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A whopping 9 out of 10 kids dont eat the recommended 1 to 3 cups of vegetables per day, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) reports. And a full one-third of the veggies they do eat are white potatoes, most often French fries.

There are so many benefits to eating enough produce in a diet of any person of any age, but especially in kids who are growing and developing. The fiber, antioxidants, vitamins, and minerals in veggies help with brain development, building and strengthening their immune system, aiding in digestion and other important body processes, says Stefani Sassos, M.S., R.D.N., the registered dietitian for the Good Housekeeping Institute.

Start them young with healthy habits and dont give up on inspiring your little one to love veggies if they dont immediately chow down on a big pile of celery or kale. Try, try againand include little ones in meal planning and cooking. And dont feel bad if you have to resort to more sneaky ways, Sassos says. They need the nutrition any way you can get it in them.

Here are a few of her favorite under-the-radar ways to help your picky eaters get their produce fix.

If your child is getting the majority of their veg from spuds but is not so fond of other veggies, disguise them inside their current go-to. Cauliflower in general is very easily masked. Mash cauliflower in mashed potatoes to add volume and nutrition, Sassos says.

To veggie-fy your dinner side, trade half of the spuds in your mashed potatoes recipe for steamed, riced cauliflower. Once you add garlic, herbs or other flavor boosters and smash or mash, the color, texture and flavor will be practically identical to the full starch version.

For when fresh produce isnt within reach, a veggie-boosted bar like ZENB can be a great optionespecially if your mini me enjoys other snack bars.

With flavors ranging from corn and carrot to beet and bell pepper, your kids will enjoy sampling them all and selecting their faves. It can be our little secret that veggies are the first item on each ingredient listmeaning theyre the most-used ingredient in the recipeso theyre scoring a solid dose of fiber, and a bit of potassium and iron.

ZENB sticks are an easy lunch box addition thats plant-based and a good source of fiber. Plus, theyre free from artificial flavors or colors, so it makes a great swap for the usual lunch box staples, Sassos says.

Sassos snagged this sneaky veggie trick from her own mom: She would always grate carrots and zucchini really finely and add them into turkey or beef mixture for meatballs, burgers, or meat loaf. They add a nice moistness and fold right into the meat, she says.

Grate or shred cup of any summer squash or carrots to incorporate into each pound of ground meator plant-based meat substitutefor juicy, vitamin-boosted results. (Psst! This grated veggie trick can also work well in baked goods like cakes or quick breads. Bonus: It keeps them uber-moist!)

Blend Images - JGI/Jamie GrillGetty Images

Produce-pack pasta night by swapping half of the beef in any bolognese or meat sauce with finely-chopped sauted mushrooms. Or for mac and cheese, steam, pure, and stir in a cup or so of butternut squash (canned pumpkin also works wonderfully for a shortcut) right in the mix with the cheese sauce. Craving Alfredo? Add in cup of steamed and mashed cauliflower into the creamy mixture. Any of the above work well because they match the color and texture of the standard noodle topping, while effortlessly boosting the nutrition.

If your child loves pasta, sneak in some vegetables with the real pasta so they can enjoy both, Sassos says. Mix half spiralized noodles and half regular noodles, and for really picky eaters, you can even peel the zucchini so they look almost identical to spaghetti.

Riced cauliflower, cauliflower florets, spinach, and baby kale (which is less bitter than regular kale) all practically disappear taste-wise when you add them to smoothies.

The spinach and baby kale may turn the color green, but you wont taste it, Sassos says.

Find several veggie-boosted smoothie recipes here, or simply add 1 cup of greens or cup of cauliflower rice or florets to your favorite mix.

Since fries are often among a kids favorite foods, cooking potatoes and other veggies in an air-fryer is a nice way to tip-toe out of hidden territory to, Hey, how about that?! You actually like butternut squash in fry form! The high heat of the mini convection oven crisps them up in a similar way to deep-fryingminus most of the added fat.

Nearly any veggie comes out great, even something as simple as Brussels sprouts cut in half with oil, salt and pepper. This completely changes the texture, taste and presentation, Sassos says.

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7 Sneaky Ways to Get Your Kids to Eat Their Veggies - GoodHousekeeping.com

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Navy sailor in Naples drops 94 pounds to stay in the service

Petty Officer 2nd Class Andrew OBrien returned from leave last summer weighing in at 310 pounds and needing to shed a lot of weight to stay in the Navy. Then the pandemic hit.

Despite coronavirus-related disruptions to gym access and fitness programs, OBrien lost more than 90 pounds in 12 months with help from dietitians at Naval Support Activity Naples, the service said in a statement.

I was tired of being the size I was, OBrien said in the statement. I was tired of not being able to do the things I wanted to do.

While all the services have seen an increase in overweight personnel, a Pentagon report last year found 22% of sailors were obese in 2018, the highest rate for any of the services and above the Defense Department average of about 17%.

To fight growing waistlines, the Navy began increased access to dietitians in July 2018 by sending them into sailors workspaces on temporary duty assignments at a commanders request.

In the first half of this fiscal year, 56 commanders requested dietitian support and 1,300 sailors received nutritional information, said Lt. Cmdr. Pamela Gregory, a registered dietitian who had managed the Navy Nutrition Program when it launched.

The experts can provide guidance on eating for weight management, better athletic performance and disease prevention, as well as help galley staff improve the quality and nutrition of meals, Gregory said in a phone interview.

The pandemic forced cancellations of some requested visits, but service members can still get information online, such as healthy recipes, through the nutrition programs site and on navyfitness.org.

