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Some recipients of human growth hormone showed signs of Alzheimers disease on their brain scans

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Five people appear to have developed Alzheimers disease after receiving growth hormones from deceased donors brains as children. Although based on a small group of people, this suggests that the condition could theoretically be transmitted during medical procedures. However, measures are in place to prevent this. One expert has also pointed out that this study doesnt definitively prove that these recipients developed Alzheimers in this way.

From the late 1950s until 1985, children around the world with growth issues received injections of human growth hormone, derived from the pituitary gland in the brains of donor cadavers. In the UK, more than 1800 children received this treatment, while around 7700 children did so in the US.

The approach was banned globally when it came to light that some recipients died from a rare condition called Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease after receiving hormones contaminated with misfolded proteins called prions. These cause progressive and irreparable damage to the brain and nervous system by clumping together and making other proteins misfold.

Now, Gargi Banerjee at University College London and her colleagues have uncovered a handful of other people who may have developed Alzheimers disease from these treatments. Similar to prion-related conditions, a key characteristic of Alzheimers is the abnormal build-up of two misfolded proteins in the brain: amyloid-beta and tau.

As part of the UKs National Prion Monitoring Cohort, the team reviewed eight cases where people received batches of donated human growth hormones as children that were later discovered to contain traces of misfolded amyloid-beta.

Of these eight, seven reported cognitive issues in their 40s and 50s. Three of them were diagnosed with Alzheimers disease, while two met the diagnostic criteria for the condition after reporting symptoms such as memory loss and difficulty concentrating. Another two experienced cognitive impairment, while the eighth person had no symptoms, but showed signs of Alzheimers in brain scans. Of the group, six survive.

All the recipients bar one, who only self-reported having cognitive impairment, had elevated levels of misfolded amyloid-beta and tau in their brains.

In another part of their study, the researchers analysed the DNA of five of the recipients, the only ones with samples available, and found that none had a heightened genetic risk of any neurodegenerative condition, suggesting that their symptoms werent inherited.

Writing in their paper, the researchers say there could be alternative explanations for the findings. For example, two of the individuals had an intellectual disability, which has been linked to a heightened risk of dementia, and the recipients initial growth issues may have led to cognitive impairments. But based on the fact that few people have developed early-onset Alzheimers disease after receiving uncontaminated growth hormones, the team concludes that contaminated injections are the most plausible cause.

Its important to recognise that this very rare, acquired form of Alzheimers disease exists, so that people treated with cadaveric growth hormone can get help and support should they need it, says Banerjee. There is no suggestion that Alzheimers disease can be transmitted between people during close contact, or by caring for people with Alzheimers disease, or via routine medical care.

The researchers write that the results should prompt both further consideration of public health implications and the primary prevention of [transmissible] Alzheimers disease for example, by ensuring effective decontamination of surgical instruments, which is already routinely done.

They are now working with the UK Health Security Agency and the Department of Health and Social Care to determine how many people who received these hormone injections may be at risk.

Lawrence Honig at Columbia University in New York says that the study doesnt prove that Alzheimers was due to these injections. There were apparently about 2000 persons who received these HGH [human growth hormone] preparations in the UK, and Alzheimers disease biomarker and pathological changes in the 50s are not extraordinarily uncommon, so an association, or causative association, from the injections cannot be certain, he says.

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Contaminated hormone injections may have given five people Alzheimer's - New Scientist

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A new report published in the journal Nature Medicine found that some patients who received human growth hormone from the pituitary glands of cadaver donors from 1959 to 1985 developed early cases of Alzheimers, possibly from contaminated samples that featured a protein associated with the disease. A handful of patients in the study displayed symptoms of early onset Alzheimers, with the youngest at 38 years old, and others were found to have the associated protein in their brains when they died. Researchers concluded that it is possible to develop Alzheimers from the transfer of a contaminated hormone, but they cautioned against overextending the scope of the results. Were not suggesting for a moment you can catch Alzheimers disease. This is not transmissible in the sense of a viral or bacterial infection, one of the co-authors of the study told the Guardian. The procedure that caused the patients in the study to degenerate has been discontinued for decades.

