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LONDON--(BUSINESS WIRE)--Technavio has been monitoring the global keto diet market and it is poised to grow by USD 1.18 billion during 2020-2024, progressing at a CAGR of almost 5% during the forecast period. The report offers an up-to-date analysis regarding the current market scenario, latest trends and drivers, and the overall market environment.

Although the COVID-19 pandemic continues to transform the growth of various industries, the immediate impact of the outbreak is varied. While a few industries will register a drop in demand, numerous others will continue to remain unscathed and show promising growth opportunities. Technavios in-depth research has all your needs covered as our research reports include all foreseeable market scenarios, including pre- & post-COVID-19 analysis. Download a Free Sample Report

The market is fragmented, and the degree of fragmentation will accelerate during the forecast period. Ample Foods, Ancient Nutrition, Bulletproof 360 Inc., Dang Foods Co., Essentially Keto, Fat Snax, Glanbia Plc, Perfect Keto LLC, Prvit Ventures Inc., and The Good Fat Co. Ltd. are some of the major market participants. To make the most of the opportunities, market vendors should focus more on the growth prospects in the fast-growing segments, while maintaining their positions in the slow-growing segments.

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The increasing availability of keto products has been instrumental in driving the growth of the market.

Technavio's custom research reports offer detailed insights on the impact of COVID-19 at an industry level, a regional level, and subsequent supply chain operations. This customized report will also help clients keep up with new product launches in direct & indirect COVID-19 related markets, upcoming vaccines and pipeline analysis, and significant developments in vendor operations and government regulations. https://www.technavio.com/report/keto-diet-market-industry-analysis

Keto Diet Market 2020-2024: Segmentation

Keto Diet Market is segmented as below:

To learn more about the global trends impacting the future of market research, download a free sample: https://www.technavio.com/talk-to-us?report=IRTNTR40557

Keto Diet Market 2020-2024: Scope

Technavio presents a detailed picture of the market by the way of study, synthesis, and summation of data from multiple sources. The keto diet market report covers the following areas:

This study identifies the growing obese population as one of the prime reasons driving the keto diet market growth during the next few years.

Technavio suggests three forecast scenarios (optimistic, probable, and pessimistic) considering the impact of COVID-19. Technavios in-depth research has direct and indirect COVID-19 impacted market research reports.

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Keto Diet Market 2020-2024: Key Highlights

Table of Contents:

Executive Summary

Market Landscape

Market Sizing

Five Forces Analysis

Market Segmentation by Product

Customer Landscape

Geographic Landscape

Drivers, Challenges, and Trends

Vendor Landscape

Vendor Analysis

Appendix

About Us

Technavio is a leading global technology research and advisory company. Their research and analysis focus on emerging market trends and provides actionable insights to help businesses identify market opportunities and develop effective strategies to optimize their market positions. With over 500 specialized analysts, Technavios report library consists of more than 17,000 reports and counting, covering 800 technologies, spanning across 50 countries. Their client base consists of enterprises of all sizes, including more than 100 Fortune 500 companies. This growing client base relies on Technavios comprehensive coverage, extensive research, and actionable market insights to identify opportunities in existing and potential markets and assess their competitive positions within changing market scenarios.

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Burden of COVID-19 on the Market & Rehabilitation Plan | Global Keto Diet Market 2020-2024 | Increasing Availability of Keto Products to Boost...

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Global Testosterone Cypionate Injection Market Growth 2020-2025 organized by researchers atMarketsandResearch.bizpresents a detailed diagram of the market in terms of current and future trends driving the profit pattern. The report includes informative data figures and key insights regarding the market components such as market size, market share, market segmentation, significant growth drivers, and market competition. The report outlines expected business up-downs, different aspects impacting economic cycles in the market, demand, changing customer sentiments, key companies operating in the global Testosterone Cypionate Injection market, and regional landscape with the help of statistics, diagrams, charts, and graphs. It provides a SWOT analysis of the competitive landscape of the market.

Then the report covers factors such as industry value chain, key consumption trends, recent patterns of customer behaviors, overall spending capacity analysis, market expansion rate, etc. This study categorizes the global Testosterone Cypionate Injection breakdown data by manufacturers, region, type, and applications, also analyzes the market drivers, opportunities, and challenges. There is a section featuring the essential data gathered through Industry specialists and key authorities of profiled organizations. Leading players are considered relying upon their organization profile, item portfolio, limit, item/benefit value, deals, and cost/benefit.

NOTE:This report takes into account the current and future impacts of COVID-19 on this industry and offers you an in-dept analysis of Testosterone Cypionate Injection market.

DOWNLOAD FREE SAMPLE REPORT: https://www.marketsandresearch.biz/sample-request/59758

Key manufacturers analysis: Cipla, Hikma, Pfizer, Sun Pharma, Perrigo, Paddock Laboratories, Genesis Pharmaceuticals, Meditech Pharmaceutical, Perrigo,

On the basis of product types, the global market is classified into: 100mg/ml, 200mg/ml,

On the basis of end-users, the global market is classified into: Hospital, Clinics, Recovery Center,

This Report Enfolds Following Market Aspects:

Key players strategic initiatives and competitive developments such as joint ventures, mergers, and new product launches in the market are taken into consideration. Testosterone Cypionate Injection providers, research and consulting firms, government and research organizations, and associations and industry bodies are the target audiences of this market research report. Forecast estimates are given for regional demand & supply factor, investment, market dynamics including technical scenario, consumer behavior, and end-use industry trends and dynamics, and capacity.

The global Testosterone Cypionate Injection market report also analyzes the major geographic regions as well as the major countries in these regions. The regions and countries covered in the study include: Americas (United States, Canada, Mexico, Brazil), APAC (China, Japan, Korea, Southeast Asia, India, Australia), Europe (Germany, France, UK, Italy, Russia), Middle East & Africa (Egypt, South Africa, Israel, Turkey, GCC Countries)

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This report can be customized to meet the clients requirements. Please connect with our sales team ([emailprotected]), who will ensure that you get a report that suits your needs. You can also get in touch with our executives on +1-201-465-4211 to share your research requirements.

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Marketsandresearch.biz is a leading global Market Research agency providing expert research solutions, trusted by the best. We understand the importance of knowing what global consumers watch and buy, further using the same to document our distinguished research reports. Marketsandresearch.biz has worldwide presence to facilitate real market intelligence using latest methodology, best-in-class research techniques and cost-effective measures for worlds leading research professionals and agencies. We study consumers in more than 100 countries to give you the most complete view of trends and habits worldwide. Marketsandresearch.biz is a leading provider of Full-Service Research, Global Project Management, Market Research Operations and Online Panel Services.

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Global Testosterone Cypionate Injection Market 2020 Worldwide Industry Size, Key Vendors, Growth Drivers, Opportunity, Forecast to 2025 - Jewish Life...

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GTA Online offers a range of exciting missions, tasks, and challenges that users can participate in to get some extra cash and rewards in the game. The game also has a feature called Daily Objectives that was introduced in GTA 5 Online with the Heists update. Its one of the best ways to earn cash and RP rewards by completing a given set of objectives every day. And while most of the objectives do not require a player to pay an entry cost, there are certain objective activities such as Getting a Bull Shark Testosterone that require users to incur a certain amount.

Also Read |Gang Attack Locations In GTA 5 Online: How To Complete Gang Attack Mission?