It didnt take much for OBrien to begin seeing rapid results, said Gregory, one of two dietitians who advised him during the process.

As an information systems technician in the final year of his tour in Naples, OBrien was far outside height and weight standards, meaning he could be prevented from advancement or reenlistment.

One of the first steps was to begin tracking what he ate there are a variety of smartphone apps to help do so and he then got help figuring out how much he could cut from his diet.

At once you realize how much youre eating and not really exercising, OBrien said.

He added daily workouts to his routine to help burn more calories, but Gregory said diet is a bigger part of weight loss. Many young sailors eat too many highly processed foods that may feel good for a hot minute, but dont provide what their bodies need, she said.

A prior enlisted corpsman whod tried a variety of diets herself before studying nutrition, Gregory encourages her clients to eat more nutrient-rich whole fruits and vegetables, and to be mindful of why theyre eating and when theyre satisfied.

After losing nearly 40 pounds in the first couple months, OBrien had started to slip back into old patterns by October, Gregory said, but she urged him to keep up his new healthier habits. When they met again in November, hed shed another 15 pounds.

When Italy became an epicenter for the pandemic in March, he wasnt able to go to the gym, so he focused on his eating plan.

By July, shortly before transferring to the Everett, Wash.-based USS Sampson, he was within standards and in some of the best shape of my life, he said.

If you work hard enough at something, there are rewards, he said. Right now my reward is to go back to the fleet and back home to the U.S.

garland.chad@stripes.comTwitter: @chadgarland

Navy registered dietitian Lt. Pamela Gregory teaches sailors aboard the destroyer USS John Finn about the Go for Green 2.0 program during her seven-day temporary duty assignment to educate sailors on performance nutrition, healthy eating habits, hydration and safe dietary supplement use, Nov. 11, 2018.BRENDA EZENWAOKPALA/U.S. NAVY

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Navy sailor in Naples drops 94 pounds to stay in the service - Stars and Stripes

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A team of doctors and researchers at UIHC are conducting a study that has the potential to reduce common side effects found within those with celiac disease, one of the first hospitals to do so.

David Elliott is currently investigating a trial drug that could help digestion for those with celiac disease, which causes an immune reaction to eating gluten.

Elliott, Director of the Division of Gastroenterology-Hepatology at the University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, said his team is studying larazotide a compound known to decrease intestinal permeability to see if will assist patients with celiac disease who are on a gluten-free diet.

Most people with celiac disease, when they go on a gluten-free diet feel wonderful, and dont have problems, but there are these small subset of individuals that still have some [gastrointestinal] complaints, even though theyre on a gluten free diet, Elliott said. Thats where this is targeted: for those people who have more difficulty with a loose tight junction This drug may help that.

Elliott, who is also a professor of internal medicine, said the team is actively recruiting participants for this study. One of the main requirements for participants is that they must have a positive serology and positive biopsy for celiac disease within the past six months to a year.

It is ideal if prospective participants experience ongoing symptoms associated with celiac disease, Elliott said, such as bloating, abdominal pain, abdominal cramps, and gas at least once a week.

Elliott said UIHC is one of the first hospitals to work directly with larazotide. While it has been studied in the past, this particular trial is in phase three of four, making it rather advanced.

RELATED: University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics seeing sicker patients

Jessica Valestin, clinical research manager in Elliots division, said the research group is optimistic about the trials potential outcomes and how it will affect individuals with celiac disease.

Our group chose this study as we believe in helping others and moving science forward, Valestin. We were very excited at the chance to potentially be able to help patients suffering with celiac disease.

Elliott said the drug will be taken as a pill, and will help patients determine what is directly causing their symptoms and how they can reduce them.

If this pill helps, then its something we can give people, and if it removes their symptoms say, Oh no youre doing fine, youre gluten free the problem that youre having is because of this, Elliott said. Then they can decide if they want to stay on the medicine or whether they want to go off the medicine.

He said in previous trials, it was believed that participants could eat gluten while taking the drug, as it walls off gluten and allows them to return to a more common diet.

This previous trial was not successful because the symptoms of celiac disease returned. However, the team discovered patients discomfort associated with celiac disease was reduced while on a gluten-free diet while also taking larazotide, he said.

The discovery initiated the current trial to see whether the drug helps tighten the gut, decreasing the amount of gluten traveling between the intestinal cell wall, rather than through it. If so, Elliott said, it will aid in lessening the discomfort experienced with celiac disease.

RELATED: University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics seeing sicker patients

UI senior Ethan Upchurch said he was diagnosed with celiac disease in 2016, and currently serves as the community outreach coordinator for the UI Celi-Yaks Club.

The Celi-Yaks aim to decrease the challenges of navigating the college food scene and promote advocacy and awareness of celiac disease and other forms of gluten sensitivity.

Upchurch said the goal of the current investigative trial corresponds with the clubs goals.

Our mission statement sort of lies in the same vein as the study does were just trying to approach [celiac disease] from a different angle, Upchurch said.

Upchurch has participated in past studies and is currently in the process of applying and being accepted for the current clinical trial conducted by Elliott.

I had completed one about a year ago, and to be honest, on top of the benefits of just promoting celiac research, the compensation is really great, Upchurch said.

Upchurch said he received $1,500 for participating in a former study regarding celiac disease. He said he feels more comfortable participating in the current trial as it involves routinely taking a pill, rather than using injections of a specific compound on a daily basis something he had to do in the previous trial he participated in.

It did seem a bit less invasive than the other one, he said. The initial study that I had done, that involved giving myself injections in my abdominal area, and that was just a bit much for me, it wasnt super painful or anything, it was just kind of annoying to have to stay regiment with that and consistently give myself shots in the abdomen every day.