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Some Patients Got Early Alzheimer's From Contaminated HGH Treatment: Report - The Daily Beast

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A new report published in the journal Nature Medicine found that some patients who received human growth hormone from the pituitary glands of cadaver donors from 1959 to 1985 developed early cases of Alzheimers, possibly from contaminated samples that featured a protein associated with the disease. A handful of patients in the study displayed symptoms of early onset Alzheimers, with the youngest at 38 years old, and others were found to have the associated protein in their brains when they died. Researchers concluded that it is possible to develop Alzheimers from the transfer of a contaminated hormone, but they cautioned against overextending the scope of the results. Were not suggesting for a moment you can catch Alzheimers disease. This is not transmissible in the sense of a viral or bacterial infection, one of the co-authors of the study told the Guardian. The procedure that caused the patients in the study to degenerate has been discontinued for decades.

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Read more at The Daily Beast.

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Some Patients Got Early Alzheimer's From Contaminated HGH Treatment: Report - Yahoo! Voices

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Scientists believe that a rare medical treatment withdrawn in the 1980s may have caused some very rare cases of Alzheimer's.

Research published in the Nature Medicine journal suggests the individuals acquired a "rogue protein" that causes dementia from a growth hormone taken from the brains of deceased people, said Sky News.

Although the findings do not mean that Alzheimer's is infectious, the results could have significant implications for our understanding of dementia.

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Researchers studied eight people in the UK who, as children, received cadaver-derived human growth hormone (c-hGH) that had been extracted from the brains of human corpses.

At least 1,848 people received the c-hGH between the 1950s and 1980s. Some died from Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD), a degenerative brain condition, because the hormone infusions they received contained infectious proteins called prions that cause severe abnormalities in the brain. Prions are proteins that act like "seeds" of disease, explained Live Science, causing healthy proteins to "fold in abnormal, harmful ways".

The new findings indicate parallels between the evolution of Alzheimers and CJD. None of the eight patients in the new study had developed CJD, but five showed symptoms consistent with early-onset Alzheimer's. In three of the patients, biological and autopsy studies supported an Alzheimer's diagnosis, and they were suggestive in a fourth.

Alzheimer's disease is "the most common cause of dementia in the UK", said the NHS. An estimated one in 14 people over the age of 65 has Alzheimer's and other types of dementia, rising to one in six over the age of 80.

Alzheimer's is thought to be caused by the abnormal build-up of proteins in and around brain cells.

"We are not suggesting for a moment that you can catch Alzheimer's disease," said Professor John Collinge, of University College Londons Institute of Prion Diseases, as it is "not transmissible in the sense of a viral or bacterial infection".

Instead, said Live Science, the seed transfer linked to the Alzheimer's cases reported in the new study occurred in a "very specific and extraordinary medical context". And while "in theory", accidental transmissions of Alzheimer's seeds "could be possible in other medical procedures", steps are being taken to avoid any future repeats.

Dr Richard Oakley, associate director of research and innovation at Alzheimer's Society, told Science Media Centre that there was "no cause for concern for the health of the general population", and reiterated that the hormone treatment had not been used since 1985.

No, said Science News. Researchers "can't be certain" that contaminated growth hormone caused these people's Alzheimer's. It is possible that "the underlying childhood conditions that necessitated the growth hormone treatments", or "other medical procedures such as radiation", contributed to early Alzheimer's or cognitive problems.

As well as preventing similar transmissions, experts hope the findings might increase the understanding of dementia.

"One question is what can be done to stop such transmissions in future," said The Economist, and another is what the findings "might mean for treating Alzheimer's, even in people in whom the disease develops spontaneously".

The findings are a potential boost for research into diagnostics and therapies to combat all forms of dementia, as they might open up new treatment possibilities for a disease that is currently incurable.

The study has "revealed more about how amyloid fragments can spread within the brain", Dr Mava May, associate director of research at the Stroke Association, told Science Media Centre. This provides "further clues on how Alzheimer's disease progresses and potential new targets for the treatments of tomorrow".

