have a favorite teacher from some point of our lives who seemed to speak to our soul in a way that made us want to be our best selves. Like Oprah. That same concept goes for the latest fitness app luminaries, streaming hours of inspiration onto a screen near you.

Ally Love hosts Pelotons Sundays with Love sessions in a way that helps build a community around fitness.(Photo: Peloton)

Two people I found at the start of our shelter-in-place days who do this for me now are BODY by Blogilates' Cassey Ho, and Pelotons Sundays with Love host Ally Love. Their classes are perfect for all the right reasons you sweat (and swear) and get an amazing full body workout. But the extra ingredient is their ability to connect with you in a way that feels supportive and dare I say, spiritual? Its kind of like going to church, but not in a particularly religious kind of way.

Going through a tough experience with someone is a lot less painful than doing it alone, Ho wrote in an email when I asked her advice on this whole topic. She says workout buddies can be a big key to success, but accountability and support doesnt have to come from anyone you actually know in real life.

Your workout buddy can be a friend you met on Instagram. Being able to share an accomplishment with someone who gets it, and makes you feel proud of your hard work. Genuine support is what you should be seeking, she wrote.

The BODY by Blogilates app has challenges and programs to keep you motivated.(Photo: BODY by Blogilates)

For me in this case, Ho is the workout buddy shes talking about. She makes sense of the world and adds a touch of empathy to her instruction that goes beyond bending my body around on the floor.

Every person whos in a long-term, committed relationship with an exercise app says the same thing. They feel part of a tribe, a movement, a group who just gets them. Its a powerful pull in these pandemic times.

Even my 76-year old Mom is in on the trend. I use the free YouTube workouts from HASfit. Its perfect for me. I found it by Googling exercises for seniors.

HASfit stands for heart and soul fitness according to its website. When I ask my Mom if she belongs to #HASfitTRIBE, she says, tribes are very in these days, arent they? But Im not on Instagram, so I guess Im not in the club.

People are really looking for a place to belong, to be accountable, and to become healthy more easily from their own home, Katy Neville, lead trainer for new fitness/wellness app cure.fit, told me over the phone.

The cure.fit app has fitness classes for dance, yoga and strength training, as well as meditation and nutrition offerings.(Photo: cure.fit)

Most new apps let you try them for free for anywhere from a week to a month, then charge a subscription fee after that (cure.fit gives you a free seven-day trial, then $6.25 monthly or $74.99 annually). Its actually fun to take a bunch of them for a test-drive first. Like me, youll see patterns emerge as to what actually works best for you.

Whats your why? Thats what you have to ask yourself first and figure out before you spend money or make a commitment that doesnt actually work for you, Neville said. Do you want to run a 10K, get leaner arms and abs before summer, or lose that quarantine-15 weight youve put on since the pandemic started?

Theres now an app thats perfect for everyone, but they are not one-size fits all. Its a slippery slope, Neville said. Most important of all, dont be too hard on yourself.Weve all been through enough. And yes wellness is becoming easier to do from home, but that doesnt mean we should get harder on ourselves.

The other big insight here revolves around what keeps you coming back for more, and its hard to find a better example than Peloton.

I was one of the earliest reviewers of the connected bike back in 2015, and have used it a few times a week ever since then. This kind of addictive adoption is unheard of in the world of at-home fitness equipment and offers several key ingredients to the secret sauce of stick-to-itiveness: Peloton provides connection, community, competition, and camaraderie, in a way that actually works for real people in our very real lives.

You feel like you know the instructors and like theyre speaking directly to you. Sometimes, they actually are speaking directly to you.

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Peloton is the biggest name in the world of exercise bikes, with sales of the trendy bikes surging 172% in the fourth quarter of 2020 alone.(Photo: Peloton)

"I see you Jenn J. in Northern California! Keep your cadence up, you're doing great! Go, go, GOOOOO," is still one of my all time favorite shout-outs from my spiritual spin-sister Christine M D'Ercole.

As long as you can afford it, of course. Peloton bikes cost $1,895, and treadmills run $2,495, plus $39 a month for the membership to all of the classes.

Peloton does offer a wide array of classes beyond the bike or treadmill, including strength training, yoga, meditation, and more. You can use their app for free for 30-days, then its $12.99 a month after that.

Don't be afraid to experiment and explore because among all the apps and online instructors out there, there's likely a perfect fit for you.

Jennifer Jolly is an Emmy Award-winning consumer tech columnist and host of USA TODAY's digital video show TECHNOW. Email her atjj@techish.com. Follow her on Twitter:@JenniferJolly.

The views and opinions expressed in this column are the authors and do not necessarily reflect those of USA TODAY.

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Finding fitness apps, online instructors to connect with can keep you on track during COVID-19 pandemic - USA TODAY

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Physical activity practices evolved with the new normal. With the gyms closed, online gymnastics, outdoor exercise, among other ways to stay in shape, began. In 2021, it is possible that many of the changes of 2020 in this area, will become normal. More people will be physically active at home instead of going to a gym with many people.

For sports performance and physical education expert, Samantha Clayton, the focus will be on good psychophysical fitness and the increase in technological tools that help us boost routines, both at home, at work or during a trip.

Last year, the popularity of subscription and on-demand exercise programs skyrocketed and will continue to grow in 2021. In addition to the ease and accessibility they offer to exercise anytime, anywhere, many also developed a user base dedicated that created virtual communities to provide support and motivation to its members, commented Clayton.

Also, for the expert, the rise of subscription-based exercise programs will continue this year with a greater variety of types of classes, content and more personalized options according to the specific interests and objectives of lovers of physical activity. Demand for home fitness equipment was higher than ever in 2020. Some companies saw a significant increase in sales and delays in ordering fitness equipment were frequent last year. Demand is likely to continue throughout 2021.

This could be more than a passing trend. Nor is it necessary to spend a fortune on equipment; many people were extremely innovative and creative, and they used items that they had at home to improve their exercise routine or incorporated new movements into housework, said the expert.

Since many people still work from home, they have more and more free time and are bored. The stress of being indoors causes many people to do physical activity in contact with nature to take a much-needed mental break.

Outdoor activities like walking or running, with app-assisted programs, are becoming increasingly popular and will continue to set the trend this new year, added Clayton. Among the outdoor activities that became popular is skating. Not only is this a great physical activity for your legs and glutes, its fun too! Skates are a highly sought-after item, and manufacturers are reportedly struggling to meet overwhelming demand with limited products, high sales rates and large backorders, explained the sports performance expert.

In the wake of the Pandemic and its effects on peoples mental health, yoga and meditation are increasingly being chosen to strengthen the body and mind. Many wellness apps and classes were also created for this.

Staying in shape also means maintaining a good frame of mind and finding ways to relax, breathe, and avoid stress. We all want 2021 to be a year full of hope and with many options to stay in shape, perhaps it will be an incredible year of exercise, concluded Clayton.