Upchurch said this research gives him hope for the future of celiac disease and the symptoms associated with it.

Its refreshing to see that theres research thats being done out there, the senior said.

Valestin said their research group aims to positively impact patients and initiate the development of medication that will help those living with celiac disease.

Our group hopes to improve patients overall quality of life, especially those who live with a chronic illness, said Valestin. Clinical trials offer hope for better medications for the future.

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UIHC performing trial to reduce celiac disease symptoms - UI The Daily Iowan

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Fallis finally here, and we're excited to indulge in seasonal comfort food as the weather gets cooler and our bodies crave the tastes of the autumn harvest. Instead of enjoying a simple BBQ on the beach or fruit salad, we are now looking forward to cooking anabundance of orange and golden vegetables, hearty soups, as well as sipping fresh apple cider andbaking pumpkin-flavored treats.

To make all these fall indulgenceshappen, first stock up on fresh vegetables and fruits from the farmer's market or farm stand, produce section, or green market, since these autumn crops are in prime season anddeliver a host of health benefits that will have your energy on high and your body's immunity humming along.The Beet compiled this list of thehealthiest fruits and vegetables to add to your list and eat right now, to make Autumn your best season yet. We highlighted the health benefits of each one, so you can feel even more motivated to put these foods in your basket. Then, check out The Beet's library of healthy fallrecipesto enjoy andcreate new memories that will make this season your absolute favorite.

Applesare known to lower your risk of heart disease, since they contain plenty of soluble fiber that helps lower blood cholesterol levels, according to a recentstudy. Apples are a good source of vitamins A, B1, B2, B6, C, and Folate, which helps boost your immune system. One apple has about 95 calories and contains 4 grams of dietary fiber makingit the perfect low-calorie on-the-go snack that will fill you up. Visit your local apple orchardbecause September and October are prime apple picking season.

But which apple is healthiest? According to theJournal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, polyphenolic compounds found in apples (in Red Delicious apples) are extremely beneficial to human health but if you don't like the tougher skin, skip those sincemost of the benefit from flavonoids in the apple is in the skin. The Pinky Lady contains the most flavonoids, which improve bloodflow andboost your ability to createnitric oxide a molecule that relaxes and opens blood vessels for better heart health, circulation, performance, and anti-aging.

Winter squash differs from summer squash since it's harvested and eaten in the mature fruit stage when the seedsand skin are hard. These includebutternut, pumpkin,acorn, delicata, and Hubbard. Winter squash is high in vitamins A and C, promoting a healthy immune system,improving your vision, and can help clear up skin--reducing any signs ofacne.

Carotenoids are found in most squashes including acorn squash and butternut squash and may "protect against type 2 diabetes, lung cancer, mental decline, and vision disorders,"studies have found. The richer the color at the farmstand, the higher likelihood you are choosing a vegetable that's a great source of carotenoids.

Beets are extremely nutrient-dense and low in calories. One beet contains 44 calories, 2 grams of dietary fiber, 1.7 grams of protein, and is loaded with healthy vitamins and mineralssuch as vitamin C, folate, vitamin B6, magnesium, iron, and potassium. Some people say that beets are the "multivitamin" of vegetables. Studies show beets help reduce your blood pressure, lowering your risk of heart diseases and stroke.

Broccoliis often maligned for its strong odor while cooking, but in terms of health, the cruciferous vegetable has anoutstanding reputation for delivering big benefits. First, broccoli is packed with vitamins, minerals, and is high in fiber,helping you lose weight naturally. Different cooking methodsaffect the nutritional value, however, so it'sbest to enjoy this vegetable completely or nearly raw and seasoned with your favorite spices and herbs.

Cooking it too much (boiling or microwaving) can deplete it of sulforaphane, a natural gas that gets emitted when the stalk, head or leaves gets injured such as when a bug or human bites into itwhichacts as a powerful antioxidant when it enters the human body and helps fight toxins and the stress of oxidization (aka aging).Broccoli is full of antioxidants that support your digestive system, prevent stress, andboost eye health--according to a study. Learn more about this powerhouse veggie here.

Brussels sprouts are high in vitamin K, which is extremely important for strong and healthy bones, according tostudies. Just half a cup contains 137 percent of your recommended daily intake of vitamin K which is great for building bones (in conjunction with vitamin D) and healthy blood cells. These veggies are also high in fiber, promoting weight loss and gut-health. Brussels sprouts are high in antioxidants which help lower stress and reduce your risk of chronic diseases. One study supports that the consumption of cruciferous vegetables may result in a decreased cancer risk.

Cabbage contains 2 grams of dietary fiber and ishigh in vitamin K, which helps your blood clot in a healthy way (you need this if you get cut or bruised) and works with vitamin D to support strong bone health. The cruciferous vegetable contains a variety of different antioxidants that help reduce inflammation, according to a study. Another study suggests that "thepreviously observed health benefits ofcruciferous vegetable consumption may be partly associated with the anti-inflammatory effects of these vegetables." The autumn season is the perfect time to make cabbage wrapped tacos or flavorful cabbage soup, get creative!

Cauliflower is high in dietary fiber, promoting natural weight loss, and reducing a whole host of diseases including heart disease, cancer, chronic inflammation, type 2 diabetes, and more, and promoting immune function, according to a major study. In one cup of cauliflower, there are 3 grams of fiber,which is 10% of your daily needs. "Higher intakes of dietary fiber are linked to less cardiovascular disease," the study found, "and fiber plays a role in gut health" since it's a prebiotic food that promotes the growth of healthy probiotic bacteria in your intestines, which sets off a healthy chain reaction that does everything from lower your risk of heart disease to boost immunity and help overall mood.