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How the transmission of Alzheimer's might be possible - The Week

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In this new study, researchers indicate that between 1959 and 1985, at least 1,848 patients in the United Kingdom were treated with human growth hormones extracted from the pituitary glands of deceased donors, known as human cadaveric pituitary-derived growth hormone (c-hGH). Patients received these hormone injections several times per week, over the course of several months or years, to treat severe short stature and other conditions caused by hormone deficiencies.

The treatments were discontinued in 1985, after at least one patient treated with c-hGH died from iatrogenic CreutzfeldtJakob disease (iCJD), a rare but rapidly progressive and degenerative brain disease that is acquired when infectious brain proteins are accidentally transmitted to patients during medical or surgical procedures that use cadaveric tissue.

Researchers later tested archived batches of the c-hGH treatments and found they were contaminated with measurable quantities of AB seeding; precursors to developing Alzheimers disease.

According to findings published this week in the medical journal Nature Medicine, at least 200 cases of iCJD have been reported worldwide as a result of the contaminated treatments.

The researchers analyzed the medical history of eight individuals treated with c-hGH injections during different stages of childhood, who were referred to the National Prion Clinic (NPC) in the UK, which studies those diagnosed or at risk of developing brain diseases from the therapies.

At least five patients exhibited symptoms consistent with those seen with early-onset dementia, including progressive cognitive impairment, which developed between 38 and 55 years of age, between three and four decades after c-hGH exposure. Three of the five patients had been diagnosed with Alzheimers disease prior to be being referred to the clinic, and the other two patients presented symptoms seen among those with the disease, including memory loss, trouble communicating, and changes in behavior or personality.

Researchers reviewed brain scans of the patients, which showed progressive loss of brain tissue volume that are consistent with neurodegenerative diseases. Three of the eight study participants died, and autopsies revealed accumulations of infectious AB deposits in the brain, similar to those seen among those suffering from Alzheimers disease.

Genetic testing ruled out any potential genetic factors for developing adult-onset brain disorders, and the patients ages meant sporadic early-onset was unlikely, leading researchers to determine the new and progressive cognitive disturbances seen among the patients were the result of repeated c-hGH exposure. Among the study participants, at least four c-hGH recipients were diagnosed with confirmed Alzheimers disease, five met the standard definition for dementia, two with a clinical diagnosis of dementia were suspected to also have Alzheimers, and one had mild cognitive impairment, according to the findings.

The findings suggest Alzheimers disease can be transmitted in certain circumstances, such as during medical procedures. While there is no evidence that it can be transmitted to others during daily activities, researchers indicate further studies are needed to analyze exactly how this disease spreads. Researchers also indicate the findings warrant further preventative measures to avoid medically transmitted brain diseases, such as ensuring surgical instruments and other medical treatments are properly disinfected.

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Growth Hormone Treatment May Have Transmitted Alzheimer's to Children, Study Warns - AboutLawsuits.com

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Robina Weermeijer

By Isobel Williams via SWNS

A growth hormone given to children that was banned in 1985 has been shown to have caused Alzheimer's disease, a new study has revealed.

The hormone, derived from the pituitary gland of human corpses, was known as c-hGH or cadaver-derived human growth hormone.

It was used to treat at least 1,848 people of short stature in the UK between 1959 and 1985.

It was banned after some batches were contaminated with infectious proteins, or prions, which had caused Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) a brain disease, in some people.

CJD normally proves fatal within eight months. A variant of CJD was known as mad cow disease

It has now been discovered that this treatment also left prematurely developed deposits of the amyloid-beta protein in participants brains, which is the cause of Alzheimers.

A team from University College London Hospital have now shown that at least five recipients of c-hGH developed Alzheimer's as a result.

Professor John Collinge from UCLH said: There is no suggestion whatsoever that Alzheimers disease can be transmitted between individuals during activities of daily life or routine medical care.

The patients we have described were given a specific and long-discontinued medical treatment which involved injecting patients with material now known to have been contaminated with disease-related proteins.

However, the recognition of transmission of amyloid-beta pathology in these rare situations should lead us to review measures to prevent accidental transmission via other medical or surgical procedures, in order to prevent such cases occurring in future.