A Bull Shark Testosterone is one of the usable items in GTA 5 Online. It is created with the help of Chilean bull sharks testicles. This testosterone is mostly used by Brucie Kibbutz, who has even established a company that sells the item.

To complete the Bull Shark Testosterone challenge as part of your daily objective, you need to have GTA$500. Once you have the required amount, pull up your phone and call Brucie.

Select the option Bull Shark Testosterone (this will be the only available option in the menu). Soon after, you will see a green capsule marking your testosterone show up on the map. Go to the location and pick it up to complete the daily objective.

Alternatively, you have an option to pick up some Bull Shark Testosterone from deathmatches or in any other mode where it appears.

Also Read |GTA 5 Confirmed For PS5: When Does The New PlayStation Game Come Out?

These objectives are the missions that players need to complete within 24 hours. The objectives get renewed on a daily basis with a new set of missions appearing in the game. The game is currently offering $1,000,000 to the players for completing 10 daily objectives.

Also Read |How To Bribe Cops In GTA 5 Online And What Are The Different Rewards?

You can locate the daily GTA Online objectives from the Play Quick Jobs option or theOnline tab on the main menu. The online mode gives you much more control over what youre doing and is one of the easiest ways to access and complete the daily objectives. Here are the simple steps you need to follow to access the daily objectives in GTA Online:

Step 1: Launch GTA Online on your device and open the main menu with the map. Click on the Online option.

Step 2: Select Jobs.

Step 3: Click on Play jobs.

Step 4: Scroll down and look for the option Rockstar Created. Click on it.

Step 5: From the Rockstar Created menu, you need to choose from the missions that are available in the Daily Objectives section.

Also Read |How To Do Daily Objectives In GTA 5 Online And What Is Today's Challenge?

Image credits: Rockstar Games

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How to get Bull Shark Testosterone in GTA 5 Online to complete your daily objective - Republic World - Republic World

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Testosterone Replacement Therapy

In a recent study published by QY Research, titled Global Testosterone Replacement Therapy MarketResearch Report, analysts offer an in-depth analysis of the global Testosterone Replacement Therapy market. The study analyzes the various aspects of the market by studying its historic and forecast data. The research report provides a Porters five force model, SWOT analysis, and PESTEL analysis of the Testosterone Replacement Therapy market. The different areas covered in the report are Testosterone Replacement Therapy market size, drivers and restraints, segment analysis, geographic outlook, major manufacturers in the market, competitive landscape, value/volume data, marketing strategies, and expert views

Major Key Player operating in this report are: AbbVie, Endo International, Eli lilly, Pfizer, Actavis (Allergan), Bayer, Novartis, Teva, Mylan, Upsher-Smith, Ferring Pharmaceuticals, Kyowa Kirin, Acerus Pharmaceuticals

Get PDF Sample Copy of the Report to understand the structure of the complete report: (Including Full TOC, List of Tables & Figures, Chart) :

https://www.qyresearch.com/sample-form/form/1433485/global-testosterone-replacement-therapy-market

Segmental Analysis

The report has classified the global Testosterone Replacement Therapy industry into segments including product type and application. Every segment is evaluated based on growth rate and share. Besides, the analysts have studied the potential regions that may prove rewarding for the Testosterone Replacement Therapy manufacturers in the coming years. The regional analysis includes reliable predictions on value and volume, thereby helping market players to gain deep insights into the overall Testosterone Replacement Therapy industry.

Global Testosterone Replacement Therapy Market Segment By Type:

, Gels, Injections, Patches, Other

Global Testosterone Replacement Therapy Market Segment By Application:

, Hospitals, Clinics, Others Key Players: The Key manufacturers that are operating in the

In terms of region, this research report covers almost all the major regions across the globe such as North America, Europe, South America, the Middle East, and Africa, and the Asia Pacific. Europe and North America regions are anticipated to show an upward growth in the years to come. While Testosterone Replacement Therapy market in Asia Pacific regions is likely to show remarkable growth during the forecasted period. Cutting edge technology and innovations are the most important traits of the North America region and thats the reason most of the time the US dominates the global markets. The keyword market in the South, America region is also expected to grow in the near future.

Competitive Landscape

It is important for every market participant to be familiar with the competitive scenario in the global Testosterone Replacement Therapy industry. In order to fulfil the requirements, the industry analysts have evaluated the strategic activities of the competitors to help the key players strengthen their foothold in the market and increase their competitiveness.

Key companies operating in the global Testosterone Replacement Therapy market include: AbbVie, Endo International, Eli lilly, Pfizer, Actavis (Allergan), Bayer, Novartis, Teva, Mylan, Upsher-Smith, Ferring Pharmaceuticals, Kyowa Kirin, Acerus Pharmaceuticals

Key questions answered in the report:

What is the growth potential of the Testosterone Replacement Therapy market?

Which product segment will grab a lions share?

Which regional market will emerge as a frontrunner in the coming years?

Which application segment will grow at a robust rate?

What are the growth opportunities that may emerge in the Testosterone Replacement Therapy industry in the years to come?

What are the key challenges that the global Testosterone Replacement Therapy market may face in the future?

Which are the leading companies in the global Testosterone Replacement Therapy market?

Which are the key trends positively impacting the market growth?

Which are the growth strategies considered by the players to sustain hold in the global Testosterone Replacement Therapy market

Reasons to buy this report:

QY Research report is designed in a method that assists clients to acquire a complete knowledge of the overall market scenario and the important sectors.

This report consists of a detailed overview of market dynamics and comprehensive research.

Explore further market opportunities and identify high potential categories based on detailed volume and value analysis

Detail information on competitive landscape, recent market trends and changing technologies that can be useful for the companies which are competing in this market

Gaining knowledge about competitive landscape based on detailed brand share analysis to plan an effective market positioning

Enquire Customization in the Report

https://www.qyresearch.com/customize-request/form/1433485/global-testosterone-replacement-therapy-market

Finally, the global Testosterone Replacement Therapy Market is a valuable source of guidance for individuals and companies. One of the major reasons behind providing market attractiveness index is to help the target audience and clients to identify the several market opportunities in the global Testosterone Replacement Therapy market. Moreover, for a better understanding of the market, QY Research has also presented a key to get information about various segments of the global Testosterone Replacement Therapy market.