"Higher intakes of fiber are linked to lower body weight as well as less risk of cancer, " the study found. Cauliflower is also high in vitamin K, which supports healthy bones. This tree-shaped vegetable is known for its anti-inflammatory effects as well since it contains high levels of vitamin C, which acts as an antioxidant.

First, cranberries are mostly water and fiber, making them the perfect food to snack on for weight loss. One cup of cranberries is made up of 87percent of water and contains 4.6 grams of fiber. Cranberries are also full of essential vitamins and minerals like vitamin C, vitamin E, vitamin K1, manganese, and copper. Cranberries are known to help prevent UTI's, since they're loaded withA-type proanthocyanidins, antibacterialflavonoids, according to onestudy. "The proanthocyanidins in cranberry, in particular... have been implicated as important inhibitors" of the main cause of UTI's, specifically a bacteria called "primarily P-fimbriatedE. coli," according to another study.

If you're looking to drop some pounds this season, add green beans to each meal. Just one cup of raw green beans has 31 calories, zero fat, 4 grams of dietary fiber, and only 3.6 grams of naturally occurring sugar (which is not the same as added sugar). They also contain no cholesterol. Green beans are high in vitamins K, E, and B6, and minerals such as calcium, iron, and zinc which is extremely important for bone health and immunity.

One single cup of raw kale contains 500 mcg of vitamin K (which is nearly 7 times your daily recommended amount) as well as plenty of vitamin A (twicef your daily amount), vitamin C (more than yourdaily recommended amount). It also has manganese and vitamin B6. Kale is loaded with powerhouse antioxidants, including flavenoidsthathelp to lower blood pressure, work as anti-inflammatory, anti-viral, ant-depressant, and anti-canceragents, according to onestudy.

Kale is as powerful as medicine: Men who drank kale juice every day for 12 weeks increased their HDL-cholesterol or "good cholesterol" by 27percent and loweredLDL-cholesterol or "bad cholesterol" by 10percent, anotherstudy showed.

Kale also helps boost your immune system, since the green vegetable is high in vitamin C. Did you know that one cup of kale has more vitamin C than a whole orange? Kale isone of the best sources of vitamin C you can add to your plate.

One cup of parsnips contains 6.5 grams of fiber and 1.5 grams of natural plant-based protein. They're rich in antioxidants that help fight disease and rally the immune system against infection. Parsnipsalso contain polyacetylenes, compounds that may have appear to work against canceraccording to onestudy.Parsnips are also loaded with vitamin C and provide about 25 percent of your daily needs in just one serving. Add this hearty vegetable to your salads, soups, and side dishes with a little lemon and herbs.

Despite their sweet taste, pears arelow in calories and high in dietary fiber, making them a natural weight-loss-friendly fruit. One medium-sized pear contains 6 grams of fiber and 12percent of your dailyrecommended amount of vitamin C. Pears are also a good source of flavonoids that help to reduce inflammation and lower your risk of diseases, according to onestudy. Green-skinned pears contain two plant-compounds, lutein and zeaxanthin, which are help sharpen your vision, especially as you get older.

Peas are an easy vegetable to add to most dishes like veggie burgers, kinds of pasta, salads, tacos, and more. In just 1/2 cup of peas,you'll get4 grams of plant-based protein and dietary fiber., which helps fill you up and promotes weight loss. Peas have four times the amount of protein as carrots. So if you're looking to boost your plant-based protein game, peas are an easy add on. Buy them fresh or frozento eat all fall and winter for your healthiestresults

Sweet potatoes get all the respect. But even regular potatoes are full of nutrients.Yes, they contain carbs cut since they also have high fiber and nutrients, potatoescan actually help you lose weight. In astudythatmeasured the satiety level of different foods, boiled potatoes ranked number one, which means they can fill you up and leave you satisfied longer. Some peopleswear by potatoes as a weight-loss food, so long as you leave off the oil, likeChef AJ who lost 100 poundseatinga plant-based diet rich in potatoes. In addition, potatoes are a good source of vitamins and minerals and contain almost zero fat. Potatoes are made up of 77percent water and have high levels of potassium, vitamin C, vitamin B6, and folate, which are essential nutrients that boost your immune system and your energy levels.

Most people think of pumpkin as a vegetable, but it's actually an autumn-crop fruit.One cooked pumpkin, about 245 grams, contains 245% of the reference daily intake of vitamin A,boosting your immune system, andhelping to perfect your vision. Pumpkins are weight-loss-friendly food since they're low in calories, high in fiber, and made up of about 94% water.When you carve your pumpkin into ajack o lantern, use the 'pumpkin meat' and create healthy plant-based recipes with this delicious and seasonal fruit.

Radishes are fall diet heroes for when you are staring at a table of pre-game snacks. Instead of the chips reach for these: One-half cup serving of radishes contains 12 calories and zero fat, making them the perfect crunchy snack to eatwhen you want something healthier and still satisfying. If you want to clean up you're diet and incorporate low-calorie snack foods, radishes are perfect.

One cup of raspberries contains 8 grams of fiber and 1.5 grams of plant-based protein but only 64 calories, making them a great addition to any dessert or smoothie recipe. They provide more than half ofyour recommended daily intake of vitamin C which helpsboost immunity and their deep pigment means they contain phytochemicals that are helpful to your overall health since these dark pigments offer antioxidants to fight the stress of oxidization on a cellular level (you'll see clearer skin, more energy). One study explains that raspberries can help reduce your risk of heart disease, diabetes, and obesity.