Importantly, our findings also suggest that Alzheimer's and some other neurological conditions share similar disease processes to CJD, and this may have important implications for understanding and treating Alzheimers disease in the future.

Photo by cottonbro studio via Pexels

To get their results, published in the journal Nature Medicine, the team studied eight people referred to UCLHs National Prion Clinic at the National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery in London, who had all been given this treatment in childhood.

They found that five of these people had symptoms of dementia, and either had already been diagnosed with Alzheimers disease or would meet the diagnostic criteria for this condition.

Another person was found to have met the criteria for mild cognitive impairment, and all these people were between 38 and 55 years old when they started having neurological symptoms.

The unusually young age at which these patients developed symptoms suggests they did not have the usual sporadic Alzheimers which is associated with old age.

In the five patients in whom samples were available for genetic testing, the team also ruled out inherited Alzheimers disease.

The researchers stress that this is extremely rare, and now that the treatment is no longer in use there is no risk of any new transmission.

Professor Jonathan Schott said: It is important to stress that the circumstances through which we believe these individuals tragically developed Alzheimers are highly unusual, and to reinforce that there is no risk that the disease can be spread between individuals or in routine medical care.

These findings do, however, provide potentially valuable insights into disease mechanisms, and pave the way for further research which we hope will further our understanding of the causes of more typical, late onset Alzheimers disease.

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Researchers find tie between banned growth hormone and Alzheimer's - NBC Right Now

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Holy shit this sounds awesome! Well be there no matter what. From my research aka watching the Social Network I know Peter Thiel is the guy that invested in Facebook early on so Im just gonna assume hes very smart and that this plan will work smoothly!

Say what you want about the negative effects of steroids but seeing a bunch of elite athletes juiced to the gills competing and setting world records* (obviously with asterisks) would be incredible to watch. Literally the steroid era of baseball (by far the best, most fun era to watch) but with other sports? Count me in! I like the sports they listed but lets add a few more to the mix! How about baseball? They said combat sports but which ones? Wrestling? Boxing? MMA? Lets do all of the above! Lets take the greatest athletes this world has to offer and pump their bodies with steroids, HGH, whatever performance enhancers they can get their hands on! Lets see the maximum physical capabilities of the human body/mind. Rob McElhenney even wants to do a docuseries on it!

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A Group of Venture Capitalists Are Starting An Olympic-Style Competition That Would Allow Steroids, HGH And Other ... - Barstool Sports

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Alzheimers disease, a devastating neurological condition affecting people in late adulthood, may have been acquired by five individuals through medical treatments received decades ago. This marks the first instance of Alzheimers in living patients potentially linked to medical procedures.

The individuals in question were treated as children with cadaver-derived human growth hormone (c-hGH), extracted from the pituitary glands of deceased donors. This treatment was administered to at least 1,848 people in the UK between 1959 and 1985 for various forms of short stature. The practice was discontinued in 1985 after it was discovered that some batches of c-hGH were contaminated with infectious proteins called prions, responsible for Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) in some patients. Fortunately, this medication was replaced a long time ago by synthetic growth hormone, which is free from the risk of transmitting CJD.

The same researchers previously found that some patients with CJD due to c-hGH treatment had also developed deposits of amyloid-beta protein in their brains prematurely. Further research in 2018 revealed that archived samples of c-hGH were contaminated with amyloid-beta protein. When injected into laboratory mice, these samples transmitted amyloid-beta pathology, suggesting that long-term survivors of c-hGH treatment might develop Alzheimers disease.

Amyloid-beta, a fragment produced from a larger precursor protein, is now considered a hallmark of Alzheimers. Patients with this condition have unusually high quantities of amyloid-beta in their brains.

In a healthy brain, amyloid-beta plays various roles, including regulating neural activity and supporting brain health. However, in Alzheimers disease, something goes awry. The protein begins to accumulate, forming clumps and eventually dense, insoluble plaques that disrupt brain function. This process is believed to be a critical factor in the onset and progression of Alzheimers, but the exact reasons why and how this accumulation occurs remain one of the great mysteries of modern neuroscience.