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Physical Fitness at Home and Outdoors Will be the Trend This Year - The Costa Rica News

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Though we are in the midst of winter and snowstorms a plenty, we can't help but begin to dream about Summer! Whether you are at a local community pool, at a residential home pool or traveling and enjoy a pool somewhere else,summer and swimming pools go hand in hand. Here are some reasons why going to the pool and swimming in the summer is so great!

1. It's great exercise

If you've been cooped up too long indoors or your muscles have grown stiff from the winter and you are aching to get moving again, there's no better way to become more active than swimming at the pool. Swimming is a great way to lengthen the body, stretch muscles and improveflexibilityas well as improve cardio endurance. It is also a calorie torcher and is a full body workout--a 160 pound person can burn approximately 423 calories an hour swimming at a low or moderate pace, or 715 calories at a more vigorous pace, whereas walking at 3.5 miles an hour for 60 minutes may result in only 314 calories burned.* For kids, once they learn to swim they can also benefit from a more active lifestyle while being able to safely have fun at any pool party or vacation by the water!*Calories burned may vary from person to person

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2. Time at the pool builds social skills for both kids and adults

With increased time spent indoors and time sitting in front of computers for remote learning or remote working, our ability to use and learn social cues from others is highly diminished, as well as being limited to gatherings indoors. When virtual meetings do not have video, or if classes are more instruction based than interactive, adults and children alike exercise less and less of their social skills to communicate andpick up on facial expressions. Teamwork and communication skills can be negatively affected due to lack of meaningful social interaction. Spending time at the pool with family and friends not only allows for more active family bonding time, but also allows for safe outdoor social interactions while having lots fun making memories together. When you are at a community pool, you are surrounded by fellow swimmers and swim classes--surrounding yourself with people and engaging in social interaction is a great way to boost overall well-being and confidence. Parents and adults are able to see others in their community and bond, while children are able to see or make new friends--every new interaction with their peers helps them improve language, social skills, teamwork, compromise, coping with different emotions and more that at-home family interactions may not provide.

3. It is for everybody (mostly)

Swimming is an activity and sport that is neutral and low impact on its participant, with great health benefits that improve mobility, flexibility, physical strength and more. Regardless of your age, the exercise benefits from swimming can be reaped by all and is good for any fitness level. You can use it as your workout or to rehabilitate from injury, because the water resistance helps to strengthen muscles and joints without the harsh impact from landing on your feet on the ground. The pool is a safe place that most can dive into and enjoy!

4.Good for the mind too

In addition to allowing you to exercise social skills, the act of swimming and being in and around the pool has meditative, relaxing effects on the mind and body. As one may experience a "runner's high" from the adrenaline and endorphins released during a run or cycle session, the "swimmer's high" is the same when swimming through a pool. The repetitive process in swimming laps has a continuous stretching and strengthening affect and helps individuals to clear the mind and improve focus. Water also provides people with emotions of renewal and clarity. Not to mention, just being by the pool on a beautiful day, relaxing in a chair with your favorite book can be a great stress-reliever too!

5. Sleep Better

Studies show that regular aerobic exercise improves the quality of sleep in adults and older adults with insomnia--aerobic exercise includes swimming, cycling, running, using an elliptical or Stairmaster, and more.In a study with older adults with insomnia, participants reported having better quality of life and improved sleep after regular exercise sessions. If you're looking to catch a more restful sleep, swimming is an easily accessible, low impact way to catch those Z's.

6. It's Affordable (Usually)

Many clubs and community pools offer discounted rates for memberships. Your employer or school may have a partnership with a local fitness club with a pool, or may offer reimbursements for joining a fitness program, so check with your employer or health insurance. At the Berkeley Heights Community Pool at the YMCA, active YMCA memberships (including families with active Youth Memberships) can get discounted rates for their BHCP memberships! Additionally,take advantage of ourEarly Bird Savings offer to save even more by registering by February 28, 2021!

Register for a membership at Berkeley Heights Community Pool at the YMCA at http://www.thesay.org/bhcp

Register Now

Look forward to warm summer days with endless poolside fun with friends and family with the YMCA--enjoy the indoor pool at the Summit YMCA or the outdoor pool at the Berkeley Heights YMCA. Join us today and enjoy a $0 joining fee and begin enjoying a variety of fitness options including group fitness classes, virtual fitness classes, swimming, sports and more!

To join, visit http://www.thesay.org/join

Join Today

Because we believe every individual deserves the opportunity to access our programs and services to learn, grow and thrive, The Summit Area YMCA also provides financial assistance for individuals and families in need for membership, programs, classes, child care, summer camp and more. Learn more about our Financial Assistance program at http://www.thesay.org/fa

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About the Summit Area YMCAThe Summit Area YMCA is one of the areas leading 501(c)(3) charitable organizations. Founded in 1886, the Summit Area YMCA has a history steeped in working side-by-side with our neighbors to ensure that everyone, regardless of age, income and background, has the opportunity to learn, grow and thrive. Each year, we serve over 15,000 individuals with our free and fee-based programs and services in an area spanning the communities of Berkeley Heights, Gillette, Millburn, New Providence, Short Hills, Springfield, Stirling and Summit. Through the generosity of our members, donors, and partners, we are able to offer financial assistance for our programs and services to those with demonstrated need.

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6 Great Reasons to Go to the Pool this Summer - TAPinto.net

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Get to know Dawn Lucowitz, who is one of the Plant City Family YMCAs most well-known fitness coaches and so much more.

Dawn Lucowitz is known widely throughout the community as a fitness enthusiast, but she began her journey at the YMCA. She has a spunky, fun and energetic personality that will be sure to make an impact on your life!

Lucowitz has been interconnected to sports and fitness most of her life and played collegiate basketball and lacrosse, eventually becoming a dual-sport Division I Hall of Fame athlete. She moved to Plant City in July 2018, unsure of what she wanted to do and even more unsure of where to begin. Not knowing anyone was a struggle so she sought help from a close friend who challenged her to visit gyms in the surrounding area to see what they had to offer, both personally and professionally.

I wanted to get to know Plant City and the YMCA ended up being the perfect place for me, Lucowitz said.

She thought she was coming to join as a member but soon realized there was so much more she wanted to be a part of. She felt an instant connection.

The second I walked in the door, I knew I could hang out with these people, she said.

Lucowitz started working as a wellness coach at the Plant City YMCA in June 2019. She wanted to utilize her Group Exercise Certification but had also just become a personal trainer and needed a place to help her get started.

I wanted a place that I knew was going to foster my desire to teach and let me grow, but mentor and teach me at the same time, Lucowitz said.

She moved on to teaching classes varying from step to HIIT while building her personal training clientele. She developed a passion for group fitness and discovered a love for one-on-one training, especially with the senior population. Years before working with the Y, Lucowitz worked in a geriatric rehab facility as a social worker. This prior experience helped feed and grow that desire to help seniors become more confident, physically and mentally, through personal training.