Health Benefits: One rutabaga contains 9 grams of dietary fiber and 4 grams of plant-based protein. They're also loaded with essential vitamins like Vitamin C (nearly twice your daily recommended amount in one serving), potassium (one third what you need in a day), magnesium, calcium, and vitamin E.Rutabagais so high in vitamin C that this infusion of C willnot only help boost your immune systembut also prevent the signs of premature aging on your skin, according to a study.

Swiss chard is a leafy green that's high in fiber and extremely low in calories, which is what makes it a perfect base for your salads or taco wrapssince it's one of the easiest ways to add density to a meal and feel full. The veggie is extremely high in vitamin K (delivering 7 times your daily recommended amount) which helps regulate your blood calcium levels to promote bone health. Swiss chard is also high in vitamins A, C, and E, and helps boost immunity, clear skin, and improve vision. Swiss chard is high in antioxidantssuch as kaempferol, which fights inflammation and may have anti-cancer effects, according to a study.

Turnips are full of healthy vitamins and minerals, such asvitamins K and C, promoting a healthy immune system and bone health. Turnips are also rich in glucosinolates, a bioactive plant compound high in antioxidantsthat appear to haveant-cancer effects, according to a study. Turnips are also used "as a traditional medicine for the treatment of headaches, chest complaints, rheumatisms, oedemas, gonorrhea, syphilis, and rabies," another studyreports.

Bananas are among the most popular fruit in the world, for all the right reasons. Theycontain essential vitamins and minerals like vitamin B6, extremely important for plant-based or veganeaters because while it's found in eggs and dairy (which plant-based peopledon't eat) it helps boost mood andeven fights depression. B6 helps create neurotransmitters that regulate emotions, including serotonin. A low level of vitamin B6 mightcontribute todepression onestudyfound since there was a correlation between low B6 levels anddepression.

Bananas are also famously high in potassium (422 grams per banana), which helps to regulate fluid balance, reduce blood pressure, and protect against heart diseases or stroke according to a study.

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The 21 Best Fall Fruits and Vegetables to Eat for Health Benefits - The Beet

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The ISD Editorial Board argues female athletes with high levels of natural testosterone, such as Caster Semenya, should not be barred from competing in the same sports as other athletes.

The Olympics is the gold standard for athletic excellence, and Caster Semenya, the gold medalist track champion for South Africa, is one of its top stars. However, the double Olympic 800-meter champion appears to have lost her legal battle against regulations requiring women with high testosterone to take medication to compete internationally between 400-meter and a mile.

Semenyas biology has been under scrutiny for a decade, ever since she burst on the scene at the 2009 World Track and Field Championships and was subjected to sex tests following her victory. The issue of whether a rare biological trait was causing an unfair advantage for Semenya and a small subset of women quickly morphed into a battle about privacy and human rights, and Semenya became its symbol.

Semenya was almost unstoppable until World Athletics implemented a new policy for differences of sex development (DSD) athletes, including Semenya, that compelled them to reduce their testosterone levels to less than five nmol/L if they wanted to compete in elite events between 400 meters and a mile.

The lead world organization on sports is telling these women that if they want to compete in events they have competed in for years now, they will be unable to compete unless they physically alter their bodies to get rid of something that is perfectly natural for women to have.

Semenya was offered a terrible choice in order to keep competing: take a testosterone-regulating medication that dampens her bodys natural hormones, or stick to events like the 200-meter dash, which are exempt from hormone requirements. Rather than change her hormonal profile, Semenya has already saidshe will not compete in the 800-meter race if that is the requirement.

It now looks impossible for Semenya, the London 2012 and Rio 2016 gold medalist, to defend her title for the 800-meter in Tokyo.

The World Athletics rules were contested in the Court of Arbitration for Sport (CAS), based in Switzerland, by Semenya and the South African Athletics Association. However, the court determinedthe rules were "necessary, reasonable and proportionate" for maintaining fairness in women's track.

I am very disappointed by this ruling, but refuse to let World Athletics drug me or stop me from being who I am, Semenya said. Excluding female athletes or endangering our health solely because of our natural abilities puts World Athletics on the wrong side of history. I will continue to fight for the human rights of female athletes, both on the track and off the track, until we can all run free the way we were born.

World Athletics argued the policy was justified because more than 99 percent of females have around 0.12-1.79 nmol/L of testosterone in their bodies while DSDs are closer to the male range. CAS has upheld that policy, saying it was fair because DSD athletes, including Semenya, had a significant advantage in size, strength and power from puberty onward because of their elevated testosterone levels.

Basically, World Athletics and CAS have decided that even with a normal nonaltered female-at-birth body, DSD athletes like Semenya cannot and should not compete.

Caster Semenya, shown here competing in the 2011 World Championships, has won two Olympic gold medals but now is barred from competing in anything above the 200-meter unless she lowers her natural testosterone levels.

Everyone has testosterone, but it is involved in many factors that may confer athletic benefit including increased muscle size and strength, along with the ability for the blood to deliver oxygen to those working muscles. This is why elite male athletes are generally faster and stronger than females and also why males dont compete against females in most sports.

Semenya has high levels of testosterone so she will undoubtedly have at least some associated metabolic benefits, but all of them are still natural.

How much benefit testosterone gives female athletes is difficult to define as women cannot convert testosterone into its more potent form and do not possess the same numbers of testosterone receptors (to carry out its actions) as men, said Daniel Kelly with The Conversation. The World Athletics level of 5nmol/L is still high for female levels, which normally range from 0.1 - 1.8nmol/L. Judging the actual benefit of testosterone and where to draw these lines would require a lot more research and investigation.