The new study focuses on eight individuals who received c-hGH treatment in childhood. The patients were admitted to the University College Londons National Prion Clinic at the National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery. Among them, five displayed dementia symptoms consistent with Alzheimers disease or met the diagnostic criteria for it.

What is striking is their age range: 38 to 55 years when symptoms appeared, far younger than the typical onset age for sporadic Alzheimers in the mid-60s or later. Genetic testing ruled out inherited Alzheimers in these patients.

The c-hGH treatment is now obsolete, so there is no risk of new transmissions via this route. The authors of the study emphasize that the circumstances of these Alzheimers cases are highly unusual and that the disease cannot be spread through daily contact. There is no way you can get Alzheimers through close contact or routine care of a patient that was never a remote possibility.

However, now that this old treatment has been strongly linked to acquired Alzheimers, one can only wonder if other treatments, discontinued or otherwise, may also be responsible for Alzheimers.

The recognition of transmission of amyloid-beta pathology in these rare situations should lead us to review measures to prevent accidental transmission via other medical or surgical procedures, to prevent such cases from occurring in the future, said lead author Professor John Collinge, Director of the UCL Institute of Prion Diseases.

Importantly, our findings also suggest that Alzheimers and some other neurological conditions share similar disease processes to CJD, and this may have important implications for understanding and treating Alzheimers disease in the future.

The findings appeared in the journal Nature Medicine.

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Scientists document first cases of acquired Alzheimer's due to decades-old childhood treatment - ZME Science

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LONDON A growth hormone administered to children, banned since 1985, is now displaying a link to Alzheimers disease. This hormone, extracted from the pituitary glands of human corpses, is called cadaver-derived human growth hormone (c-hGH). From 1959 to 1985, researchers in the United Kingdom say doctors administered it to at least 1,848 individuals dealing with growth deficiencies.

The use of c-hGH stopped after scientists discovered that some batches were contaminated with infectious proteins called prions. These contaminants were responsible for causing Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD), a fatal brain condition, among some recipients. CJD typically leads to death within eight months. A variant of CJD commonly goes by the name mad cow disease.

Recent findings indicate that this treatment also resulted in premature development of amyloid-beta protein deposits in the brains of participants, a known cause of Alzheimers disease. Researchers from University College London Hospital have now demonstrated that at least five individuals who received c-hGH subsequently developed Alzheimers as a consequence.

There is no suggestion whatsoever that Alzheimers disease can be transmitted between individuals during activities of daily life or routine medical care. The patients we have described were given a specific and long-discontinued medical treatment which involved injecting patients with material now known to have been contaminated with disease-related proteins, says study lead author Professor John Collinge, Director of the UCL Institute of Prion Diseases and a consultant neurologist at UCLH, in a media release.

However, the recognition of transmission of amyloid-beta pathology in these rare situations should lead us to review measures to prevent accidental transmission via other medical or surgical procedures, in order to prevent such cases occurring in future, Prof. Collinge continues.

Importantly, our findings also suggest that Alzheimers and some other neurological conditions share similar disease processes to CJD, and this may have important implications for understanding and treating Alzheimers disease in the future.

In their study, published in Nature Medicine, the researchers at University College London Hospitals National Prion Clinic, based at the National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery in London, examined eight individuals. These individuals, who all received the controversial treatment during childhood, were referred to the clinic.

The team discovered that five of these individuals exhibited symptoms of dementia. They had either already been diagnosed with Alzheimers disease or met the diagnostic criteria for the condition. Additionally, another individual was identified as meeting the criteria for mild cognitive impairment. Notably, these patients were between 38 and 55 years-old when they first exhibited neurological symptoms, which is unusually young. This early onset of symptoms indicates that their condition differed from the typical sporadic Alzheimers disease, which is commonly associated with older age.

Furthermore, in the five patients for whom genetic testing samples were available, the researchers ruled out the possibility of inherited Alzheimers disease. The researchers emphasized that this situation is extremely rare. Additionally, they reassured us that since the implicated treatment is no longer in use, there is no risk of new cases arising from this cause.

It is important to stress that the circumstances through which we believe these individuals tragically developed Alzheimers are highly unusual, and to reinforce that there is no risk that the disease can be spread between individuals or in routine medical care, concludes study co-author Professor Jonathan Schott from the UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology.