A few months later, Lucowitz became one of the Ys certified LiveStrong coaches to help those affected by cancer to participate in physical and social activities with a safe, supportive environment. After that, she stepped up to the plate by becoming certified to teach Enhance Fitness, which is a proven senior fitness and arthritis management program that improves endurance, strength, balance and flexibility.

Because I had a lot of flexibility in my schedule, I was forced into teaching and trying new things I never would have done before had I not had the time, she said. Any new job you take, you have a little bit of that imposter syndrome. Its having that job opportunity to be reminded, encouraged and pushed but also have people who are going to give you the right feedback you need to grow and be better next time.

Today, Lucowitz is not only a part of the Y but also a member of Toastmasters, the Greater Plant City Chamber of Commerce and Master Networker.

For someone who is new and looking to get connected in their community, Lucowitz advised, If you are looking to get connected and health is a priority, the Y is a great place because, yes, we have group exercise classes, machines, the pool and programs for every age group. But you get a community, added support and the ability to relate to people of every age group. Its multigenerational and Im connected to so many more people than I could imagine because the culture at the Y fosters relationships.

You can see what the Y has to offer and meet Lucowitz for yourself. Stop by the Plant City Family YMCA, 1507 YMCA Place, call 813-757-6677 or visit https://www.tampaymca.org/locations/plant-city-family-ymca.

Hannah Franklin is the Wellness Director at the Plant City Family YMCA.

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Focus on Fitness: Somewhere to belong - Plant City Observer

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Mason Bultje 18 talks about majoring in Exercise Physiology and playing tennis at Gustavus, assisting Minneapolis children and youth through nonprofit InnerCity Tennis, and his experience as a young Black man both on and off the Hill.

Season 8, Episode 1: Service and Tennis

Greg Kaster:

Hello and welcome to Learning for Life @ Gustavus, the podcast about people teaching and learning at Gustavus Adolphus College, and the myriad ways that Gustavus liberal arts education provides a lasting foundation for lives of fulfillment and purpose. Im your host Greg Kaster, faculty member in the Department of History.

For a lot of us, I suspect the sport we most associate with inner city youth is basketball. And for those of us living in Minnesota, the year-round indoor-outdoor sport that comes first to mind is most likely hockey. Which is why for people unfamiliar with it as I was, the Minneapolis organization, InnerCity Tennis may come as a surprise.

With origin stating to the 1950s, InnerCity Tennis or ICT has contributed importantly to the development of tens of thousands of children and youth. One person at the center of that work today is ICT junior development coach, Mason Bultje. Mason is a 2018 graduate of Gustavus where he majored in exercise physiology and played tennis, earning all-conference honors and singles and doubles his senior year.

In keeping with the values of Gustavus and reflecting his own experience in the summer Tennis and Life Camps there, Mason has his profile on the ICT website states has A passion for working with underprivileged youth and players of all abilities. Since first learning about mason and his work from a faculty colleague, Ive been looking forward to speaking with him and Im delighted now to welcome to the podcast. Mason, its great to have you.

Mason Bultje:

Yeah. Thanks for having me. Im really excited to be here. Appreciate it.

Greg Kaster:

Thanks. Yeah, youre quite welcome. So I want to mention that faculty colleague is Professor Jill Locke, a friend and a member of the political science department. I gather you helped her maybe as a trainer or something like that and she mentioned you to me because you and I hadnt met before. I was intrigued by what she was saying about your work in InnerCity Tennis. So grateful to her for that connection and also for even suggesting some of the questions that Ill probably be posing, not probably, will be posing today. So how are things going right now? Is InnerCity Tennis up and running even amid the COVID pandemic?

Mason Bultje:

Yeah. Our facility in South Minneapolis where we have people come in and play tennis, we call it our pay-to-play programs, whether its adults or youth, that has been running through most of this year, but when Governor Walz shut things down kind of around Thanksgiving time, that facility closed to the public. But Im heavily involved with tennis and learning program. So its part of our outreach programs where we work with underserved youth and were helping them with their distance learning at this time.

So a lot of the kids that we are working with, I think over 75% of them are on free and reduced lunch. So they dont have the resources to stick to their distance learning at home. So they come into one of our two sites and we have coaches that help them throughout the day make sure they attend their meetings that theyre turning in their work, turning in quality work as well as give them some physical activity where we play tennis as well, and its just been so fulfilling seeing kids being able to safely see their friends and stick to their schoolwork.

There have been times where students dont attend for a couple days and they come back with 15 assignments to do. And then next week, we chip away at it. We get them caught up. So its just very fulfilling work knowing that we are providing these kids with an opportunity to receive their education when they likely wouldnt be able to if they were at home because mom might be working and dad is working multiple jobs as well or limited internet access at home.

So theres certain barriers that our kids face that our program is there to really support them as much as we can. I think for me, the number one thing is getting these kids an education and keeping them safe. And if we can play tennis and have some fun on top of that, thats the icing on the cake. But the number one thing is fulfilling the needs for for these students outside the campus.

Greg Kaster:

Its great to hear this for a lot of reasons, but one of them for me is as you alluded to, we read a lot about how difficult, how the distance learning is difficult. Its difficult even for people who are privileged, but certainly for people who maybe one or both parents have to work and they maybe dont have the internet resources, et cetera. So its nice to hear some stories about organizations like yours that clearly werent werent founded with COVID or any pandemic in mind, obviously, but are doing that kind of good work. I think its important to get those stories recorded and remember them. Well come back to your work there later. So tell us a little bit about where you grew up first of all and how you came to Gustavus.

Mason Bultje:

Yeah. So I was born and raised in Mankato. So not too far away at all. I grew up just very close to Gustavus and Id come to campus for different things like pep band or I was very involved in music in high school so I did some choir concerts there as well as the Swanson Tennis Center going to play different high school matches or tournaments. So I was just around. Im very close with my family in Mankato, and so when I was thinking about going to college, there were a couple things I knew I wanted to stay pretty close to home and then tennis was a big part of who I was and still who I am to this day.

So I kind of was looking at how I could make those things match up and I realized at some point, that I wasnt good enough to play for the Gophers. So the next school on the list was Gustavus and I went and visited the summer before my senior year of high school and just instantly felt at home on campus. Actually Gustavus was the only school I applied to, which I wouldnt recommend, but it was pretty academically rigorous in high school. So I was pretty confident about getting in and then it was just a matter of making things work financially, and just figured it out. And by, I want to say, October my senior year of high school, I knew I was going to be a Gusty and never looked back since.

Greg Kaster:

Thats great. Well, were glad thats the case and I was going to ask you if you had applied to any other schools like Minnesota State or the University of Minnesota. Im not technically, I guess, a first-generation college student. My dad didnt go to college. My mom went to a two-year teachers college, but Im just curious, do you fall into that category of first generation college student or did your parents both attend college? Maybe they even went to Gustavus. I dont know. Sometimes theres a family connection.

Mason Bultje:

Yeah. Im actually kind of the further end of that spectrum there. My mom is really who pushed me, not necessarily even pushed me, but inspired me to pursue an education. She got her doctorate while being a single mother raising four kids, and Im the oldest. I dont want to say, I guess I picked up the slack, but I was very involved in helping out and I just saw the sacrifices that she made to pursue her education. She really taught me that education is something thats really worth investing in. Its something that people cannot take away from you.