However, there is an argument World Athletics and CAS does have the right idea with their ruling. This idea is seated in the protection of womens athletics and the possibility that all women should have a choice for the podium.

The gender studies folks have spent the last 20 years deconstructing sex and all of a sudden theyre facing an institution with an entirely opposite story, said Doriane Lambelet Coleman, a law professor at Duke and an elite 800-meter runner in the 1980s who served as an expert witness for the track and fields world governing body. We have to ask, Is respecting gender identity more important or is seeing female bodies on the podium more important?

Coleman also saidin sports, distinguishing people on the basis of their biology actually matters a lot.

It matters because if we failed to do it, we will lose the capacity to isolate the best females on the planet, Coleman added. We would never see a female body on the podium.

However, Semenya hasnt artificially altered her testosterone levels and while her condition is rare and gives her a large advantage as a track athlete, they are naturally occurring so is it not discrimination to make her change her body to compete? Does this take the phrase all men are equal to the extreme and try to make everyone the same, even by artificial measures? And where does this stop?

Many genetic physical attributes can contribute to athletic performance such as height, muscle composition and aerobic capacity.

In fact, Michael Phelps, another world renowned athlete, has many natural attributes that give him the perfect swimmers body, however you do not see him called out or shunned away from his sport because he has flipper-like feet.

We need to let women compete with their natural bodies, no matter the natural edge, because sports is not all about the training and practice, it is also about the athletes natural body.

Training and practice do play a role in the ability of an athlete, because without either, the naturally gifted athletes like Phelps and Semenya would not be anywhere near the athletes they are now.

World Athletics needs to go back on their ruling and just let women who arent taking testosterone, but are born with it naturally compete in sports. They already have been for years, let's stop controlling their bodies and just let them be.

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Editorial: Let women compete in sports, even if they have testosterone - Iowa State Daily

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Most of the research on the biology of fatherhood has focused on fathers in the U.S., Europe and some Asian countries. In these settings, levels of some hormones, such as lower testosterone and higher oxytocin, have been linked to more nurturing fathering. Yet, a University of Notre Dame research team wants to take a wider view. The role of fathers can vary greatly across cultures, and the researchers aimed to test whether the biology of fatherhood did, too.

To get a more complete picture of hormones and fatherhood that includes different cultures, social support systems and social hierarchies, Lee Gettler, associate professor of anthropology at Notre Dame, led a team that worked with the BaYaka and Bondongo societies in the Republic of the Congo. The teams paper was published this week in Nature magazines Scientific Reports. It is the first study to link fathers testosterone levels to broader social roles within their communities and revealed that BaYaka dads who were seen as more generous resource sharers had lower testosterone than less generous men.

Part of what motivated Gettler and his team to explore the role of fathers among the BaYaka and Bondongo is their very different models of family life and roles for fathers. In the U.S. and elsewhere, the pandemic has forced parents to forge new strategies to help their children meet their school demands while trying to negotiate their own work schedules. Many families have formed educational pods in which children from multiple families are schooled together, either by one of the parents or a teacher who is hired by the group. Fathers working from home have found new ways of integrating their roles in work and home life. Gettler and his team explore how mens hormones are linked to such social flexibility in response to the many challenges human parents have faced throughout human evolution and still do all over the world today.

In the Congo Basin, Gettlers team works with two neighboring groups with different ideas about fathers roles. The BaYaka people are very egalitarian and hyper-cooperative within their communities, and fathers are valued for generously sharing resources across the group. Among the Bondongo people, who rely on fishing and farming for sustenance, society is patriarchal and status driven, and fathers are valued as providers, said Gettler.

Anthropologists agree that the rise of paternal care and increased levels of cooperation were important to human evolutionary success by way of helping improve child well-being and survival, but links between fathers testosterone levels and cooperative, prosocial behaviors are still lacking in the field. To pursue these links, Gettlers collaborators including Sheina Lew-Levy, Simon Fraser University, Canada and Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; Mallika Sarma, Johns Hopkins University; Valchy Miegakanda, Institut National de Sant Publique, Republic of the Congo; and Adam Boyette, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany took saliva samples from both the BaYaka and Bondongo fathers to determine testosterone levels. They also asked the men to rank the best fathers in each group based on their communitys valued roles for men.

BaYaka fathers are not playmates with their children like men are in the U.S. and other large-scale, industrialized societies. They spend more time in hands-on care, holding their babies, taking their older children with them to work in the forest, co-sleeping all together as a family at night. But fathers are also part of larger, cooperative community, said Boyette, a senior author on the new paper.

The role of fathers in Bondongo communities differs from BaYaka fathers in that the former are most valued for being providers of resources for their households. Bondongo men often undertake significant risk to hunt, fish and clear plots for farming. Although they are generally committed fathers, Bondongo fathers often do not engage in much nurturing care of their children, which is primarily a womens role in their society. In contrast to the BaYaka results, Bondongo fathers who were rated as better providers had higher testosterone levels.

The researchers also looked at levels of testosterone in relation to marital conflict. They found that men in both societies with higher testosterone levels were ranked (by other men) as having greater conflict with their wives. This is consistent with studies of men in the U.S. and the Philippines.

The data in the BaYaka/Bondongo study are correlational, meaning the researchers do not know if good sharers generous behavior leads to low levels of testosterone, or that low levels of testosterone lead to increased sharing. In previous research, Gettler and other anthropologists have demonstrated that testosterone levels drop significantly when men become fathers. A recent study from Gettlers lab, completed in conjunction with a South Bend hospital, showed that if a dads testosterone level was lower on the second day of his infants life, he would ultimately be more involved in the babys care months later.