These findings do, however, provide potentially valuable insights into disease mechanisms, and pave the way for further research which we hope will further our understanding of the causes of more typical, late onset Alzheimers disease. South West News Service writer Isobel Williams contributed to this report.

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Banned growth hormone linked to Alzheimer's disease -- Former child patients at risk - Study Finds

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A medical treatment given to children in the UK may have led to some developing Alzheimers disease decades later, new research out Monday suggests. The study presents evidence that at least five people contracted the neurodegenerative disorder from having received human growth hormones contaminated with rogue amyloid beta protein. The authors point out that Alzheimers cannot be caught person-to-person through conventional means, however, and this specific infection risk no longer exists today.

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Starting in the 1950s, scientists learned how to extract human growth hormone (HGH) from the pituitary glands of cadavers. Unfortunately, the method only provided minute amounts of hormone at a time, which limited the supply of HGH available for medical and research purposes. As a result, its distribution was meticulously handled, and it was typically only given to treat the most severe growth-related conditions in children.

This remained the status quo for the next 30 years, with more than 20,000 children worldwide having received this form of cadaver-derived HGH. But in the mid-1980s, health officials in the U.S. and elsewhere began to get unusual reports of people coming down with Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD), a rare but universally fatal neurodegenerative disease. These cases were happening in much younger people than typically seen with CJD, and it was soon discovered those affected shared a history of past HGH treatment. Within months of this discovery, the U.S. and other countries shut down their cadaver HGH programs.

These cases, as it turned out, were caused by HGH seeded with a persons misfolded prionsmutinous proteins that eat away at the brain by gradually transforming normal prions into their misfolded form. It can take years to decades before the symptoms of a prion disease appear, explaining why it took so long for the connection to be discovered. As of today, there have been around 220 cases of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease linked to cadaver-derived HGH, with some showing up to 40 years later.

Researchers at the University of College London have continued to keep track of potential cases of illness tied to HGH. And over time, theyve come across patients who seem to have avoided CJD but have developed other neurological conditions, including Alzheimers disease. In a paper published in Nature Medicine Monday, they argue that these cases represent a rare but real form of transmissible Alzheimers.

The paper details eight patients who visited the UCLs National Prion Clinic. Five of them appear to have developed early onset Alzheimers, with a sixth having mild cognitive impairment. But none of the patients seemed to have known genetic mutations that cause Alzheimers to happen at a younger age or other shared factors besides a past history of HGH treatment.

Alzheimers is caused by the build-up of two misfolded proteins in the brain, amyloid beta and tau, with amyloid beta seen as the driving force of the two. The teams past research has found amyloid beta inside the brains of people who died from HGH-caused Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, as well as inside samples of preserved HGH. And in the lab, theyve been able to successfully cause mice to develop Alzheimers-like illness after exposing them to these contaminated samples.

Put all the pieces together, the study authors say, and its enough to show that Alzheimers disease should now be recognized as a potentially transmissible disorder.

The teams work is the latest to suggest that Alzheimers and other neurodegenerative conditions have a lot in common with prion diseases like CJD (some scientists have even argued that they effectively are prion diseases). Prion diseases are usually inherited or occur spontaneously, for instance, but have rarely been transmitted through contaminated beef or the ritualistic cannibalism of human brains, in addition to HGH treatments. At the same time, people shouldnt be worried about catching Alzheimers or prion diseases like they would a typical infectious germ, like a virus. And scientists eventually learned how to synthesize HGH in the lab that carries no risk of prion or amyloid contamination. This version was given regulatory approval soon after the cadaver programs were shut down.

It is important to stress that the circumstances through which we believe these individuals tragically developed Alzheimers are highly unusual, and to reinforce that there is no risk that the disease can be spread between individuals or in routine medical care, said study author Jonathan Schott, a UCL neurologist and chief medical officer at Alzheimers Research UK, in a statement from the university. These findings do, however, provide potentially valuable insights into disease mechanisms, and pave the way for further research which we hope will further our understanding of the causes of more typical, late onset Alzheimers disease.

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