Financially Gustavus, the sticker price was pretty scary, but she encouraged me like, Well figure it out. No one will ever take away your education from you. But she actually did work with first generation college students. So I also know the challenges that they face just from talking to her about her work. So its kind of an interesting perspective that I got from her growing up.

Greg Kaster:

Sure. Obviously, youre still drawn on your current work. Whats her field? What is she working or what does she work in?

Mason Bultje:

Yeah. She has her PhD in psychology.

Greg Kaster:

Oh, wow. Thats fantastic.

Mason Bultje:

Yeah.

Greg Kaster:

My dad who as I said didnt go to college grew up in Chicago and then went into World War II, the Army, became a hairdresser. His dad had been a barber. Anyway, my dad just valued education so much and just exactly like your mom was saying all of those things to me and to my brother, one of the sibling. Man, Im so grateful. As I know you are to your mom, because its amazing to me how many people still discount education, generally, but also a college education that its not worth it. Well, I can be an entrepreneur without it.

No, its worth it, and your mom is so right, it can never be taken away from you. It repays in so many ways not just in monetary ways, obviously. And youre an example of that. Well get into that. So thats a neat story. So how about the major? You end up majoring in exercise physiology. I mean, I didnt even hear of that until, I dont know, maybe when I was in graduate school. But what led you into that area?

Mason Bultje:

Yeah, I think this part of my story is pretty similar to a lot of students. I came in thinking I was pre-med. For my first year, I really did load up my schedule quite a bit. I didnt necessarily help myself out there, but taking the bios and chems, and everything my first year. And its kind of found like I like studying the human body and I like the application of knowing more about how muscles work and how the different systems of the body work.

I just remember theres a moment in the library where I was sitting there like, Okay, I probably could get through this. I probably could get to medical school someday, but I dont like this. This isnt very fun. So I literally went on the website and just looked at other majors and classes that I kind of What field am I sort of in, but its different than this. Im sick of talking about plants right now.

So I actually had a lot of a lot of pre-reqs for physical therapy. And actually part of my story thats interesting is that my first year at Gustavus, I had wrist problems. I was playing tennis and right away in February on touring week, my wrist was really hurting and I didnt know what was going on and I had to jump through a bunch of different hoops at one point. They diagnosed me with this rare disease and I thought my wrist was going to shatter.

So through that process, I end up in the doctors office with my mom. Shes like, Yeah, you might have to do physical therapy. I could see you being good at that. Wait a minute. I already have a lot of the classes for it. Its about the human body. Youre really helping people. So I looked into it a little bit more and I really liked the sound of going the pre-PT route and I thought that Its actually the health fitness major at the time. They switched it to exercise physiology, while I was in the program.

The classes stayed essentially the same. They just changed the title of the major, which I approve of. I think exercise physiology sounds a lot better than health fitness. So then I pivoted to that route and actually was able to jump a year ahead in my major. So I finished up pretty much all of my exercise physiology classes by my junior year.

Greg Kaster:

Wow.

Mason Bultje:

My senior year was very lax and allowed me to shadow for PT, which I can get into a little bit more [crosstalk 00:12:25].

Greg Kaster:

Yeah, Id like to hear more about that. Thats awesome. So regular listeners know how much I love these stories because its often the case. Maybe its probably most often the case that students really dont know. Or lets put it this way, they may think they know what theyre going to do, what they want to be. And boy, if I only had a dollar or maybe $10 for every student who wants to be a doctor at least through the end of the first semester until the low grades start coming in. Its so interesting, the way you found that major and also the personal connection. I didnt know about the wrist injuries. I assume you overcame those because you continued to play tennis.

Mason Bultje:

Yeah. Eventually, I actually had two surgeries in three years though. So the first one didnt quite get it. So it taught me some lessons about perseverance through that. But Im all fixed now. Im good to go, but it was a bumpy start to my tennis career, no doubt.

Greg Kaster:

Yeah. And you had mentioned youd come to Gustavus having played in high school, so you already had a love of the game. What are some of the memories you have of Gustavus? I know we want to talk about the Tennis and Life camp there and then we maybe set that aside for just a second, but that aside, what are some of the memories, good, bad and ugly and you were a student of student of color there as well, if you want to talk about that. But what are some of the memories you have of the place? Im asking partly because youre two years out, so its not going to be that hard to recollect.

Mason Bultje:

Yeah. Its still fresh. I still think about what Im missing out as a full grown adult now every day. I think a lot of my memories really are wrapped around the tennis team and the camaraderie that I had with my teammates, whether thats on the court or off the court just thinking about going to practice and then going to the trainers and going to the caf. Everyones sitting around the table together and then 30 minutes later after everyone showers up and meet up in the library again.

Youre closing it down, going back to your dorm and doing it all over again. Just the time management skills that I learned from being an athlete at Gustavus. Id also say, I mean theres a lot of camaraderie obviously between the tennis team, but just athletes in general, theres just a really supportive community being an athlete. All the different sports, I feel like we all connected and support each other very well. So thats thats very central to a lot of the memories that I have.

Just being neighbors with your best friends for four years is a very unique experience. I know that living on campus a lot of people complain about it, and theyre warranted. But I do think that you can also look at it in a positive way, and that youll never have more access to being around your classmates and your friends in the way that you are when youre just down the hall and new.

Greg Kaster:

Yeah. I completely agree. And just to underscore what you said about athletes at Gustavus, Ive said this before both on the podcast and off, but over the years, Ive taught like like other profs taught, many athletes in all different areas women and men, and in general, yes, what you mentioned learning time management and having the self-discipline thats necessary to succeed in your particular sport also translates nicely into your academic work, right? At least in my experience. So I can relate. And I also can relate to what you just said about being on campus.

I mean, I guess as an undergraduate, I went to Northern Illinois University in DeKalb, where by the way I have a memory of playing tennis not as a team member, but I think maybe as what was then called physical education, PE requirement. I wasnt very good at it. But what I remember is when I lived off campus, it was really kind of on campus. It was a house called the foreign language house and it wasnt far off campus at all. I suppose like most most off-campus housing.

But man, the friendships there, the camaraderie. We still have reunions. Theres one coming up in January as a matter of fact which I hope to attend, finally. Anyway, so I can completely relate to what youre saying and just certainly want to underscore what you said about athletics and the way it connects to self-discipline and success beyond the particular sport one is involved in.

So as a student of color, what was that like? I mean, the place is overwhelmingly white like most college campuses. I mean, thats just a fact. Was that something that you felt you were aware of or not?

Mason Bultje:

Yeah. Very much so. I think for me college was sort of a great awakening if you will for me with my own identity, with my standing in the world socially. I think in high school Mankato was very, very white as well. Although you have a pretty good immigrant population from East Africa. But as far as like who was in my social circle and who was in the classes that I was in, AP classes and everything, its very white. So that was very normal to me.