Tables of ContentTable of Contents 1 Testosterone Replacement Therapy Market Overview1.1 Product Overview and Scope of Testosterone Replacement Therapy1.2 Testosterone Replacement Therapy Segment by Type1.2.1 Global Testosterone Replacement Therapy Sales Growth Rate Comparison by Type (2021-2026)1.2.2 Gels1.2.3 Injections1.2.4 Patches1.2.5 Other1.3 Testosterone Replacement Therapy Segment by Application1.3.1 Testosterone Replacement Therapy Sales Comparison by Application: 2020 VS 20261.3.2 Hospitals1.3.3 Clinics1.3.4 Others1.4 Global Testosterone Replacement Therapy Market Size Estimates and Forecasts1.4.1 Global Testosterone Replacement Therapy Revenue 2015-20261.4.2 Global Testosterone Replacement Therapy Sales 2015-20261.4.3 Testosterone Replacement Therapy Market Size by Region: 2020 Versus 2026 2 Global Testosterone Replacement Therapy Market Competition by Manufacturers2.1 Global Testosterone Replacement Therapy Sales Market Share by Manufacturers (2015-2020)2.2 Global Testosterone Replacement Therapy Revenue Share by Manufacturers (2015-2020)2.3 Global Testosterone Replacement Therapy Average Price by Manufacturers (2015-2020)2.4 Manufacturers Testosterone Replacement Therapy Manufacturing Sites, Area Served, Product Type2.5 Testosterone Replacement Therapy Market Competitive Situation and Trends2.5.1 Testosterone Replacement Therapy Market Concentration Rate2.5.2 Global Top 5 and Top 10 Players Market Share by Revenue2.5.3 Market Share by Company Type (Tier 1, Tier 2 and Tier 3)2.6 Manufacturers Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion Plans2.7 Primary Interviews with Key Testosterone Replacement Therapy Players (Opinion Leaders) 3 Testosterone Replacement Therapy Retrospective Market Scenario by Region3.1 Global Testosterone Replacement Therapy Retrospective Market Scenario in Sales by Region: 2015-20203.2 Global Testosterone Replacement Therapy Retrospective Market Scenario in Revenue by Region: 2015-20203.3 North America Testosterone Replacement Therapy Market Facts & Figures by Country3.3.1 North America Testosterone Replacement Therapy Sales by Country3.3.2 North America Testosterone Replacement Therapy Sales by Country3.3.3 U.S.3.3.4 Canada3.4 Europe Testosterone Replacement Therapy Market Facts & Figures by Country3.4.1 Europe Testosterone Replacement Therapy Sales by Country3.4.2 Europe Testosterone Replacement Therapy Sales by Country3.4.3 Germany3.4.4 France3.4.5 U.K.3.4.6 Italy3.4.7 Russia3.5 Asia Pacific Testosterone Replacement Therapy Market Facts & Figures by Region3.5.1 Asia Pacific Testosterone Replacement Therapy Sales by Region3.5.2 Asia Pacific Testosterone Replacement Therapy Sales by Region3.5.3 China3.5.4 Japan3.5.5 South Korea3.5.6 India3.5.7 Australia3.5.8 Taiwan3.5.9 Indonesia3.5.10 Thailand3.5.11 Malaysia3.5.12 Philippines3.5.13 Vietnam3.6 Latin America Testosterone Replacement Therapy Market Facts & Figures by Country3.6.1 Latin America Testosterone Replacement Therapy Sales by Country3.6.2 Latin America Testosterone Replacement Therapy Sales by Country3.6.3 Mexico3.6.3 Brazil3.6.3 Argentina3.7 Middle East and Africa Testosterone Replacement Therapy Market Facts & Figures by Country3.7.1 Middle East and Africa Testosterone Replacement Therapy Sales by Country3.7.2 Middle East and Africa Testosterone Replacement Therapy Sales by Country3.7.3 Turkey3.7.4 Saudi Arabia3.7.5 U.A.E 4 Global Testosterone Replacement Therapy Historic Market Analysis by Type4.1 Global Testosterone Replacement Therapy Sales Market Share by Type (2015-2020)4.2 Global Testosterone Replacement Therapy Revenue Market Share by Type (2015-2020)4.3 Global Testosterone Replacement Therapy Price Market Share by Type (2015-2020)4.4 Global Testosterone Replacement Therapy Market Share by Price Tier (2015-2020): Low-End, Mid-Range and High-End 5 Global Testosterone Replacement Therapy Historic Market Analysis by Application5.1 Global Testosterone Replacement Therapy Sales Market Share by Application (2015-2020)5.2 Global Testosterone Replacement Therapy Revenue Market Share by Application (2015-2020)5.3 Global Testosterone Replacement Therapy Price by Application (2015-2020) 6 Company Profiles and Key Figures in Testosterone Replacement Therapy Business6.1 AbbVie6.1.1 Corporation Information6.1.2 AbbVie Description, Business Overview and Total Revenue6.1.3 AbbVie Testosterone Replacement Therapy Sales, Revenue and Gross Margin (2015-2020)6.1.4 AbbVie Products Offered6.1.5 AbbVie Recent Development6.2 Endo International6.2.1 Endo International Testosterone Replacement Therapy Production Sites and Area Served6.2.2 Endo International Description, Business Overview and Total Revenue6.2.3 Endo International Testosterone Replacement Therapy Sales, Revenue and Gross Margin (2015-2020)6.2.4 Endo International Products Offered6.2.5 Endo International Recent Development6.3 Eli lilly6.3.1 Eli lilly Testosterone Replacement Therapy Production Sites and Area Served6.3.2 Eli lilly Description, Business Overview and Total Revenue6.3.3 Eli lilly Testosterone Replacement Therapy Sales, Revenue and Gross Margin (2015-2020)6.3.4 Eli lilly Products Offered6.3.5 Eli lilly Recent Development6.4 Pfizer6.4.1 Pfizer Testosterone Replacement Therapy Production Sites and Area Served6.4.2 Pfizer Description, Business Overview and Total Revenue6.4.3 Pfizer Testosterone Replacement Therapy Sales, Revenue and Gross Margin (2015-2020)6.4.4 Pfizer Products Offered6.4.5 Pfizer Recent Development6.5 Actavis (Allergan)6.5.1 Actavis (Allergan) Testosterone Replacement Therapy Production Sites and Area Served6.5.2 Actavis (Allergan) Description, Business Overview and Total Revenue6.5.3 Actavis (Allergan) Testosterone Replacement Therapy Sales, Revenue and Gross Margin (2015-2020)6.5.4 Actavis (Allergan) Products Offered6.5.5 Actavis (Allergan) Recent Development6.6 Bayer6.6.1 Bayer Testosterone Replacement Therapy Production Sites and Area Served6.6.2 Bayer Description, Business Overview and Total Revenue6.6.3 Bayer Testosterone Replacement Therapy Sales, Revenue and Gross Margin (2015-2020)6.6.4 Bayer Products Offered6.6.5 Bayer Recent Development6.7 Novartis6.6.1 Novartis Testosterone Replacement Therapy Production Sites and Area Served6.6.2 Novartis Description, Business Overview and Total Revenue6.6.3 Novartis Testosterone Replacement Therapy Sales, Revenue and Gross Margin (2015-2020)6.4.4 Novartis Products Offered6.7.5 Novartis Recent Development6.8 Teva6.8.1 Teva Testosterone Replacement Therapy Production Sites and Area Served6.8.2 Teva Description, Business Overview and Total Revenue6.8.3 Teva Testosterone Replacement Therapy Sales, Revenue and Gross Margin (2015-2020)6.8.4 Teva Products Offered6.8.5 Teva Recent Development6.9 Mylan6.9.1 Mylan Testosterone Replacement Therapy Production Sites and Area Served6.9.2 Mylan Description, Business Overview and Total Revenue6.9.3 Mylan Testosterone Replacement Therapy Sales, Revenue and Gross Margin (2015-2020)6.9.4 Mylan Products Offered6.9.5 Mylan Recent Development6.10 Upsher-Smith6.10.1 Upsher-Smith Testosterone Replacement Therapy Production Sites and Area Served6.10.2 Upsher-Smith Description, Business Overview and Total Revenue6.10.3 Upsher-Smith Testosterone Replacement Therapy Sales, Revenue and Gross Margin (2015-2020)6.10.4 Upsher-Smith Products Offered6.10.5 Upsher-Smith Recent Development6.11 Ferring Pharmaceuticals6.11.1 Ferring Pharmaceuticals Testosterone Replacement Therapy Production Sites and Area Served6.11.2 Ferring Pharmaceuticals Testosterone Replacement Therapy Description, Business Overview and Total Revenue6.11.3 Ferring Pharmaceuticals Testosterone Replacement Therapy Sales, Revenue and Gross Margin (2015-2020)6.11.4 Ferring Pharmaceuticals Products Offered6.11.5 Ferring Pharmaceuticals Recent Development6.12 Kyowa Kirin6.12.1 Kyowa Kirin Testosterone Replacement Therapy Production Sites and Area Served6.12.2 Kyowa Kirin Testosterone Replacement Therapy Description, Business Overview and Total Revenue6.12.3 Kyowa Kirin Testosterone Replacement Therapy Sales, Revenue and Gross Margin (2015-2020)6.12.4 Kyowa Kirin Products Offered6.12.5 Kyowa Kirin Recent Development6.13 Acerus Pharmaceuticals6.13.1 Acerus Pharmaceuticals Testosterone Replacement Therapy Production Sites and Area Served6.13.2 Acerus Pharmaceuticals Testosterone Replacement Therapy Description, Business Overview and Total Revenue6.13.3 Acerus Pharmaceuticals Testosterone Replacement Therapy Sales, Revenue and Gross Margin (2015-2020)6.13.4 Acerus Pharmaceuticals Products Offered6.13.5 Acerus Pharmaceuticals Recent Development 7 Testosterone Replacement Therapy Manufacturing Cost Analysis7.1 Testosterone Replacement Therapy Key Raw Materials Analysis7.1.1 Key Raw Materials7.1.2 Key Raw Materials Price Trend7.1.3 Key Suppliers of Raw Materials7.2 Proportion of Manufacturing Cost Structure7.3 Manufacturing Process Analysis of Testosterone Replacement Therapy7.4 Testosterone Replacement Therapy Industrial Chain Analysis 8 Marketing Channel, Distributors and Customers8.1 Marketing Channel8.2 Testosterone Replacement Therapy Distributors List8.3 Testosterone Replacement Therapy Customers 9 Market Dynamics 9.1 Market Trends 9.2 Opportunities and Drivers 9.3 Challenges 9.4 Porters Five Forces Analysis 10 Global Market Forecast10.1 Global Testosterone Replacement Therapy Market Estimates and Projections by Type10.1.1 Global Forecasted Sales of Testosterone Replacement Therapy by Type (2021-2026)10.1.2 Global Forecasted Revenue of Testosterone Replacement Therapy by Type (2021-2026)10.2 Testosterone Replacement Therapy Market Estimates and Projections by Application10.2.1 Global Forecasted Sales of Testosterone Replacement Therapy by Application (2021-2026)10.2.2 Global Forecasted Revenue of Testosterone Replacement Therapy by Application (2021-2026)10.3 Testosterone Replacement Therapy Market Estimates and Projections by Region10.3.1 Global Forecasted Sales of Testosterone Replacement Therapy by Region (2021-2026)10.3.2 Global Forecasted Revenue of Testosterone Replacement Therapy by Region (2021-2026)10.4 North America Testosterone Replacement Therapy Estimates and Projections (2021-2026)10.5 Europe Testosterone Replacement Therapy Estimates and Projections (2021-2026)10.6 Asia Pacific Testosterone Replacement Therapy Estimates and Projections (2021-2026)10.7 Latin America Testosterone Replacement Therapy Estimates and Projections (2021-2026)10.8 Middle East and Africa Testosterone Replacement Therapy Estimates and Projections (2021-2026) 11 Research Finding and Conclusion 12 Methodology and Data Source 12.1 Methodology/Research Approach 12.1.1 Research Programs/Design 12.1.2 Market Size Estimation 12.1.3 Market Breakdown and Data Triangulation 12.2 Data Source 12.2.1 Secondary Sources 12.2.2 Primary Sources 12.3 Author List 12.4 Disclaimer