Weve learned a great deal about fathers and testosterone in places like the U.S., and weve come to understand that its related to the amount of child care they do and how they support their partners, Gettler said. This could be applied to broader community. During this time when so many of us are struggling, this could make us think about how fathers bodies are functioning in ways that not only connect us to our own families but also how we can help others survive and thrive.

Contact:Colleen Sharkey, assistant director of media relations, 574-631-9958,csharke2@nd.edu

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New study first to define link between testosterone and fathers' social roles outside the family - ND Newswire

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The Testosterone Replacement Therapy Market Research Report published by Global Marketers is an all-inclusive business research study on the current state of the industry which analyzes ground-breaking strategies for business growth and describes significant factors such as top developers, production value, key regions, and growth rate.

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Chapter 10: Marketing Status Analysis

Chapter 11: Testosterone Replacement Therapy industry Market Report Conclusion

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DetailsCategory: Small MoleculesPublished on Friday, 25 September 2020 11:33Hits: 109

First subject dosed with MLE-301, for the treatment of vasomotor symptoms (VMS) in menopausal women

Phase 1 study will evaluate safety, pharmacokinetics and preliminary efficacy

ANN ARBOR, MI, USA I September 24, 2020 I Millendo Therapeutics, Inc. (Nasdaq: MLND), a clinical-stage biopharmaceutical company primarily focused on developing novel treatments for endocrine diseases with significant unmet needs, announced dosing of the first subject in a Phase 1 clinical trial evaluating the safety, pharmacokinetics and preliminary efficacy of MLE-301, a selective neurokinin 3 receptor (NK3R) antagonist that is being developed for the treatment of VMS, commonly known as hot flashes and night sweats, in menopausal women.

We are pleased to advance MLE-301 into clinical development, prioritizing our resources on this valuable asset and leveraging Millendos expertise in the NK3R category," said Julia C. Owens, President and Chief Executive Officer of Millendo Therapeutics. The company is focused on executing our Phase 1 study and understanding more about the safety, PK/PD and efficacy profile of MLE-301 based on the resulting data from this study."

The first-in-human trial is designed to evaluate the safety and tolerability of MLE-301. The single ascending dose portion of the study will be conducted in healthy male volunteers, to determine the pharmacokinetics of MLE-301 and its pharmacodynamic profile as measured by reductions of biomarkers (luteinizing hormone, testosterone). The Phase 1 multiple ascending dose portion will enroll post-menopausal women, allowing measurement of reductions in VMS frequency and severity, and establishment of initial clinical proof of concept. The Phase 1 clinical trial is supported by strong preclinical data that showed potency and selectivity for the NK3R receptor, the potential for once-daily dosing, and testosterone lowering effects consistent with the expected activity of an NK3R antagonist. Based on its demonstrated in vitro and in vivo activity, Millendo believes MLE-301 may have meaningful clinical impact in an area of high unmet medical need.

"Over 20 million women in the U.S. suffer from VMS associated with menopause, including hot flashes and night sweats that can severely impact quality of life, overall productivity and long-term healthcare utilization," said Christophe Arbet-Engels, M.D., Ph.D., Chief Medical Officer of Millendo Therapeutics. With symptoms that last on average over seven years, there is still a critical need for an effective, non-hormonal treatment that has the efficacy of estrogens but without the increased risks of cancer or cardiovascular disease."

About MLE-301

MLE-301 is a neurokinin 3 receptor (NK3R) antagonist that is being developed as a potential treatment of vasomotor symptoms (VMS), commonly known as hot flashes and night sweats, in menopausal women. NK3R plays a key role in regulating the activity of KNDy (kisspeptin/NKB/dynorphin) neurons, which has been shown to participate in the generation of VMS. By inhibiting the NK3R signaling on the KNDy neurons and potentially other NK3R-expressing neurons that propagate heat dissipation signals through the hypothalamus, MLE-301 aims to reduce the effects of hyperactive KNDy neurons and thereby decrease the frequency and severity of vasomotor symptoms.

About Millendo Therapeutics, Inc.

Millendo Therapeutics is a clinical stage biopharmaceutical company primarily focused on developing novel treatments for endocrine diseases where current therapies do not exist or are insufficient. Millendo seeks to create distinct and transformative treatments where there is a significant unmet medical need. The company is currently advancing MLE-301 for the treatment of vasomotor symptoms associated with menopause. For more information, please visit http://www.millendo.com.

SOURCE: Millendo Therapeutics

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Millendo Therapeutics Announces Initiation of First-in-Human Clinical Trial of MLE-301, a Selective NK3R Antagonist | Small Molecules | News Channels...

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With an approximate one in five Indian women suffering from polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), doctors say that more awareness is needed about the condition, especially because it can be controlled by proper diet, exercise and lifestyle changes. A major side effect of the hormone disorder? Acne and hair loss. These are also the symptoms that most patients present with first. We spoke to a dermatologist and a gynaecologist for their take.

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a condition where women produce higher-than-normal amounts of male or androgen hormones. This manifests as small cysts on the ovaries, which disrupt hormone levels and then cause irregular (or delayed periods) due to an ovulation imbalance. But what shows on the outsideacne, thinning hair and excess facial hair, is what patients usually consult their physicians for first.