So on the hill at Gustavus, I felt great. I didnt feel black so to say. Obviously, I am and I knew that, but it didnt feel as much of an anomaly as when I went down the hill. Being completely honest, I had a pretty tough time in St. Peter. I think that for me, it actually was really interesting that I didnt realize how bad it was in the world as a black man until I went to Gustavus, until I experienced the absence of that feeling while I was on the hill.

It just felt normal I guess just to always feel black, just to always feel kind of the eyes on you. Always feel like people are suspicious of you. Once I went to Gustavus, I finally felt that feeling be removed, but then at the same time when Id go to Family Fresh, Id feel it 10 times more than I would-

Greg Kaster:

In the grocery store, yeah.

Mason Bultje:

Yeah.

Greg Kaster:

Thats all fascinating to me. Quite fascinating and important. Boy, youre reminding me long ago, maybe even before you were born, the grocery store, I think it was called Ericksons. Anyway the grocery store in town on Halloween, my wife Kate who then taught in history, and I went down to do our shopping and there was a cashier in blackface. A white woman dressed up as a mammy for her Halloween costume. We were stunned. We shouldnt have been.

The woman clearly took great pride in her costume. My wife, Kate who doesnt hold back in the face of something like that, she spoke to the manager. And long story short, I mean, oh goodness, the woman was so upset. She had to get rid of the costume. Sort of to her, it was nothing at all, but to then African-American students seeing that and some white people as well, it was like, What in the hell? So thats just so interesting to me. It felt different in Mankato because Mankato is just more diverse. Growing up in Mankato, you didnt have those kinds of experiences you had here?

Mason Bultje:

I would not say that. I would say when I grew up in Mankato, it was just normal because I didnt know anything different.

Greg Kaster:

Okay. Got you.

Mason Bultje:

It was happening, but that was just the norm. Then when I went to Gustavus and I felt that stopped for a little bit. Thats when I realized like, Wow, this is what it was always like for me growing up. I dont have to just deal with this. I mean, just the things that just were normally my friends in high school, I wouldnt say that theyre racist or anything. Theyre kind of dumb high school kids, but they would make like Emmett Till jokes and that would just be normal.

I didnt think anything of it because thats just the way it was. And then when I went to Gustavus and people were not making Emmett Till jokes, thats when I realized that, okay, it doesnt have to be this way. And then taking that a step further now living in Minneapolis, I really feel much more free and secure in my identity as a black man.

Greg Kaster:

Again, its all fascinating because Ive spoken to some black alums, Gustavus alums, for whom Well, different in your case, maybe coming from lets say black towns in Mississippi and then coming to Gustavus where its much more of a shock, and they had some you know negative experiences and some negative memories around race at Gustavus. But in your case, you went through sort of what some African-Americans went through lets say during World War II who were abroad and werent experiencing racism for the first time, and then come back to a country having fought against racism, the Nazis, but come back to a country where racism is still flourishing.

So I just think its so interesting how Gustavus in your case became the place where you felt Not that there wasnt racism, but you felt its absence more than before, and that was kind of an awakening. I find that quite interesting. So were you up in Minneapolis when Mr. Floyd was Youre already living here when George Floyd was murdered this past summer?

Mason Bultje:

Yeah. So I was up here and just to add thats walking distance from InnerCity Tennis, from our facility. So that really hit close to home and got me more fired up. I think that for myself, before George Floyd, Id kind of go through phases of being really empowered and vocal and really pushing those around me to learn more about you know social justice issues and become more outspoken. But then it kind of dwindle at times and I think that with George Floyd that fire grew so big and and I realized that I cant ask allies to commit to working towards solving these issues consistently if Im not doing it.

So Ive really tried to commit myself to making that be a part of my identity, a part of who I am, and bringing diversity equity and inclusion initiatives into everything that I do. That was really a turning point for me especially having it. Like I said, it hit so close to home. I was able to organize an event for InnerCity Tennis. Its kind of like a supply drive on getting people together in the community just to kind of talk about these issues and then they were people are encouraged to walk over to the memorial, just walk over a foot bridge over 35W down a couple blocks and then youre right there.

Greg Kaster:

Youre right. I forgot how close to your facility is to the side. Kate and I were able to go. So many others were able to go to the memorial site, which was just quite profound, quite moving and very interesting. I was so struck by the mix of those A sense of celebration in some ways. Lots of life. I mean, barber shop, and cooking, and music, but also deep profound grief and sadness. So I want to come back to your You were telling me before we started recording, your work with the US Tennis Association around diversity, but lets circle back, again, to Gustavus.

I know for you as for so many people, that Tennis and Life Camps there, the summer Tennis and Life Camps that I mentioned in the intro were so I mean, its an overused word, but it still applies transformative, so important. I wasnt at all closely associated with them. I was aware of them of course teaching at Gustavus. We should note that they were founded and started in 1977 by Steve Wilkinson, a renowned collegiate tennis coach. I think the winningest tennis coach in collegiate history, at least thus far, and his wife Barbara. Did you get to know Steve before he passed away or not?

Mason Bultje:

Yeah. So I was actually the last first year class to come in, while Steve was still alive. So he passed away January of my first year. So I have one memory of him coaching me in a match in the fall and thats something that I definitely cherish.

Greg Kaster:

Thats great. Well, tell us a little bit about your experience in there. What you did in those camps, how they impacted you. You also taught there, right? Did you attend them and teach there both?

Mason Bultje:

So I actually never attended. I grew up in Mankato, but the drive was just too much for me. It is an expensive camp, and so for me, its either I could do a whole summer of tennis in Mankato or I could go to TLC for three days. So I chose more tennis. But when I went to Gustavus, I had a pretty good idea that there was a decent chance I would get involved with Tennis and Life Camps in the summer.

Greg Kaster:

Yeah. Tell us a little bit about that, about what you were doing.

Mason Bultje:

Yeah. I have a pretty decent story I guess about the beginning. I mentioned having wrist problems that happened in the spring of my first year, and I had already committed to doing TLC that summer, but then ended up needing to have surgery in May. They put a screw in my wrist. So I was going to be in the cast for most of the summer and I was really worried about my job security at that point, like not only do I not get to play tennis, do I have to be in the cast, but can I even work?

I talked to Neal Hagberg whos the director, and he said, Well make it work. The majority of my first summer, I taught tennis left-handed. Its not like Im ambidextrous or proficient with my left hand by any means, but I figured it out, and I think that really is the start of I dont know. Thats just so integral to what I do now, and with outreach, so many situations are not ideal, but you just figure it out. So I think thats one of the first lessons that I learned going in the TLC.

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S.8, E.1: Service and Tennis - Learning for Life @ Gustavus host Greg Kaster interviews Gustavus alum Mason Bultje '18 about his equity work and...