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Testosterone Replacement Therapy Market Overview and Outlook Report by 2026 - Weekly Wall

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With cities starting to reopen after months of pandemic-prescribed lockdown, people are talking about office life. The open-floor plan so beloved of managers is likely to be a thing of the past, replaced by Plexiglas barriers or work-from-home video links. These changes, combined with a spate of highly publicized worker revolts tied to diversity issues, suggest that the old office norms are under siege, which makes it seem like a good time to revisit Nine to Five.

When it was released in 1980, The New York Times dryly called it an office comedy. Thats true, though its more of a comedy about a female uprising. The story is a pip: Three beleaguered secretaries join forces to battle their bullying, sexist boss. Hilarity, implausible high jinks and bondage jokes ensue, but what matters is that the three oppressed workers are played by the glorious trio of Jane Fonda, Lily Tomlin and Dolly Parton, in her screen debut. Parton also sang the catchy title song, which became a hit.

Workin 9 to 5, what a way to make a livin

Barely gettin by, its all takin and no givin

They just use your mind and they never give you credit

Its enough to drive you crazy if you let it

Inspired by the women she met during one of her national tours, Fonda decided to make a movie about the discrimination facing female office workers. We did not see it as a comedy at first, she later wrote. Whats funny about working 15-hour days and getting paid for 40 hours work a week? But a comedy it became, with the director Colin Higgins writing the script with Patricia Resnick, and Tomlin and Parton stealing the show. The film was a hit and spawned a TV series and a Broadway musical. Not everyone was a fan, but as the 1980s became a decade known for testosterone-fueled action movies, the flickering feminist righteousness of Nine to Five was encouraging.

Forty years later, were curious: Do you see the films vision of workplace sisterhood as noble or pandering? Ahead of its time or, in the era of #MeToo and intersectional feminism, hopelessly dated? Do Tomlin, Fonda and Parton make you laugh? Nine to Five is widely available to rent or buy online; heres a guide. Please watch it over the weekend and let us know what you think in the comments section below. The cutoff for feedback is 6 p.m. Eastern time, Monday. Well read what you have to say and share our ideas on both the film and your observations on Tuesday.

Originally posted here:
Viewing Party! Lets All Watch Nine to Five! - The New York Times

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"I know that I am making the right decision because whenever I think about changing my gender role, I am flooded with feelings of relief."

By: Ben Barres

Shortly before Ben Barres death in December 2017, the pioneering neuroscientist sent his friend Nancy Hopkins a heartbreaking email in which he told her hed been diagnosed with advanced metastatic pancreatic cancer and probably only had a few months left to live.

Barres, who was known as much for his advocacy for gender equality in science as for his groundbreaking work on glial cells, the unsung heroes of the brain, spent his final months writing The Autobiography of a Transgender Scientist, which was posthumously published in 2018. In the excerpt featured below, Barres candidly describes making the transition from female to male in the late 1990s and shares a coming-out letter he wrote to friends and colleagues. This has been a difficult decision because I risk losing everything of importance to me: my reputation, my career, my friends and even my family, he tells them. I know that I am making the right decision because whenever I think about changing my gender role, I am flooded with feelings of relief.

After about four years at Stanford, I was promoted to associate professor with tenure. One morning, I was reading a local newspaper, the San Francisco Chronicle, and came across and read with astonishment a four-page article about Jamison Green, a female to male transgender person and transgender rights activist. He was one of few openly transgender people at the time. In the article, Green described in detail his personal experiences with gender identity and to my surprise they mirrored my own very closely. This was the first time that I understood that there were others who had the same gender identity discordance that I had. It was also the first time that I had heard the word transgender.