PCOS disrupts your skin and hair texture. Because there is too much testosterone in the body, there is an increase in sebum and skin cell production, leading to acne. PCOS-induced acne shows up on the jawline, cheeks, chin and upper neck, shares Dr Gupta. Not only is hormonal acne uncomfortable, but it also can be painful, as the cysts and nodules can be hard and long lasting. In some cases, the skin texture becomes dry and there is darkening of the neck and underarms observed, adds Dr Mayur Das, consultant, obstetrics and gynaecology, Max Super Speciality Hospital, Delhi.

Hair growth is also thrown off balance. PCOS causes excess hair growth on face, chest or back. This is called hirsutism, and is a very common symptom. In a lot of cases, there is thicker hair growth on the face and body, but thinning of hair or hair loss near the frontal hairline, states Dr Das. Due to an overabundance of testosterone or androgen, hair may become thin or brittle, and begin to fall out without being immediately replaced.

The underlying cause is the hormonal imbalance, and the treatment for it is multifaceted. Doctors may prescribe oral contraceptives to decrease androgen production and regulate oestrogen, or may treat each symptom (like the hair loss or extreme acne) separately through medications or topicals.

Over-the-counter acne medications typically rely on benzoyl peroxide, salicylic acid, and sulphur to help treat acne. Although these ingredients can help with mild breakouts, they usually aren't enough to treat hormonal acne, says Dr Gupta and adds that the prescription treatment isotretinoin (a type of retinol) may be required in case of severe cystic acne and acne. The doctor may also prescribe antibiotics and spironolactone which helps lower testosterone levelswhich then reduces acne."

These same medications are used to reduce testosterone induced hair loss too, so it all works in tandem. In addition, doctors may suggest other therapies to kickstart hair growth once the hormonal imbalance is in control. PRP, mesotherapy and Progenra help to stimulate cell growth in the scalpan important addition to oral medicines.

Dr Gupta says that tamping down inflammation is important to reduce the intensity of the symptoms. Include leafy greens, seasonal fruits, high fat foods, nuts and seeds. Switch to a nutrient-rich diet with whole foods, less of refined and processed foods which are also heavy on preservatives. Stay away from carb-laden foods like white rice, potatoes, cakes and milk chocolates and cut down on sugar consumption to see a marked difference in your skin and hair texture, she says. Since weight gain and insulin resistance is another byproduct of PCOS, reducing these markers can go a long way in reversing the end result. Exercise is key tooit can lower blood sugar levels and prevent insulin issues. Reducing stress through exercise, meditation and other forms of mindfulness helps to deal with microstressors, which help to control the adrenal and cortisol levels of the body too.

Experts recommend supplementing the diet with omega acids, zinc and biotin to facilitate hair growth from within. Inositols are carbohydrates that can influence the body's insulin response, and when taken as a supplement may help improve metabolic and reproductive aspects of PCOS, explains Dr Gupta.

7 yoga poses to add to your practice if you have PCOS

How these 3 women overcame life-changing diseases through their diet

3 easy steps to treat a red, painful cystic pimple

Link:
How to manage and treat PCOS-induced acne and hair loss - VOGUE India

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Never mind the gender gap. In Iowa, its a chasm.

A recent Des Moines Register Iowa Poll shows President Donald Trump and his Democratic challenger Joe Biden tied at 47 percent apiece.

But Biden leads among women surveyed by 20 percentage points. Trump leads among men by 21. And the poll was taken before the death of Supreme Court Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg, a sad development that leaves hard-fought consititutional gains for women and others in jeopardy.

But whats up fellas? Is it because this president came with a cool hat? Boat parades?

The internet, as you might imagine, is chock full of analysis on this widening gap. Men have been trending more Republican for years, a pace accelerated in 2016, while women are trending more Democratic. Women also are more likely to vote than men.

Maybe its the Trump economy. A Financial Times poll released in February found that 48 percent of white men report theyre better off financially under Trump. But only 33 percent of white women said the same. Black and Latino respondents were much more likely to say their financial situation has worsened under Trump.

And maybe its something else. Two researchers, Eric Knowles and Sarah DiMuccio of New York University, collected web search data on topics such as erectile dysfunction, hair loss, testosterone and surveyed 300 men on whether they had or would ever search those topics. They found support for Trump in 2016 was higher in areas of the country that had more searches for erectile dysfunction.

Draw your own conclusions.

But why, after weve seen this train wreck president in action, are men still clinging to Trump? Puzzled, I asked a very close female associate who did not want to be dragged into this.

For one thing, the end of political correctness and the beginning of a golden era of locker room talk promised by Trump did not materialize. Quite the opposite, the election of a president who bragged of sexual assault sparked the #MeToo movement and a reckoning for men from the top down. It shook up male-dominated power structures and held men accountable for horrid behavior.

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Women, who have faced unfair treatment, harassment and oppression, are more supportive of the Democratic view of economic equality, including ending the unfair treatment, harassment and oppression of Black Americans and other disadvantaged groups. The need for societal change is more obvious to women than men, especially white guys. Karens who call the cops, notwithstanding.

Men might see the Black Lives Matter movement as anti-police, a bunch of rioters or a threat to law and order. Women heard George Floyd calling for his mother just before he died under the knee of a Minneapolis police officer.

As the primary caregivers, educators and family leaders, the added duties and disruptions of the pandemic have hit women far harder. Theyre the ones on the front lines wrestling with home learning, finances and all the added stress of a world turned upside down.

So when the president blows off the virus and bungles the federal response, its women who pay the highest cost for his negligence.

This all makes sense. Women seem much better equipped to judge the needs of this national moment and act accordingly. Men, not so much. Maybe we should sit this one out, fellas. Ill see about cool hats.

(319) 398-8262; todd.dorman@thegazette.com

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Maybe men should sit this one out - The Gazette

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