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Data Bridge Market Research recently added Global Weight Management Market by manufacturers, regions, type and application, forecast to 2028 in his database. This research report focus on complete assessment of market and contains future trend, growth factors, attentive opinions, facts, historical data, statistically supported and industry-validated market data. Environmental concerns & regulatory guidelines regarding release of effluents through different industries. Global Weight Management Market comprehensive coverage of underlying economic and technological factors under key trend analysis.

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Some of the major players operating in this market are TECHNOGYM USA Corp, Johnson & Johnson Services, Inc., Medtronic, OLYMPUS CORPORATION, BRUNSWICK CORPORATION, Apollo Endosurgery, Inc., Nautilus, Inc, ICON Health & Fitness, Johnson Health Tech. The Simply Good Foods Company, Herbalife International of America, Inc, Kellogg Co.,The Coca-Cola Company, PepsiCo, Inc, OTSUKA HOLDINGS CO. LTD., Amway, VLCC, WW International, Inc., NUTRISYSTEM, INC, WW International, Inc., ICON Health & Fitness, DUKE DIET & FITNESS CENTER, Jenny Craig, SLIMMING WORLD, EQUINOX, INC, EDIETS.COM, Life Time, Inc., MoreLife and Hologics Inc. among others.

Weight management is a long-term challenge which is influenced by emotional, behavioural and physical factors. According to Institute of Health Metrics and Evaluation, 30.0% of worlds population is affected by the excess weight gain and obesity which are the major concern in the public health issue. Weight controls consist of many techniques and strategies such as diet plan, physical activity, behavioural therapy and surgery or combinations of these all. Some strategies such as altering diet habits and physical workout also influence obesity and other risk factors. Physical exercise is considered as an integral part of weight management and weight loss therapy. The availability of solutions for weight management and changing lifestyle is boosting the market growth.

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Global Weight Management Market Study including Growth Factors, New Top Players, Competitive Analysis by regions from 2021 to 2027 KSU | The Sentinel...

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ROSEMONT, Ill., Feb. 12, 2021 /PRNewswire/ -- Barry P. Boden, MD, received the Orthopaedic Research and Education Foundation (OREF) Clinical Research Award, which recognizes outstanding clinical research related to musculoskeletal disease or injury.

For over 20 years, Dr. Boden has studied the epidemiology and causes of severe sports injuries to develop preventive strategies, with a focus on anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) ruptures and catastrophic sports injuries. Along with his collaborators, Dr. Boden's research determined that an axial compressive force is the predominant cause of non-contact ACL injuries (NC-ACLI) and uncovered the science behind catastrophic injuries in certain high-risk sports, leading to legislation and fundamental changes that have saved lives and prevented numerous injuries.

Non-Contact ACL InjuriesIn the mid-1990s, having observed the devastating outcomes of ACL injuries, Dr. Boden was inspired to go beyond traditional explanations and find new ways to explore the mechanisms of ACL injuries.

"Observing the high number of athletes whose careers were disrupted by ACL injury motivated me to explore the fundamental causes in order to support the development of prevention programs," said Dr. Boden, an orthopaedic surgeon at The Orthopaedic Center, a division of Centers for Advanced Orthopaedics in Rockville, Md., and clinical adjunct professor at the Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences in Bethesda, Md.

Utilizing athlete interviews and videotapes that captured the moment of injury, his early research revealed that nearly 70% of ACL injuries involve minimal to no contact (subsequently referred to as NC-ACLI) and occurred as the athlete either abruptly stopped or landed from a jump, both on one leg.

"In sports, you can simply be running down the field or courtmost of the time with the ball or defending the ballstop abruptly or land from a jump, and tear your ACL," said Dr. Boden.

As the research progressed, Dr. Boden advanced his analysis of the videos captured at the moment of NC-ACLI, using 2D analysis of body mechanics. By pinpointing the precise measurements of the ankle, knee and hip angles, and trunk position at initial foot contact, he was able to study whole body dynamics at the time of injury. This provided insights into the likely forces causing the NC-ACLI. A key finding uncovered by Dr. Boden was that injured athletes either landed flat-footed or heel first. For injured athlete's, the foot became completely flat twice as fast as the uninjured, control group athletes who landed on their forefoot or toes. This indicated a difference in how the body was absorbing the high forces that occur when the foot hits the ground while landing.

"Similar to how airbags dissipate the impact forces of a crash before they reach the passenger, the calf muscles slow the impulsive ground reaction forces," said Dr. Boden. "In essence, athletes need to land like an accordion, so as the joints bend, the muscles contract and absorb those forces. Landing flat-footed or nearly flat-footed with the knee almost straight renders the calf muscles ineffective at dissipating the ground reaction forces and the impulsive forces are transmitted directly to the knee. When these forces aren't absorbed properly, something has to give, often resulting in an axial compression injury with ACL rupture."

With this knowledge, Dr. Boden's findings revealed that the primary force responsible for the NC-ACLI is the impact force with the ground which is directed through the tibia (shinbone) to the soft tissue of the knee. A mentor of Dr. Boden's, Dr. Joseph Torg, originally proposed the concept that this impact force upon landing or "axial compressive force" is responsible for the NC-ACLI. Dr. Torg, an orthopaedic surgeon, is known to many as the "Father of Sports Medicine" for his decades of work in athlete injury prevention.

Dr. Boden then partnered with co-investigator Frances T. Sheehan, PhD, a researcher at the National Institutes of Health, to further prove the mechanical principles of NC-ACLI and the engineering behind this axial compression injury. They conducted an MRI study of 25 subjects, collecting images of the subjects' knees in a safe position and the dangerous ACL injury position to determine how landing posture, especially hip flexion, might affect the alignment of the femur (thighbone) and tibia given that the ACL connects both bones.

The researchers discovered that in the dangerous position the tibial plateau (top of the tibia articulating with the femur to create the knee joint) is in a more vertical position, relative to gravity. This allows the femur to shift backwards on the tibia. As the ACL is designed to prevent this backwards shift, this creates excessive ACL stretching, enhancing the likelihood of a tear. Additionally, the point where the tibia and femur touch (joint contact) moves between the dangerous and safe positions. In the safe position the point is located on the round, posterior (rear) portion of the femur. However, in the dangerous position the contact point moves to the flat, anterior (front) portion of the femur. When the flat ends of the femur and tibia at the knee are in contact, sliding of the femur on the tibia is favored instead of the normal rolling.

When the femur and tibia collide with a significant axial compression force in this dangerous leg position (vertical tibial plateau and two flat surfaces making contact), the risk of an ACL injury is increased. In the safe landing position, the tibial plateau is in a more horizontal, stable position, and the tibia contacts the round posterior aspect of the femur, favoring rolling as the knee flexes, rather than sliding. In this position, the muscles around the knee can absorb the forces.

To further substantiate their hypothesis that axial compressive forces are the primary force responsible for NC-ACLI, Dr. Boden and his colleagues conducted cadaver studies which replicated ACL injury by applying an axial compression force to the knee. The cadaver study found that the addition of a quadriceps force increases the compressive force on the joint, thereby lowering the axial force necessary to injury. Similar to the quadriceps force, Dr. Boden's videotape studies, as well as the work of other researchers, demonstrated that valgus (knee buckling inward) is not a primary component of the injury, but can be a contributing factor by lowering the axial force necessary for injury.