The article mentioned the clinic of Don Laub, a Stanford plastic surgeon who was a Bay Area pioneer in helping transgender people. As I started to read more about other transgender people, I realized that I was likely transgender. I made an appointment to be evaluated at his clinic. It was the first time I was able to discuss my gender confusion with anyone. I met with Dr. Laub, as well as with an experienced psychologist who had worked with him for many years. The clinic concluded that I was transgender and offered to help me to transition from female to male.

At that time, transsexuality was still listed as a mental illness in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, a classification of mental disorders published by the American Psychiatric Association. Proponents of this view argued that it was wrong and harmful to help people change their sex. Did I have a mental illness? I did not think so. Moreover, reflecting on my experiences during psychiatry rotations during my neurology training days, my impression was that the incidence of serious mental illness was likely far higher in psychiatrists than in transgender people. So I did not see why they should get to categorize me as mentally ill! Moreover, I had been exposed to a testosterone-like drug during fetal development and my masculinization was consistent with relevant animal and human data.

I felt an irresistible desire to transition from female to male from the moment I was offered that possibility. But I thought about it for several weeks because I was worried about what the repercussions might be for my career. Even though I was already tenured and so did not have to worry about being fired a frequent outcome for transgender people in other professions at the time (in many states, transgender people are still not legally protected from being fired) there was much to consider.

Would new students or postdocs wish to join my lab? Would my colleagues reject me? Would I still be invited to meetings and so forth?

I did not know of any successful transgender scientists, and I worried whether, if I transitioned, I would be able to get any more grants (it was already nearly impossible). Would new students or postdocs wish to join my lab? Would my colleagues reject me? Would I still be invited to meetings and so forth? Reading about the experiences of other folks in other professions who had transitioned, I strongly feared that a transition would end my career. For about a week, I was almost unable to sleep from the stress as I pondered whether I should transition or commit suicide. I finally decided to open up to three friends whose opinion I valued very much: David Corey, Martin Raff, and Louis Reichardt. For the first time, I opened up to them about my gender confusion and told them that I was considering changing sex. Did they think that the repercussions would be so bad that it would harm my career? To my great relief, all three were immediately and strongly supportive. Based on their support, I decided to transition. I sent out the following letter to my colleagues, family, and friends late in December of 1997 to let them know of my gender dysphoria and my decision to transition.

Dear friends,

I am writing to disclose a personal problem that Ive been struggling with for some time. It is important for me to talk about it now in order that I can finally move forward.

Ever since I was a few years old, I have had profound feelings that I was born the wrong sex. As a child I played with boys toys and boys nearly exclusively. As a teenager, I could not wear dresses, shave, wear jewelry, makeup, or anything remotely feminine without extreme discomfort; I watched amazed as all of these things came easily to my sisters. Instead I wanted to wear male clothing, be in the boy scouts, do shop, play sports with the guys, do auto mechanics and so forth. Since childhood, I have been ridiculed and shunned by women and by men. At the age of 17, I learned that I had been born without a uterus or vagina (Mullerian agenesis), and that I had been exposed prenatally to masculinizing hormones. Despite plastic surgical correction of my birth defect, throughout my life I have continued to have intensely strong feelings of non-identity with women. Perhaps most disturbingly I feel that I have the wrong genitals and have had violent thoughts about them. My lack of female identity was brought home vividly to me recently after having bilateral mastectomies for breast cancer. This surgery, rather than being an assault on my female identity as it was for my mother, felt corrective as my breasts never seemed like they should be there anyway; the thought of reconstructive surgery has been repellent to me. Since the surgery, people who do not know me often call me sir, but that doesnt bother me either. It is not that I wish I were male, rather, I feel that I already am.

It would be difficult to describe the mental anguish that this gender confusion has caused me. Although I have never been clinically depressed, it has been the source of strong feelings of worthlessness, intense isolation, hopelessness and self-destructive feelings. I have never been able to talk to anyone about it because I felt so ashamed and embarrassed by it. It seemed that it must be my fault, that somehow I should be able to make myself be a woman. This is how things stood until two months ago, when I read in the newspaper about the existence of a gender clinic at Stanford. They found that I have a condition known as gender dysphoria. To my amazement, I learned that I am not alone and that my story is stereotypical of all of those who have this condition.

So what is gender dysphoria (also known as being transgendered or as gender identity disorder)? Those who have it feel from childhood a strong mismatch between their anatomical sex and their brain sex (gender identity). The cause is unknown but is thought to be biological, as some cases are clearly associated with a history of hormone exposure during development. Although it is not treatable by psychotherapy, the dysphoria is substantially lessened by a change in gender role. Treatment with testosterone induces normal male secondary sexual characteristics within 6 to 12 months. Most patients also opt for mastectomies, which I have already had, and hysterectomy, which nature has already done for me. In my case, testosterone treatment would have the added benefits of substantially lowering my chance of new or recurrent breast cancer, because it lowers estrogen levels, and would block the osteoporosis and menopausal symptoms that will otherwise follow when I have my ovaries removed because of my cancer susceptibility mutation.

After much reflection, I have made the decision to take testosterone. I will thus become a female to male transsexual. This has been a difficult decision because I risk losing everything of importance to me: my reputation, my career, my friends and even my family. Testosterone is a far from perfect solution; Im still not going to be normal and social isolation will undoubtedly continue. But testosterone treatment offers the possibility that for the first time in my life I might feel comfortable with myself and not have to fake who I am anymore. I know that I am making the right decision because whenever I think about changing my gender role, I am flooded with feelings of relief. I will begin taking testosterone in February. A change in my appearance will not be visible for several months. By summer, I will begin to dress in mens clothes and will change my name to Ben. Throughout this process I will continue to work normally and to conduct myself in all ways as usual (except that I will only use single occupancy bathrooms). Although the idea of my changing sex will take some time for you to get used to, the reality is that Im not going to change all that much. Im still going to wear jeans and tee shirts and pretty much be the same person I always have beenits just that I am going to be a lot happier.

Many transsexuals change jobs after their sex change in order to retain anonymity, but anonymity is obviously not an option for menor is it one I desire. I am tired of hiding who I am. More importantly I owe it to others who unknowingly endure this condition, as I did, to be visible. Despite my 7 years of medical training, which I undertook to understand what was wrong with me, until 2 months ago I had never heard of gender dysphoria (oddly I somehow picked the right organ to study!). Had it not been for the transsexual who allowed himself to be the subject of the news piece I read, I would still not know about it. Sure I knew that sometimes there were male to female transsexuals but I had thought that these people were perverts. I am not a pervert; I dont seek pleasureonly relief from pain. Most transsexuals hide because of shame and fear, perpetuating ignorance and oppression about their condition. Their suicide rate is so high that some experts have called gender dysphoria a lethal disease. This is why I cannot hide.

In my heart I feel that I am a good scientist and teacher. I hope that despite my trans sexuality you will allow me to continue with the work that, as you all know, I love. I am happy to answer any questions.

Sincerely,

Barbara A. Barres

Despite support from David, Martin, and Louis, sending out this letter was still very scary. I found that my family was immediately supportive and so were all of my colleagues. I heard back from many of them very quickly. Here is the very first response that I received. It is from Chuck Stevens at Salk, a colleague I had long admired for his science and his wonderfully generous mentorship of so many young scientists).