"While we can't prevent all ACL injuries in athletes, the more we learn about the mechanics of NC-ACLI, the better we can help athletes understand the dynamics and train them accordingly," said Dr. Boden.

Catastrophic Sports InjuriesThe second part of Dr. Boden's research focused on catastrophic athletic injuries. Through a series of studies using data from the National Center for Catastrophic Sports Injury Research (NCCSIR) and other databases, he was able to determine the epidemiology, mechanisms of injury, diagnoses and outcomes in sports with high rates of catastrophic events.

With insight into the causes of injury, Dr. Boden's research, along with advocates, sports associations and legislators, has led to policy and rule changes, equipment redesign, training programs and education.

Catastrophic Pole-Vaulting InjuriesA 16-year review of the data showed pole vaulting had the highest incidence of catastrophic injuries in male high school and collegiate athletes. Dr. Boden's initial research demonstrated that the most common cause of injury was the vaulter missing the back or side of the landing pad (70%), followed by landing in the vault box. This work helped establish a collective effort to significantly enlarge the minimum dimensions of the landing pad in 2003, leading to an annual reduction in pole vault fatalities from 0.90 before to 0.13 after the rule change or an estimated 12-13 saved lives to date. Biomechanical research on existing vault boxes has demonstrated the risks of landing in this area due to poor shock absorption characteristics. A new vault box with improved padding has been developed which reduces the force impacts by 90%. Dr. Boden and his colleagues continue to study the injury epidemiology to determine the clinical effect of the new padded vault boxes.

Catastrophic Football InjuriesOf all high school and college sports, football is associated with the highest number of fatalities, but there was limited data to explain the causes. Dr. Boden reviewed traumatic and non-traumatic fatalities over the past few decades, and identified cardiac arrest, brain injury, heat illness and sickle cell trait (SCT) as the most common causes.

While traumatic fatalities have declined 4-5-fold since the 1960s as a result of rule changes and improved equipment, non-traumatic fatalities have remained constant, with approximately 10 deaths per year. Dr. Boden's research showed that 87% of non-traumatic football fatalities occur during practice or conditioning sessions, mostly in obese players who are participating in intense workouts and/or punishment drills (e.g., 350-pound lineman required to run 36, 50-yard sprints for perceived poor performance). With a large spectrum of baseline aerobic fitness in football, Dr. Boden and his coauthors have concluded that most of these fatalities are due to a lack of adequate exercise science applied to conditioning. The research revealed that most non-traumatic fatalities, once thought to be caused by inherent medical problems, instead are mostly caused by overexertion and irrational exercise programs during conditioning sessions and are preventable.

"Our goal with these findings is to inject more exercise science into training regimens; require baseline aerobic fitness assessment in order to develop safe, individual exercise regimes; hold coaches accountable for ensuring appropriate conditioning regimens; and establishing independent medical care to empower trainers to advocate on behalf of the players," said Dr. Boden.

The research also demonstrated:

In addition to football fatalities, a review of catastrophic brain injuries in football players revealed the increased risk of injury in younger athletes, especially those who return to football prior to full recovery from a prior concussion. Due to the efforts of many health care advocates and the scientific support of the brain injury study, the Lystedt Law has been adopted by all 50 states and the District of Columbia. The law requires any youth demonstrating signs of a concussion to be examined and cleared by a licensed health care provider before return to play.

Catastrophic Cheerleading InjuriesAt the high school and college levels, cheerleading accounts for two-thirds of the catastrophic athletic injuries in female athletes.i A review of catastrophic cheerleading injuries documented the risk of severe brain injuries to cheerleaders during the pyramid and basket toss stunts due to factors such as poor spotting or landing on the hard gym floor. Dr. Boden's report made numerous recommendations for preventing injuries such as mandating floor mats, limiting transitions between complex stunts and only performing stunts during halftime or postgame in an area free of obstruction. Since the 2006 rule changes, there has been a 70% (high school) and 66% (college) reduction in the annual number of all catastrophic cheerleading injuries. There have been no catastrophic basket toss injuries over the last nine years of data collection (20102019).

About the OREF Clinical Research Award.The OREF Clinical Research Award was established in 1995 to recognize outstanding clinical research related directly to musculoskeletal disease or injury. All submitted manuscripts are reviewed, graded, and selected by the AAOS Research Development Committee. The award provides $20,000 to recipients. For more information about the manuscript submission process, please visit aaos.org/kappadelta.

About the OREF The Orthopaedic Research and Education Foundation (OREF) is an independent, 501(c)3 non-profit organization that raises funds to support research on diseases and injuries of bones, nerves and muscles and to enhance clinical care leading to improved health, increased activity and a better quality of life for patients. To further its mission, OREF is committed to exploring ways to partner with others to move the field of musculoskeletal research forward. For more information, visit http://www.oref.org and follow us on Twitter.

About the AAOS With more than 39,000 members, the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons is the world's largest medical association of musculoskeletal specialists. The AAOS is the trusted leader in advancing musculoskeletal health. It provides the highest quality, most comprehensive education to help orthopaedic surgeons and allied health professionals at every career level best treat patients in their daily practices. The AAOS is the source for information on bone and joint conditions, treatments and related musculoskeletal health care issues and it leads the health care discussion on advancing quality.

Follow the AAOS on Facebook, Twitter, LinkedIn and Instagram.

DisclosureFundingBarry P. Boden, MD

Frances T. Sheehan, PhD

i Boden BP. 2005. Direct catastrophic injury in sports. J Am Acad Orthop Surg 13:445-454.

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By losing nine kilograms in eight weeks and normalising his blood sugar levels through a lowish-carb, Mediterranean-style of eating and intermittent fasting, Mosley was able to drain the fat from his liver and pancreas and regain his health.

This is because too much body fat blocks the production and function of insulin, the blood sugar regulating hormone.

As the research progressed, Mosley kept writing on the subject of dietary interventions to treat diabetes and other chronic health conditions.

The latest iteration was The Fast 800, which has sold 100,000 copies in Australia.

Comprising three stages, the program involves an initial period of intensive weight loss in which calories are capped at 800 a day for up to 12 weeks. The second stage involves a 5:2 intermittent fasting ratio of 800 calories for two days a week and whatever you want for the other five. Finally, the maintenance phase involves portion control but no calorie counting, eating to a lowish-carb, Med-style diet and optional time-restricted eating.

The recipes in The Fast 800 Easy, developed by his GP wife Dr Clare Bailey, follow the style of eating and provide a calorie count for those on any stage of the program.

Over the phone from Britain, Mosley says most people find the diet fairly easy because their hunger subsides after several days, they are eating whole foods and eating enough protein to keep them satiated.

Fruit and nut granola from The Fast 800 Easy, which offers recipes developed by Mosleys GP wife Dr Clare Bailey.