Dear Barbara,

Thanks for the letter and the personal info. I have always been fond of the person in there and the gender makes zero difference to meI expect you will find the same with all of your friends. Let me know when to change to Ben.

Best regards,

Chuck

All of the other responses I received were similarly supportive. And there it was: this shameful secret I had held inside of me for forty years was out, and within a few months I had transitioned to Ben simply by taking testosterone (mastectomies had already been done, but I did have my ovaries removed soon thereafter as they were a cancer risk because of my BRCA2 mutation; the testosterone prevented menopausal symptoms). My career went on as before without a hitch. I am not aware of a single adverse thing that has happened to me in the past twenty years as a result of my being transgender, but there was the immediate relief of all emotional pain as a result of my transition. Never did I think of suicide again and I felt much happier being myself (Ben), no longer having to pretend to be a woman. It is hard to explain how much relief I felt and how much happier I became. It was as if a huge weight had suddenly been lifted from my shoulders.

I should also say that Stanford as a whole was very supportive, including the provost, dean, and all my faculty colleagues. To be honest, I feared that some of the faculty in my department might be embarrassed by my transition. Back then the internet had only recently come into existence and there was still much ignorance about transsexuality. If they had any qualms they did not mention them and they were all completely supportive even the curmudgeonly clock is ticking guy!

I am not aware of a single adverse thing that has happened to me in the past twenty years as a result of my being transgender, but there was the immediate relief of all emotional pain as a result of my transition.

I would like to think that I eventually accomplished enough to fit in. I was elected to the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) in 2013. I was proud to be the first transgender scientist to be elected to NAS and was upset when the academy president refused to mention this in the NAS press release on the grounds that the academy had to deal with religious people. I was deeply disturbed by this as it denies LGBT people proper attribution for their accomplishments, particularly given the great need of LGBT students to be aware of successful role models. Fortunately other news writers soon mentioned it in pieces about me.

How did taking testosterone affect me? It is powerful stuff! There were some of the expected side effects such as increased sex drive for a while (almost like going through a second puberty) and the development of a male hair pattern. I was delighted to be able to grow a mustache and beard, but less thrilled with the rapid onset hair loss that began almost immediately upon start of testosterone (my photograph shows the extent of these effects). All cellulite quickly disappeared. Fat distribution changed from hips and buttocks to abdomen (but a lot stayed everywhere else too). I became much stronger even without doing any exercise. I had never been able to do a single pushup as Barbara, but after about six months of taking testosterone, I noticed that my triceps were beefing up. To my surprise, I was able to do ten pushups (and soon thirty, although I never really worked at it).

I did not particularly notice any change in mathematical, spatial, or verbal abilities, although I did notice on a test that was given to me before and after testosterone that my verbal abilities seemed a little worse and my spatial abilities seemed a bit improved. I still get lost every time I get in a car. Perhaps the most surprising and unexpected effect, though, was that I largely lost the ability to cry. Before testosterone I cried easily, and often cried myself to sleep because of the gender anguish. But after testosterone I found that I was almost entirely unable to cry any more. In response to some very strongly sad stimulus, perhaps I would shed a tear, but the feeling would almost instantly pass. Many other transgender men have told me this has happened to them also, whereas transgender women gain the ability to cry much more easily.

I hope that kids who are able to transition early will be spared the anguish of growing up in the wrong gender with the wrong body, will be able to have more normal social and romantic interactions, and will not have to keep shameful secrets from their families.

When I transitioned in 1997, it was thought that only one in about 20,000 people were transgender, but now, in 2017, it is thought that at least one in 200 people are transgender. LGBT people are often high achievers. Many LGBT people in my generation share growing up with a shameful secret and consequent low self-esteem. Perhaps this may drive us to work hard to succeed in order to prove our self-worth. Things are changing fast for transgender people. The internet has enabled relevant information to be easily researched and accessed, and the public is now being rapidly educated. TV shows often feature transgender characters, and transgender people can now serve openly in the military. There are still some battles being fought, such as gaining protection from being fired for being transgender, as well as bathroom protections, but the public is mostly sympathetic to and supportive of LGBT people, so I believe these battles will soon be won.

Most important, clinics are popping up to help trans children. As a result of public education, trans kids often self-identify, or are identified by their parents, even at grade school age. As they approach puberty, if their transgender identity persists, these kids can be treated with puberty blockers so they do not undergo permanent bodily changes inconsistent with their gender identity. Then when they are of age, at about sixteen years old, they can make the decision about whether they wish to transition. Up to now at least 40 percent of transgender people attempt suicide. I hope that kids who are able to transition early will be spared the anguish of growing up in the wrong gender with the wrong body, will be able to have more normal social and romantic interactions, and will not have to keep shameful secrets from their families. How I envy them!

I am happy to be an openly transgender scientist and to serve as a role model for young LGBT scientists. I hope that I have helped ease their way a little bit. LGBT students and postdocs at Stanford and other institutions frequently contact me to discuss whether or not to be open in their applications to various training programs. I always counsel them to be open about who they are, as it seems to me that currently the advantages far outweigh the risks. The vast majority of academics are highly supportive. It is very difficult to live life in a closet. It does not make sense to do this because of an occasional bigot. I have yet to have anyone tell me they regretted their decision to be open.

Ben Barres (19542017) was Professor and Chair of the Department of Neurology at Stanford University and one of the worlds leading researchers on the role of the brain cells known as glia. This article is excerpted from his book The Autobiography of a Transgender Scientist.

Originally posted here:
The Coming Out of a Transgender Scientist - The MIT Press Reader

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LONDON--(BUSINESS WIRE)--Technavio has been monitoring the infrared aerial camera market and it is poised to grow by USD 362.77 million during 2020-2024, progressing at a CAGR of over 8% during the forecast period. The report offers an up-to-date analysis regarding the current market scenario, latest trends and drivers, and the overall market environment.

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The market is concentrated, and the degree of concentration will accelerate during the forecast period. DIAS Infrared GmbH, FLIR Systems Inc., HGH Systemes Infrarouges SAS, Infrared Cameras Inc., InfraTec GmbH, Jenoptik AG, L3Harris Technologies Inc., Leonardo Spa, SZ DJI Technology Co. Ltd., and Yuneec Europe GmbH are some of the major market participants. To make the most of the opportunities, market vendors should focus more on the growth prospects in the fast-growing segments, while maintaining their positions in the slow-growing segments.

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Use of infrared aerial cameras in UAVs has been instrumental in driving the growth of the market.

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Infrared Aerial Camera Market 2020-2024: Segmentation

Infrared Aerial Camera Market is segmented as below:

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Infrared Aerial Camera Market 2020-2024: Scope

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Infrared Aerial Camera Market 2020-2024: Key Highlights

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Drivers, Challenges, and Trends

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COVID-19 Impact and Recovery Analysis - Infrared Aerial Camera Market 2020-2024 | Use of Infrared Aerial Cameras in UAVs to Boost Growth | Technavio -...

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MARK MCGWIRE TALKED a lot about The Baseball Gods during his playing career, a sure sign of someone who treats the game with a solemnity it doesn't deserve. He was never more publicly grave than during the 1998 season, his finest moment, when he couldn't go three words without reminding everyone how monumentally, crushingly difficult it was to do what he was in the process of doing.