It is not a fad diet, Mosley insists. The vast majority I speak with have a metabolic problem and they want to know how to get rid of it: They dont want to end up on medication and sick. Thats why theyre doing it. Its not the bikini gang. Its people with serious issues.

Plus, he says, its based on science.

The latest research on the approach includes a small University of Oxford study published in the April 2020 edition of Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism. It found participants who ate an 800 to 1000 calorie-a-day Med-style diet for eight weeks lost an average of 9.6 kilograms and improved their blood sugar more than those on medication and with traditional diabetes care.

Though the diet leads to rapid weight loss, the study authors acknowledged it was a very demanding regime.

A separate study published in The Lancet last June found that more than 60 per cent of participants on the 800 calorie a day plan, which was followed by a maintenance phase and lifestyle support, were able to reverse their diabetes and maintain results over the course of a year.

The vast majority I speak with have a metabolic problem and they want to know how to get rid of it: They dont want to end up on medication and sick.

Despite such research, the US News health review scored it near the bottom of the rankings as a program to help prevent or control diabetes.

According to the panel of health experts, the drop in caloric intake could put diabetics at risk for hypoglycaemia, or low blood sugar. Also, diabetes medication would require adjustment on this diet.

Another concern is its sustainability, says Dr Nicholas Fuller of the University of Sydneys Boden Collaboration for Obesity, Nutrition, Exercise & Eating Disorders.

People come into our clinic who have been on these intermittent fasting approaches and every other diet, explains Fuller, author of Interval Weight Loss for Life. We know people can lose weight, that is the easy thing.

In his experience, these patients have lost and then regained the weight because the regimes are too hard to maintain and they end up struggling with both physical and mental health.

Its no better.

Instead, Fuller suggests focusing on forming healthy habits including nutrition, sleep and exercise for longer-lasting results with healthier weight being a byproduct.

Dr Joanna McMillan doesnt consider the Fast 800 an easy diet, if there is one.

If the diet is too severe (800 calories is not much food) generally that makes it harder to stick to, she says. Im not a fan of anything that is a quick fix if it only leads to devastation later when you regain the weight with interest.

That said, McMillan completely agrees with the Med-style approach, adding: Overall it makes sense to me that we have feast and famine type cycles instead of the modern eat all day type of diet.

A fan of intermittent fasting, she says the research doesnt indicate that any one form of fasting is superior: I suspect it is the one you can stick to that will work, as with any dietary approach.

Dr Mosley dismisses the US News criticisms, saying the reviewers havent bothered to look at the research. Besides, he adds, when he originally wrote The Fast Diet, intermittent fasting was strictly for crazies.

Since then, time-restricted eating has become enormously popular both in the US and Australia.

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While he says he would like to see people simply shift to a Med-style diet, the vast majority of those with type 2 diabetes require a more stringent approach initially if they are to go into remission. You need to lose about 10 per cent of your body weight.

He anticipates that, given the promise of the ongoing science and research programs, the Fast 800 approach will become mainstream as a dietary intervention for chronic diseases like diabetes.

In the UK, the NHS just started rolling it out, in September, to 5000 people, says Mosley, who is touring Australia in April and May.

In Australia, two out of three adults are overweight or obese, 53 per cent of the diabetes burden is related to excess weight and 50 per cent of all adults have a chronic health condition.

The reasons for these statistics are a messy interplay of genetics, behaviour, environment and socioeconomic status.

Many, including Dr Mosley, are trying to find solutions to a complex problem. No one has a perfect answer but they are all tools that may help. Its a challenge and the recipes in the new book might just be the only easy bit there is.

Start your week with practical tips and expert advice to help you make the most of your personal health, relationships, fitness and nutrition. Sign up to our Live Well newsletter sent every Monday.

Sarah Berry is a lifestyle and health writer at The Sydney Morning Herald and The Age.

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The Fast 800 Easy is not really very easy but there are other pros - Sydney Morning Herald

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New research has found that subcutaneous semaglutide taken once a week is nearly twice as effective at helping individuals lose weight than some current weight loss drugs on the market, offering a potential new treatment for type 2 diabetes and other obesity-related conditions, according to the study.

Taken once a week through a subcutaneous injection of 2.4 mg, the drug works by suppressing appetite centers in the brain to reduce hunger and calorie intake. Obesity affects more than 40% of adults in the United States, according to a press release, and is associated with conditions such as type 2 diabetes, hypertension, heart disease, arthritis, sleep apnea, some forms of cancer, and decreased life expectancy.

This is by far the most effective intervention we have seen for weight management when you compare it to many of the currently existing drugs, said corresponding author Robert Kushner, MD, a professor of medicine and medical education at Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, in a press release. Semaglutide sets the bar for a new generation of more effective weight-loss medications.

The study investigated the efficacy and safety of taking a weekly injection of semaglutide along with individual lifestyle counseling sessions. It included 1961 overweight or obese adults and lasted 68 weeks from fall 2019 to spring 2020. Overall, 94.3% of the participants completed the trial.

Participants started from an average baseline weight of 230 pounds and a body mass index of 38 kg/m2. According to the press release, participants saw an average weight loss of 14.9% (34 pounds) compared with 2.4% (5 pounds) for the placebo group.

Compared with other weight loss drugs on the market, which can help patients lose between 6% and 11% of their body weight, the investigators said semaglutide is approximately 1.5 to 2 times more effective. Approximately 70% of study participants reached a weight loss of at least 10% of their baseline body weight, which Kushner said is clinically relevant.

A lot of the health concerns we see in people who are struggling with their weight, such as diabetes, high blood pressure, or gastroesophageal reflux disease, tend to improve when they reach a weight loss of 10%, Kushner said in the press release.

Furthermore, the investigators said one-third of study participants treated with semaglutide lost at least 20% (46 pounds) of their baseline weight, which is a common reduction for many patients who have had bariatric surgery in the 1 to 3 years following their procedure.

Its the very first time we have a medication that even begins to approach the weight loss people achieve with bariatric surgery, Kushner said in the press release. He added that bariatric surgery is still more effective than this medication, but surgery carries additional risks.

After the intervention, the participants who received semaglutide reported improved physical functional, such as walking faster and climbing stairs with less pain. Additionally, they achieved greater improvements in their blood pressure, blood lipids, and blood glucose control. The drug would be intended for long-term use, according to the press release.

Adverse effects included mild-to-moderate nausea and diarrhea that were transient and generally resolved without permanent discontinuation from the study. Semaglutide is currently on the market to help manage diabetes, but it is approved only for a lower dose. The FDA is currently reviewing its use at a higher dose with the explicit use of helping patients lose weight, according to the press release.

REFERENCENew anti-obesity medication almost twice as effective as most currently approved weight-loss drugs [news release]. Northwestern University; February 10, 2021. https://news.northwestern.edu/stories/2021/02/anti-obesity-medication/. Accessed February 12, 2021.

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Study: Anti-Obesity Medication Twice as Effective as Most Weight Loss Drugs - Pharmacy Times

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