He hit 70 homers that season, destroying a record that had stood for 37 years and setting one that would stand for just three. Outwardly, he enjoyed very few of those homers. After every game, he stood at his locker, gaze trained in the distance, eyes narrowed, a soldier walking point, searching for snipers.

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"I feel like a caged animal," he said at one point, and even though he was criticized for complaining about something the rest of us were celebrating, he wasn't wrong. There was pressure, and McGwire wore it like a cast-iron overcoat.

I stood in front of that locker after a game more than 20 times that season, and each time McGwire emanated a unique brand of pain. He deflected often, suggesting that we talk to his St. Louis Cardinals teammates, going so far as to point around the room and list their names and contributions, sounding like the world's most dour emcee.

In the 162-episode dramatic series that became the 1998 season, that was McGwire's role: the brooding, team-first giant who just happened to possess a singular skill he never seemed to embrace. He motivated himself by locking the door and pushing the world away.

SAMMY SOSA DID not worship at the altar of The Baseball Gods. He blasted salsa music from a boombox at his locker before games, drowning out whatever was running through the clubhouse speakers (chosen, by decree of TBG, by that day's starting pitcher).

Sosa talked a lot about being the shoeshine boy from the Dominican who hacked his way off the island to smile and hop his way to fame and fortune. He hit bombs and bounced sideways out of the batter's box like he was sliding through a narrow doorway. When he reached home plate, he unleashed an elaborate series of hand gestures that even McGwire found joy in repeating. In 1998, on his way to a 66-homer season that would stand (for three years) as No. 2 in history, Sosa couldn't go more than three words without reminding everyone how much fun it was to do what he was doing.

When McGwire hit No. 62, breaking Roger Maris' single-season record, Sosa was standing in right field in Busch Stadium, and he sprinted from his position to home plate to hug McGwire. Many of his Chicago Cubs teammates fumed at the break with decorum, but in the summer of '98, it was deemed best to shut up and let it ride.

That was Sosa's role: the comic-relief sidekick, assigned to play a simplistic stereotype in service of the man who was preordained to play the lead. He motivated himself by throwing open the door and inviting the world in.

THE HOME RUN is baseball's most violent and spontaneous act. There is an element of defiance, even dismissiveness, in sending a ball over the fence and out of the field of play. And the home run accomplishes everything baseball allegedly doesn't; it creates stars, exposes personalities, generates digestible highlights.

In 1998, McGwire and Sosa engaged in a season-long quest to take down Maris' single-season home run record of 61, a competition that is the subject of "Long Gone Summer," a 30 for 30 documentary premiering Sunday. By July of that season, the home run chase became more than baseballs flying over fences. It was a piece of performance art, a morality play and a precursor for what the game would become. This was the beating heart of baseball's steroid era, and it's clear there was something stronger than wholesome Midwest air and good old-fashioned momentum coursing through the veins of the two men captivating the nation. But for the most part, we weren't overly interested in complications. We were along for the ride, and it was a lot of fun.

"I think it's just a fascination with the home run and the power that's come about the last couple of years," McGwire told me at the time. "People are shaking their heads, thinking, 'What's going on here?' They don't understand it."

He understood it, of course, and his understanding was the root of his nearly pathological desire to deflect attention. The paradox is rich: The man Tony La Russa described as a "back-of-the-room guy," whose sole desire was to merge seamlessly into the clubhouse furniture, went to extralegal attempts to set himself apart. He became a human exaggeration and, in the process, elevated himself above everyone in the game.

His teammates were collateral damage, but McGwire was a master of clubhouse diplomacy. He constantly apologized to his teammates for the imposition, and he followed every milestone homer -- 60, 61, 62, 70 -- by signing a box of a dozen baseballs for each teammate.

Still, there were so many media members in the Cardinals' clubhouse over the final two months of the season; every day it felt like a convention. We soon ferreted out McGwire's closest friends on the team, and we created separate groups in our minds: those who wanted to talk about McGwire; those who would talk about McGwire but didn't particularly enjoy it; and those who wanted nothing to do with any of it.

After one game, there was a crowd of 20 to 30 reporters surrounding catcher Tom Lampkin, whose friendship with McGwire and overall conviviality made him a regular stop on the Tour of Lockers. As Lampkin spoke, he was interrupted by pitcher Kent Mercker, who was hollering from across the room. "Hey, Tom," Mercker called out. "Your house burn down or something?" Lampkin shrugged and laughed, and Mercker threw his hands up and said, "This is nuts. That dude didn't even play today."

BEFORE 1998, Sammy Sosa had successive years of 36, 40 and 36 home runs. Before 1998, Sammy Sosa drove in more than 100 runs in each of those three years. In 1995, Sammy Sosa hit 36 home runs, drove in 119 runs and stole 34 bases, achieving just the 22nd 30-homer, 30-steal season in the history of baseball.

Sammy Sosa was a star. Sammy Sosa got MVP votes. And yet, in "Long Gone Summer," McGwire says of Sosa, "I knew he was a player in our league." McGwire didn't know anything more about him until he hit 20 homers in June.

Those 20 homers created a home run race that nobody saw coming. McGwire was coming off a 58-homer 1997 season, and '98 was set up to be a season-long coronation. The difficulty of hitting 62 homers was acknowledged -- savagely, onerously, gruesomely difficult -- but it was considered McGwire's fate. Somehow, Sosa barged in, kissing his fingertips and bombing out to his spot in right field at Wrigley on a dead sprint as if he couldn't bear the thought of wasting a split second of the adulation awaiting him.

By July, they were co-stars. And when the Cubs and Cardinals played a two-game series in St. Louis on Sept. 7 and 8, the two were being driven on a golf cart -- with police officers jogging behind, like a bizarre scene out of North Korea -- to a joint news conference near the right-field corner of Busch Stadium. McGwire had 60 homers, Sosa 58, but the scene was engineered to make them seem like summer-ball buddies rather than intradivisional competitors. They sat together and played their ascribed roles. Sosa served as a shield, laughing and joking and cajoling McGwire to see slivers of light amid the darkness. He was credited with lifting some of the pressure from McGwire's shoulders and bringing out the big man's lighter side. He also pushed him, because beating Roger Maris had become secondary to beating Sammy Sosa.

THERE IS AN entire language unique to the baseball cheat. You still have to put in the work. (True, but it's far easier when the body is chemically engineered to recover quicker.) Steroids don't help hand-eye coordination. (HGH has been proved to help eyesight, though.) PEDs can't make a bad hitter great. (No, but if you're good at it to begin with, it definitely helps.) La Russa was fluent in this language. McGwire was too.

"Everyone looks at my body," McGwire told me in '98, "but I use my mind more than my arms."

McGwire never had to answer the tough questions that season. There was one scare, the andro scare, when a reporter from The Associated Press wrote about a bottle of androstenedione that sat on the top shelf of McGwire's locker. It wasn't a steroid, necessarily, but it was close enough to raise suspicions. More than 20 years of media self-flagellation later -- what should we have known and when should we have known it? -- it's probably accurate to say everyone involved got swept away by the eagerness to believe.

"Long Gone Summer" depicts McGwire as a man who retains his unique ability to blend defiance with ignorance. It wasn't illegal is a standby, as is Everybody was doing it. McGwire subscribes to both philosophies. Major League Baseball has largely forgiven the main characters of that PED era. McGwire, after retreating from public view for several years after his retirement, gave a tearful public apology as a prelude to becoming a hitting coach for three big league teams. Barry Bonds works for the Giants, and Alex Rodriguez might buy the Mets. Bud Selig and Tony La Russa are in the Hall of Fame. And Jose Canseco is free to roam Twitter and run for president on the long-neglected army-of-robots platform. (Finally, someone gets it.)

Sosa, whose thirst for attention wore on his teammates, has paid a higher price. He is not welcome at Cubs games or events, despite carrying the franchise for many of his 13 years with the team. In 1999, the year after the chase, he hit 63 homers, drove in 141 runs and played in 162 games. The team lost 95 games and yet drew more than 2.8 million fans. But in order for Sosa to return to Wrigley Field, owner Tom Ricketts has demanded some form of contrition. If Sosa does not admit to PED use -- and apologize in a manner that suits current club ownership -- he will continue to be shunned.

Setting aside the moral and competitive issues raised by PEDs, for a team owner -- even one who entered the game after 1998 -- to demand contrition is laughable to the point of insult. For all the shadings and half-truths and outright lies of the steroid era, consensus can be found in the following five words: Ignorance was incentivized and monetized. The landing spot of McGwire's 70th home run -- slightly above and behind the left-field bullpen at Busch Stadium, hardly Class A real estate -- was quickly transformed into Suite 70. It was sold out for every game in 1999, with 70 seats at $70 apiece, nearly $400,000 a year. Nobody apologized for accepting money that was predicated on an alleged fraud.

Baseball history can be plotted through an undefined original sin followed by acts of recidivism and penitence -- maybe unsurprising, given its puritan roots. This pattern can be difficult to follow; McGwire and Sosa supposedly saved the game from the sins of the '94 lockout, three years after Cal Ripken Jr., who broke Lou Gehrig's consecutive-game streak, supposedly saved it from the same sin. It's difficult to say who saved the hardest, and the question itself -- Who saved baseball this time? -- feels as much like an accusation as a compliment, especially now, as the game cracks its knuckles and limbers its neck in preparation for another Category 5 public relations disaster.

There's no question, however, that McGwire and Sosa played a role in changing baseball. The analytical revolution that began in the early 2000s turned home runs from accessories to staples. What was monetized in '98 became institutionalized in less than a generation.

THE MOST MEMORABLE moment in "Long Gone Summer" is so subtle it can't be accidental. As the homers begin to blur into a mlange of hypertrophic forearms and dumbfounded pitchers, McGwire is shown hitting a tape-measure shot against the San Francisco Giants. To this point, every teammate and opponent has practically dripped admiration for McGwire. He's special, he's humble, he's the big redheaded American ideal. Nobody, it seems, can get enough of McGwire.

But as he's rounding the bases on this particular home run against this particular team, we get a glimpse of the particular brand of salvation created by the summer of '98. The camera shows Barry Bonds standing in the outfield. It lasts barely a second, but that's plenty. This is the thin, fast, mustachioed Barry Bonds, the guy who was the most complete player in baseball for the entire decade of the '90s, and he's standing out there with his arms folded. The look on his face is both disgusted and satisfied. He's the detective who just bore through the lies to solve a gruesome crime.

You can track a couple of decades of baseball history in that look. Knowing what Bonds knew then, and what McGwire knew then -- and what the rest of us would soon find out -- you can pretty much read what was going on behind his raised eyebrows:

If this is how it's going to be, fine. Everybody buckle up.

Continued here:
Sammy Sosa, Mark McGwire and what we should have known - ESPN

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With gyms still closed due to the coronavirus pandemic, people are looking for easy, at-home workout routines.

There's one effective, equipment-free exercise that almost anyone can take up: Running!

Adaptable, versatile and fairly easy to start, running can help lose weight, especially when combined with a healthy diet. TODAY spoke to two nutritionists to find the best way to combine running with diet to reach your fitness goals.

According to Natalie Rizzo, a New York City-based registered dietitian who works with "everyday athletes," running is a great way to lose weight since it burns a lot of calories quickly.

"You're burning more calories per minute" with running than you are with strength training or cycling, Rizzo said.

Kristin Kirkpatrick, a dietitian and the manager of wellness nutrition services at the Cleveland Clinic Wellness Institute, added that the amount of calories you burn running can vary based on how long or intense your workout does, and said that diet plays a huge role in making the exercise effective.

"My husband's a trail runner, he will go out for a run and run 15 or 20 miles out in the mountains," Kirkpatrick explained. "So that is very high intensity. If you're doing something like that, the chances of losing weight are pretty high, but if you're just someone who walks out the front door and runs three miles, that might not be enough for weight loss if your diet is still lousy."

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"One of the main goals, when it comes to weight loss, is that you want to burn calories," Rizzo explained. "That has to go hand in hand with good nutrition."

The problem with suddenly increasing the amount of exercise you do, Rizzo said, is that people frequently think they are burning more calories than they are, and overcompensate when it comes to diet.

"It's really easy to overeat," she explained. "You're going to feel hungry when you're just starting to run ... Just because you're running and you're working out doesn't necessarily mean you can eat whatever you want. It really has to be a combination of exercise and diet. Eating healthy is generally what's going to make your weight loss goals happen."

"Diet will almost always trump exercise," said Kirkpatrick.

Combine running with a healthy diet to create a calorie deficit, which Rizzo said is what "really makes weight loss goals happen." A calorie deficit essentially means that you are burning more calories than you consume, so it's important to fill your diet with lower-calorie foods that make you feel full.

"You want to make sure that you're still eating a healthy diet and following recovery nutrition tactics," Rizzo said. "Look for foods that have hunger-fighting properties in them. That's generally energy-dense foods like fruits and vegetables, legumes and whole grains, beans and things like that. Pack your plate with those. It's going to keep you from overeating things you don't necessarily want."

Kirkpatrick said that you might have to adjust your diet a bit to make sure you are getting the nutrients you need, especially if you're running a lot.

"An average person running three to four miles a day doesn't necessarily need to come from a run and immediately re-fuel," she said. "You can probably have normal meals and snacks as you typically would. If you're doing five or six miles, you're probably going to have to have some sort of simple sugar to refuel with, and of course water and electrolytes. Complex carbohydrates and lean sources of protein are always a great option."

Rizzo recommends using "the right kind of fuel" to make sure your body is supported by your diet, but you don't overeat.

"Generally, think about food as fuel for a workout," Rizzo said. "One of the main issues that I see with runners, in terms of losing weight, is that they want fuel for their workouts, which a lot of times requires eating a decent amount of carbs and things that they've been taught are not necessarily the best foods for weight loss. It's almost like they're fighting with themselves on figuring out what to eat."

If you do decide to start incorporating running into your weight-loss journey, Rizzo recommends starting slowly and carefully to avoid any injury.

"You want to make sure you have the right form," she said. "And that you don't go out to fast. That can be as simple as Googling the right form. Make sure you're landing on a flat foot, that your arms are at your sides and not crossing in front of your body, because having the wrong form can really lead to difficult injuries."

If you're going to be running a lot, make sure that you have decent running shoes, says Rizzo, because improper footwear can lead to shin splints.

"Another thing that can lead to injuries is going out too fast and trying to train too much," Rizzo explained, adding that people should try to combine running with other forms of exercise like strength training.

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